A Neurospora sp was used to ferment organic waste materials such as sugarcane residue powder (bagasse), bran and cassava residue The feed complex enzymes including cellulase, saccharifying enzyme,neutral proteinase and other growth factors were produced The experimental results showed that suitable medium contained sugarcane residue powder 100 g ?bran 600 g, cassava residue 300 g, mixed nitrogen sucrose 20 g per kilogram solid materials and some content of phosphate, the water in medium was twice as weight as the solid materials;the suitable fermentation conditions were that the strain was cultured first for 2 days under 34℃ and then fermented for 2～3 days at 37℃, no light,keeping the watering medium and suppling enough oxygen during fermentation The cellulase (CMC+C1) was 1759mg/g/h, saccharifying enzyme to 3110 mg/g/h, neutral proteinase 297mg/g /h in ferment product On the other hand, light,enough air,lower temperature and less water content in medium were benefit to producing spores

Objective To analyze the clinical data of brucellosis,and to provide references for brucellosis therapy.Methods The patients definitely diagnosed brucellosis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to June 2016 were assessed,data of clinical features,laboratory examination,treatment and prognosis were analyzed.Results Of all 99 cases,the mean age was (46.7 ± 15.7) years old,83 cases had a history of closely contacted with sheep,2 cases with pig and 1 case with cattle.The occupational distribution of patients included 90 farmers,1 veterinarian,2 cooks,6 children and students.All patients had clinical manifestations such as fever,fatigue,and sweating.There were 18 patients with back and joint pain,13 cases had abnormal manifestation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Blood culture was positive in 54 (71.05％,54/76) and serum test tube agglutination test was positive in 61 (98.39％,61/62).Eighty-one patients received doxycycline combined with rifampicin treatment,six months laters,all patients were cured.Conclusions Sheep are the main sources of infection for brucellosis.Fatigue,sweaty and fever are the most common symptoms,and osteoarticular is the most frequently involved.Serum agglutination test and blood culture are important tests for diagnosis of brucellosis.Doxycycline combined with rifampicin was the most common used antibiotics regimen.Early,combined,regular,full-course antibiotic treatment has a better prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo perform a retrospective cohort study in order to determine the differences in short-term curative effect of ribavirin in combination with interferon alfa (IFNa)-2a vs. pegylated (Peg)-IFNa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

METHODSOne-hundred-and-eighty-eight treatment of the CHC patients who were administered combination therapy of ribavirin with IFNa from 2010 to 2012. One-hundred-and-thirty-three of the patients received the therapy with IFNa-2a and the remaining 55 received Peg-IFNa-2a. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) load and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured at treatment weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48. Adverse reactions were recorded. Differences between the groups were assessed by statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe patients in the Peg-IFNa-2a group and the IFNa-2a group showed no significant difference in sex distribution, age, smoking habits, or drinking habits at baseline (all P more than 0.05). Both antiviral therapies significantly reduced the HCV load and levels of ALT and AST (baseline levels vs. all treatment weeks examined, P less than 0.05); however, the reduction in the HCV load at week 4 was significantly more robust with the Peg-IFNa-2a therapy (2.96 ± 0.66) log10 IU/ ml vs. (3.47 ± 1.42)1og10 IU/ml; F =4.14, P=0.04). The Peg-IFNa-2a group also showed a significant higher rate of rapid virological response (RVR) than the IFNa-2a group (72.72% vs .57.14%; x²=4.37, P=0.04), but there were no statistically significant differences found between the two groups for early virological response rate (EVR), endpoint antiviral treatment virologic response rate (ETR), biochemical response rate, or rate of adverse reactions (all P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRibavirin in combination with Peg-IFNa-2a produces a better RVR than in combination with IFNa-2a .Yet, the EVR, ETR, biochemical response rate, and rate of adverse reactions is similar for the two forms of IFNa-2a. Further studies are required to determine the potential superiority of Peg-IFNa-2a for a long-term curative effect.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribavirin ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the new investigational drug pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 µg/week) combined with ribavirin in the treatment of patients with genotype 1/6 chronic hepatitis C (CHC), with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a combined with ribavirin as a positive control. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial was performed. Eligible patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were screened out and randomly divided into Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40kD) group and Peg-IFN-α-2a group at a ratio of 2:1. The patients in both groups were given oral ribavirin for 48 weeks in addition and then followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II was used to determine HCV genotype, and Cobas TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure HCV RNA level at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 weeks. Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR), and a non-inferiority test was also performed. Results: A total of 561 patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were enrolled, among whom 529 received treatment; 90.9% of these patients had genotype 1 CHC. The data of the full analysis set showed that SVR rate was 69.80% (95% CI 65.00%-74.60%) in the trial group and 74.16% (95% CI 67.73%-80.59%) in the control group (P = 0.297 0). The data of the per protocol set (PPS) showed that SVR rate was 80.63% (95% CI 76.04%-85.23%) in the trial group and 81.33% (95% CI 75.10%-87.57%) in the control group (P = 0.849 8), and the 95% CI of rate difference conformed to the non-inferiority standard. The analysis of the PPS population showed that of all subjects, 47.9% achieved rapid virologic response, with a positive predictive value of 93.8%. The incidence rate of adverse events was 96.30% in the trial group and 94.94% in the control group, and the incidence rate of serious adverse events was 5.13% in the trail group and 5.06% in the control group. Conclusion In the regimen of Peg-IFN-α combined with ribavirin for the treatment of genotype 1/6 CHC, the new investigational drug Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable clinical effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.