Objective To investigate the clinical effect of biofeedback electrical stimulation in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence(SUI) and discuss the clinical significance.Methods Daily therapy for 40 min through biofeedback electrical stimulation along with pelvic muscle exercises was performed in 36 cases of female SUI for 20 days as a course of treatment.The curative effect was evaluated as regular intervals.Results In the 36 cases,26 caces were cured,5 caces were improved and 5 caees were invalid.The total effective rate was 86.1％.In the follow-up visit,there was 1 case of relapse(2.8％ ) but with moderate symptoms.Conclusion Biofeedback electrical stimulation combined with pelvic muscle exercises,as the therapy for mild and moderate female SUI,was a safe,reliable,feasible,convenient and effective clinical method with high curative ratio.

Objective To investigate the relationship between intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and en docrine parameters so as to assess the effects of the main endocrine factors on IUGR. The concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin, T3, T4 and TSH were measured in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid and maternal serum. Methods The samples were collected from 23 pregnant women who were diagnosed as the full term IUGR, 42 normal full term pregnant women with normal infants' weight were taken as control. Growth hormone and insulin were mea sured by radioimmunoassay. T3, T4 and TSH were investigated by micro-radioimmunoassay. Results The concentra tions of growth hormone, insulin and T4 in umbilical cord blood were lower in IUGR than that in control group(GH 4. 63μg/L vs 7.01μg/L, insulin 10. 68μIU/ml vs 31.44μIU/ml, T4 87. 39nmol/L vs 138. 10nmol/L. P ＜0. 05, 0. 05 and 0. 05, respectively). The TSH concentration in umbilical cord blood was higher in IUGR than in control group (10. 84μmIU/L vs 5. 75μmIU/L, P ＜0. 01). The concentration of growth hormone in maternal serum and the concen tration of insulin in amniotic fluid were also lower in IUGR group than in control group(GH 1.77μg/L vs 2.74μg/L, P ＜0. 01, insulin 5. 84μIU/mi vs 15. 64μIU/ml, P ＜0. 01). Conclusion This study confirms that full term neonates with IUGR are abnormal in endocrine factors. The inadequacy of growth hormone may be one of the causes of IUGR. The relative scarcity of growth hormone and insulin seems to be a factor to compromise the fetus' metabolism. Be sides, the early hypothyrosis of infants with IUGR might protect them from unfavorable environment in the uterine.

AIM: To prepare and evaluate the biocompatibility of a thermosensitive hydrogel poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-hydroxymethylacrylamide) (P-NIPAAm-co-NHMPA) in vivo so as to appraise its safety as a medical implant in clinical use. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Central Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology(HUST) and the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Wuhan University between January and October in 2007. ① Preparation of thermosensitive hydrogel P-NIPAAm-co-NHMPA: Taking ammonium persulfate and tetramethyl ethylene diamine as oxidation-reduction initiation system, while N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide as cross-linking agent, P-NIPAAm-co-NHMPA was prepared with the addition of NHMPA in reaction system. Low critical solution temperature was determined by shrinking tests. ②A series of biocompatibility tests such as sensitization test, acute systemic toxicity test, genetic toxicity test and implantation test were conducted to evaluate the safety of the implant. RESULTS: ①Synthesized hydrogel showed thermosensitive character as expected, and the low critical solution temperature was 38 ℃.②In sensitization test, there was no sensitization proved in the material; in acute systemic toxicity test, the symptom of toxicity was not found; the genetic toxicity test suggested no teratogenic or mutagenic effects; in vivo implantation test showed that the inflammation around the material was mild and limited. CONCLUSION: Thermosensitive hydrogel P-NIPAAm-co-NHMPA has good biocompatibility and is a potential medical implant.

BACKGROUND: Allicin has been proved to influence the proliferation and apoptosis of LM-8 cells.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of allicin on the expression of apoptosis protein Bcl-2 and Bax in C3H mouse osteosarcoma cell line LM-8, and the correlation of the morphological changes of LM-8 cells with the changes of Bcl-2 and Bax.DESIGN: Randomized grouping, non-blind, cell level, in vitro study.SETTING: The experiment was carded out from September 2006 to May 2007 at the Center Laboratory of Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology.MATERIALS: Osteosarcoma cell line LM-8 was purchased from the Animal Center of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Allicin presented by Wuhan Huihai Co., was a sulphide isolated from garlic corn. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) from Dojindo Laboratories; Bcl-2 antibody, Bax antibody and SP immunohistochemistry kit from Fuzhou Maixin Biotech Co.METHODS: LM-8 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium, then cell climbing films were made, and SP immunocyte-histochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein. Inverted microscope was performed to observe the morphologic changes of LM-8 cells before and after adding with 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L allicin. Serial subcultivated LM-8 cells were adjusted to 7.5× 107 L-1 in concentration, added to 96-pore culture plate, and treated with allicin at a serial concentration of 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L. Additionally blank culture medium pores without cells and allicin and pores without allicin were taken as control groups. The 96-pore culture plate was maintained for 24, 48 and 72 hours, and then fetched. CCK-8 was added to determine the optical density value. The inhibition rate of LM-8 cell growth was also calculated. LM-8 cells were treated with different concentrations of allicin (5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 rag/L) for 24, 48 and72 hours, and then we carried out an apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in LM-8 cells; cell morphous, cell proliferation,and cell apoptosis.RESULTS: ①Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein: Allicin could lower the expression of Bcl-2 protein and enhance the expression of Bax. The positive expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Bcl-2/Bax expression all showed significant differences compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01).②LM-8 cell morphous: LM-8 Cells treated with allicin presented typical apoptosis changes under microscope.③LM-8 cell proliferation: Allicin could inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma cell line LM-8, when concentration of allicin added from 1.0 mg/L to 15.0 mg/L, the inhibition rate of LM-8 cells at 72 hours increased from (23.87±3.26)% to (58.32±5.38)%, and 50% inhibiting concentration was 11.09 mg/L.④LM-8 cell apoptosis: After 72 hours with treatment of allicin of 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L in concentration, apoptosis rate of LM-8 cells revealed a dose-dependent relationship (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ①Allicin can inhibit the proliferation of LM-8 cells in a dose-time-dependent manner.②Allicin can induce the apoptosis of LM-8 cells in a dose-dependent manner.③Allicin can inhibit LM-8 cell proliferation and induce LM-8 cell apoptosis, which is related to down-regulate Bcl-2 protein expression and up-regulate Bax protein expression.

BACKGROUND: Thermosensitive hydrogel materials present stability at human body temperature, which is necessary for its application as a medical implant, thus the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of thermosensitive hydrogel should be beyond the human body temperature by adjustment.OBJECTIVE: To prepare a thermosensitive hydrogel poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-hydroxymethylacrylamide P(NIPAAm-co-NHMPA) with over 37 ℃ LCST, and primarily appraise its safety as a medical implant in vivo.DESIGN: Random, non-blind, group control, animal experimental study.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology(HUST).MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Central Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST and the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Wuhan University between January and October in 2007. NIPAAm monomer and NHMPA monomer were purchased from Aldrich Company, crosslinking agent N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide from Fluka Company, and initiator ammonium persulfate and accelerating agent tetramethyl ethylene diamine from Sigma Company.METHODS: ①Taking ammonium persulfate and tetramethyl ethylene diamine as oxidation-reduction initiation system, while N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide as cross-linking agent, P-NIPAAm-co-NHMPA was prepared with the addition of NHMPA in the reaction system. LCST was determined by shrinking tests.②A series of biocompatibility tests such as sensitization test, acute systemic toxicity test, genetic toxicity test and implantation test were conducted in several experimental animals to evaluate the safety of the implant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The erythema and edema of stimulated lesions were recorded in sensitization test; the general state of each animal in acute systemic toxicity test were recorded 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection; in genetic toxicity test, mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte (PEC) micronucleus was counted six hours after injection under microscope; sections after implantation were observed under light microscope.RESULTS: ①Synthesized hydrogel showed thermosensitive character and the LCST was 38 ℃.②In sensitization test, there was no erythema and edema occurred after leaching liquor and saline were injected; acute systemic toxicity test result revealed no symptom of toxicity; the genetic toxicity test suggested no difference of PEC frequency between experimental group and negative control group; in vivo implantation test, the inflammation around the material was mild and limited.CONCLUSION:P(NIPAAm-co-NHMPA) shows good biocompatibility and can be potentially used as an implant material.

Objective: To study the relationships among attributional style, self-efficacy and subjective well-being(SWB). Methods: 269 college students participated the study. Attributional Style Questionnaire , Self-efficacy Questionnaire and Subjective Well-being(SWB) Questionnaire were applied to the college students. Results: ① Attributional style predicated SWB, but three dimensions (internality-externality; whole-part; controllability-uncontrollability)of negative events were significant negative predicators of SWB. ② Self-efficacy was a significant positive predicator of SWB. ③ There were no differences in SWB between sexes and specialities. ④ There were significant differences in SWB between students with different self-efficacy levels, and the SWB of high self-efficacy group was better than that of the low self-efficacy group. Conclusion: College students'attributional style and self-efficacy impact their subjective well-being.Educators should cultivate students's positive attributional style and enhance their self-efficacy.

Objective Ultrasonongraphy and mammography were employed to estimate the pathological response of patients with breast cancer ,who had been accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy .According to the pres-ent study ,we can provide additional evidence on therapeutic effect on evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and better selection of regime for breast cancer .Methods One hundred Thirty-six patients who were previously dia-gosed diagnosed with primary breast cancer were included in this study .All subjects were female with clearly pathological detection and accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy about 4 to 6 cycles regardless of regime .The resid-ual tumor size was evaluated by mammography and /or ultrasonography before operation .Tumor size measured by image were compared with pathological size to predicting the accuracy of two types of imaging .Results Forty one of 116 records were undetectable imaging by mammogram and 19 of 106 records were undetectable by ultrasound which were considered a pathologic complete response .Sixty one(62.24%)of 98 patients who were accepted de-tection of mammogram and ultrasound would be predicted the tumor size by mammogram .Eighty three(84.69%) of 98 patients would be predicted the residual tumor by ultrasound .31 and 59 were accurately evaluated by mam-mogram and ultrasound , respectively .The result indicated that ultrasound was more accurate than mammogram (60.20%vs.31.63%,χ2 =16.11,P<0.001).The correctly rate was 92.85%(91/98)for ultrasound and 68. 37%(67/98) for mammogram.The diagnosis efficiency of ultrasound was more higher than mammogram ,even though there was no different significance between the two methods (χ2 =2.028,P=0.164).Conclusion Ultra-sonongraphy in estimating the residual tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of patients with breast cancer displays more accurately than mammography .

Objective To establish mouse poisoning model by inhaling benzene, and to investigate the induction effect of benzene on the apoptosis of mouse bone marrow cells and its mechanism, and to provide an experimental basis for study on bone marrow toxicity mechanism.Methods 24 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6).The mice in one group were exposed to ambient air (control group)and the mice in the other three groups were exposed to different doses (400,800,1 600 mg·m-3 )of benzene (low,middle and high doses of benzene groups)for 1 5 d in the respective inhalation chambers. At the end of the experiment, the mice were killed. The bone marrow of the mice was obtained. The pathological changes of the bone marrow cells of the mice in various groups were observed under light microscope with HE staining.The apoptotic rates and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP ) of the mice in various groups were detected by flow cytometry, and the expressions of mitochondrial-deperdent apoptosis related gene proteins were determined with immunohistochemistry method. Results The number of distal and central cells in different doses of benzene groups were significantly reduced,and accompanied by blood sinus expansion in high dose of benzene group.The apoptotic rates of the cells in middle and high doses of benzene groups were obviously higher than that in control group (Ρ<0.01),and there were also significant differences between high dose group and low,middle doses of benzene groups (Ρ<0.05).The MMP was significantly decreased with the increasing of benzene doses, and there were significant differences between middle,high doses of benzene groups and control group (Ρ<0.05).The number of Bax,CytC positive cells in different doses of benzene groups and the number of Caspase-9,Caspase-3 positive cells in middle and high doses of benzene groups were significantly increased compared with control group(Ρ<0.05);the number of Bcl-2 positive cells in different doses of benzene groups was decreased(Ρ<0.05),and number of Bcl-2 positive cells in middle and high doses of benzene groups was decreased compared with low dose of benzene group (P<0.05). Conclusion Benzene with certain dose can induce the apoptosis of mouse bone marrow cells, and promote the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis related gene proteins. Benzene-induced apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway may be an important mechanism of bone marrow toxicity induced by benzene.

BACKGROUND: Thermosensitive hydrogel has made great progresses in drug carrier and tissue engineering. However, its phase-transition temperature is lower than human body temperature, so it has not been used as implants. OBJECTIVE: To prepare and evaluate the biocompatibility of a thermosensitive hydrogel poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-hydroxymethylacrylamide)[P(NIPAAm-co-NHMPA)] In vitro so as to assess its safety as a medical implant.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Material experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Chemical Department from January to October 2007.MATERIALS: L929 mice fibroblast line was provided by Professor Chen, Stomatology Hospital of Wuhan University. N-isopropylacrylamide and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide were purchased from Aldrich.METHODS: Using ammonium persulfate and tetramethylethylenediamine as oxidateion-reduction initiation system and N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinking agent, mass fraction 8.5% N-hydroxymethylacrylamide was added to the reaction system. The N-isopropylacrylamide and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide were dissolved in deionized water and reacted with N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide, ammonium persulfate and tetramethylethylenediamine at room temperature for 3 hours. The colorless transparent cylinder gel was obtained, soaked in deionized water and dried.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Biocompatibility in vitro of the material was validated by cytotoxicity test, cells/scaffolds interaction test, hemolysis test and pyrogen test in vitro.RESULTS: Synthesized hydrogel showed thermosensitive character as expected and the lower critical solution temperature was 38 ℃. The toxicity rate was grade 0-1. Through the scanning electron microscopy, cells and scaffolds were tightly attached, producing a perfect interface, and the shape of cells was all right. Hemolysis rate was 2.54%. No pyrogen reaction was found. CONCLUSION: P(NIPAAm-co-NHMPA) has been successfully prepared with good biocompatibility in vitro and might become a good medical implant for clinical use.

Objective To explore the rationale therapy method of hysteroscopic surgery for cesarean scar pregnancy. Methods A retrospective review of medical records of 64 patients with cesarean scar pregnancy admitted in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2006 to April 2009 was performed, 27 cases out of them were referred from other institutions, and received various interventions before admission, while 37 cases were admitted to our hospital without prior treatments. Results The diagnosis was confirmed by serum human chorionic gunadotropin-beta subunit (β-hCG) and ultrasound.Sixty-three patients were removed of conceptive tissues underwent hysteroscopy assisted by ultrasonic guidance, while 1 patient underwent hysteroscopic removal of conceptive tissues assisted by laparoscopic surveillance. Seven cases of sixty-four were experienced second salvage operation. Pathological examinations were performed for all cases and 1 case was diagnosed to be choriocarcinoma. Conclusion Hysteroscopic removal of conceptive tissues implanted in the cesarean section scar seems to be a feasible and safe procedure that might be considered as a treatment option and it should be monitor the levels of β-hCG and the residual lesions after surgery.