OBJECTIVE:To provide reference material for improving the competitive capacity of pharmaceutical enter?prises in China.METHODS:Using the general principle of internationized management theory,the present situation,superiority and inferiority of China's pharmaceutical enterprises in management were analysed,and the strategy of internationized man?agement was put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:China's pharmaceutical enterprises are facing opportunity and chal?lenge,only through rational,large-scaled,concentrated and internationized management can their market competitive power be raised.

Objective To translate the English version of Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) into Chinese,and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of SAQ. Methods The SAQ was developed into Chinese version through translation, back-translation and cross-culture adaption. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of SAQ were tested in 823 first-line nurse managers in Henan. Results The scale content validity index was 0.90 of the Chinese SAQ, and the item content validity index ranged from 0.83 to 0.96. The correlations between the items and the full scale, the dimensions and the full scale separately ranged from 0.32 to 0.64 and 0.50 to 0.81 (P<0.01). The confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a good model fit for the six dimensions and the full construct, the goodness-of-fit index was 0.96, Tucker-Lewis index was 0.93, comparative fit index was 0.95, and root mean square error of approximation was 0.06. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.913 and for the six dimensions were 0.565, 0.655, 0.825, 0.804, 0.880, 0.725 separately, the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.934. Conclusions The Chinese version of SAQ is a valid and reliable tool to assess the safety culture of first-line nurse managers in Chinese hospitals.

Objective To observe effects of auricular-point plaster therapy on children simple obesity.Methods A total of 97 children of simple obesity were treated with auricular-point plaster.Body mass index was measured before and after the treatment.Therapeutic effects and positive changes of auricle were also observed.ResultsBody mass index decreased significantly(P＜0.01)after the treatment as compared to the pre-treatment(t=3.142,P＜0.01).Positive changes of auricle reduced.Auricular-point plaster showed therapeutic effects on obesity in different extents.Conclusion Auricular-point plaster was effective in treating children with simple obesity.

Objective To evaluate results and demonstrate problems of Scandinavian total ankle replacement (STAR) in patients with ankle arthritis and clarify its role as a growing alternatives to ankle fusion.Methods Retrospectively analyzed 43 patients who had total ankle replacement from May 1999 to January 2013.All cases were evaluated with interview focusing on pain,daily activities and clinical and radiologic examinations.The average age of patients was 46 (range,35 to 56) years old.Among these cases,9 patients suffered from posttraumatic arthritis,25 osteoarthritis,5 rheumatoid arthritis and 4 avascular necrosis of the talar body.All patients complained about ankle joint pain and swelling as well as limited ROM of joint.Results Mean follow-up was 6.7 (1.5 to 12 years) years.37 cases had complete follow-up.The average preoperative ankle score was 27.0± 10.5,pain degree score was 16.5± 12.8,joint function score was 10.6±7.4,ROM score was 8.2±5.2.The average preoperative ankle score was 86.5±13.2,pain degree score was 49.5±4.5,joint function score was 19.7±9.5,ROM score was 19.2±3.2.The indicatiors compared with preoperative,postoperative differences have statistical significance.The score of postoperative Kofoed were divided into excellent 35 cases,good 1 case and poor 1 case,excellent and good rate was 97.3％.The American orthopaedic foot and ankle society (AOFAS) scoring system was improved from 40.5 preoperatively to 80.6 postoperatively.No postoperative loosening or migrating of the prosthesis was noted.Conclusion It was demonstrated that the standardized and normalized operative techniques as well as operative tools closely matched to the prosthesis could achieve favorable outcomes according to the clinical and radiographic outcomes and overall acceptable cornplication rates in the present study.STAR was a choice for the patients with advanced osteoarthritis,posttraumatic arthritis,rheumatic arthritis and avascular necrosis of the talar body.

Object To establish a process for the preparation of QINGXUE JIANGZHI CAPSULE(Hemocathartic Antilipemia Capsule)  Methods The study was carried out by uniform experimental design guided by the content of total organic acid and polysaccharide in the resulting preparation, to optimize the ratio of solvents used for the extraction, time needed for the decoction and alcoholic concentration for precipitation Results The most favorable preparative conditions were: decocting the drug twice with 10 times of water for 60 min each time, and precipitate the product at a concentration of 50% alcohol Conclusion Products prepared by this process ensured the content of total organic acid with no loss of polysaccharides

The bFGF plays an important role in embryonic development of tendons and ligaments and in the healing of injuried tendons and ligaments. The eukaryotic expression plasmid of rat basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene was constructed in order to further investigate the bFGF function in molecular regulatory mechanism in the repair of tendons and ligaments and to provide the foundation for the clinical application. The cDNA fragments of bFGF were cloned from the skin of rats by RT-PCR, and recombinated to the pMD18-T vector. The cDNA encoding bFGF was cloned from the pMD18-T vector by RT-PCR, digested with restriction enzyme EcoR I Pst I and bound to eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP to construct eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-bFGF. The pIRES2-EGFP-bFGF was transfected into the tenocytes by lipid-mediated ransfection technique. MTT test was used to detect the biological activity of bFGF in supernatants after the transfection. The expression of type I and III collagen genes was detected by using RT-PCR. It was verified that the pIRES2-EGFP-bFGF was successfully constructed, and its transfection into tenocytes could significantly enhance the biological activity of bFGF, and increase the expression of type I and III collagen mRNA, suggesting that pIRES2-EGFP-mediated bFGF gene therapy was beneficial to the repair of tendons and ligaments.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy for Crowe Ⅳ developmental dysplasia of the hip.Methods From September 2003 to September 2012,21 patients (24 hips) underwent total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy for Crowe Ⅳ developmental dysplasia of the hip in our hospital.There were 3 males and 18 females,aged from 28 to 71 years (average,54±10 years).The ceramicpolyethylene articulation was used in 17 patients (20 hips),and metal-polyethylene articulation in 4 patients (4 hips).The osteotomy site was treated with autologous bone graft in 18 patients (21 hips) and allogeneic bone graft in 3 patients (3 hips).The Harris hip score was used to assess the clinical results.Results A total of 18 patients were followed up for 0.5 to 9 years (average,3.5 years).The Harris hip score was improved from preoperative 47.9±9.1 to 88.4±3.5 at 6 months postoperatively.For most patients,hip pain relieved significantly; range of motion of the hip was improved,and the gait returned to normal.Sciatic nerve palsy occurred in 1 patient.There was no wound infection.X-rays 6 months after operation showed that the position of prostheses was satisfactory,without loosening of prostheses and bone block resorption.Conclusion Total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy can achieve good clinical effect in Crowe Ⅳ developmental dysplasia of the hip.Moreover,it can improve leg length discrepancy and decrease the risk of sciatic nerve injury.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the methods and clinical outcome to treat Crowe type Ⅳ developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in young adults with total hip arthroplasty (THA) after limb-lengthing with external fixator.Methods From October 2007 to January 2012,12 patients with unilateral Crowe type Ⅳ DDH were treated with two-staged surgical method in our department.There were 2 males and 10 females with an average age of 25.7 years (range,18-35 years).In the first stage,the patients underwent soft tissue relaxation and iliofemoral distraction with use of an external fixator for 10-17 days.There were 1-2 cm distraction at the first time and 3-5 mm daily distraction.When the femoral head was distracted to the level of anatomical position,the second stage-THA was performed.All patients underwent uncemented prosthesis with bulk femoral head autograft for acetabular reconstruction.The acetabular cup was placed in the anatomical position in every patient.Shortening femoral osteotomies were not required.Results The mean time of first operation was 35.2±3.6 min,and hospital stay was 13.3±1.6 days.The mean time of second operation was 77.3±12.4 min,and hospital stay was 9.2±2.5 days.The average follow-up was 13.6±3.2 months,limb-length discrepancy was 5.6±1.5 cm on average preoperatively and 0.5±0.2 cm on average postoperatively.The Harris hip score was increased from 45.7±2.6 preoperatively to 92.3±3.3 postoperatively.All of the cases had acquired good hip and knee function.No patient suffered pin-site infection,hip joint infection,prosthesis loosening or deep vein thrombosis in our research.Transient nerve palsy occurred during the leg limb lengthening in 3 cases; calf skin numbness after THA occurred in 5 cases.Conclusion For the Crowe type Ⅳ DDH in young adults,normal limb length can be restored nearly and avoid nerve injury via continuously limb-lengthing with external fixator before THA.This method can get precise results,improve limb function significantly and have fewer complications.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of the contents of the related substances in metoclopramide.METHODS: The sample was separated on C18 column with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.02 mol?L-1 phosphonic acid solution(19∶81) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 275 nm;the column temperature was kept under room temperature and the injected volume was 20 ?L.The contents of the related substances in metoclopramide were computed by self-control method of main constituent.RESULTS: Under the above described chromatographic conditions,metoclopramide was completely separated from its impurities.A good linearity between impurities' peak area and metoclopramide(contrast solution) concentration was achieved when the concentrations of impurities were over the range of 0.05%～4.0%.The lowest detectable limit of metoclopramide was 0.3 ng,and the contents of the related substances were all less than 0.26%.CONCLUSION: The method is convenient,accurate,sensitive and,specific,and it can be used for the determination of the related substances in metoclopramide.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of deep acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23) and Yifeng (TE 17) combined with swallowing training for post-stroke dysphagia.

METHODSSixty cases of post-stroke dys phagia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. Patients in the observation group, based on the regular acupuncture treatment, were treated with deep acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23) and Yifeng (TE 17), once a day, 30 min per treatment; also swallowing training was combined, twice a day, 20 min per treatment. Patients in the control group were treated with swallowing training. All the patients were treated with regular treatment of stroke. Six days of treatment were taken as one session, and totally 3 sessions were given with an interval of one day between sessions. The video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) dysphagia evaluation scale and Watian water swallow test (WWST) were evaluated before and after treatment also the clinical efficacy and the recovery time of two groups were compared.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the VFSS score in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group (P < 0.01); the WWST in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group (P < 0.01). The cured rate was 70.0% (21/30) in the observation group, which was significantly superior to 43.3% (13/30) in the control group (P < 0.01); the total effective rate was 86.7% (26/30) in the observation group, which was significantly superior to 66.7% (20/30) in the control group (both P < 0.01). The clinical recovery time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDeep acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23) and Yifeng (TE 17) combined with swallowing training could effectively improve post-stroke swallow function.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome