Phase separation immunoassay (PSI) combines some advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous immunoassays by carrying out a fast homogeneous immune reaction and a simple heterogeneous separation process. The method is readily amenable to automation. The principle of PSI is introduced. The carriers, the immobilization modes, the labels, the applications and the development of PSI are comprehensively reviewed with 60 References.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the time of aerosol inhalation using Budesonide Suspension and Mucosolvan drived by oxygen on prevention of pharyngeal and oral mucosa damage induced by radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS All 108 cases with NPC were divided into 4 groups, each group 27 cases. In 3 treatment groups,aerosol inhalation using Budesonide Suspension and Mucosolvan drived by oxygen were began at the initial , after 5 times, after 10 times radiotherapy respectively. In control group, aerosol inhalation was not used. The rates of third degree of pharyngeal and oral mucosa injury during different dose of radiotherapy were compared among the 4 groups. RESULTS At the dose below 30 Gy, there were no case of third degree of pharyngeal and oral mucosa injury occurred in 3 treatment groups, one case in control group. At the dose of 30 to 40 Gy, third degree injury occurred in all groups, there was no statistical difference among the 4 groups. At the dose over 40 Gy, the patients of third degree injury in group 1 and 2 were less than that in control group. There was no difference between group 3 and control group. CONCLUSION The right time of aerosol inhalation using Budesonide Suspension and Mucosolvan drived by oxygen for prevention of pharyngeal and oral mucosa complication induced by radiotherapy in NPC is at 5 to 10 times after radiotherapy.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of hysteroscopic scar defect correction in the treatment of cesarean scar.Methods Eighty-four cases patients with cesarean section uterine incision scars who were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University from August 2015 to July 2016 were selected and randomly divided into observation group with hysteroscopic surgery and control group with vaginal surgery,42 cases in each group.The operation condition,clinical efficacy and the incidence of complications of the two groups were observed and compared.Results The amomt of blood loss,hospitalization expenses,hospitalization time and operation time in the observation group were (22.45±3.78) ml,(3028.89±218.79) yuan,(3.89 ±0.80) d,(20.13±2.90) min respectively,in the control group were (40.56±5.48) ml,(4189.58±269.78)yuan,(5.46 ± 1.02) d,(30.78 ± 6.99) min respectively,the differences were significant (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of infection,relapse and incisional wound healing in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group,the differences were significant (P＜0.05).The total effective rate was 90.48％ in the observation group and 85.71％ in the control group after treatment,the difference was not significant(P ＞0.05).Conclusion Hysteroscopic scar repair has the same effect as that of vaginal surgery,but the rate of blood loss and complication is lower than that of vaginal operation,which is safer and more effective.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dezocine on diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP ) and expression of NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) in the spinal dorsal horns of rats .Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats , aged 4 weeks , weighing 150-170 g , with DNP induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg (successful induction of diabetes was defined as blood glucose >16.7 mmol/L) , were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table:DNP group and dezocine group (group D) .Twenty-four normal rats were chosen and served as normal control group (group C) .In group D , dezocine 2.52 mg/kg was injected intramuscularly once a day for 7 consecutive days starting from 2nd week after STZ injection ,while the rats in DNP and C groups received the equal volume of normal saline .Paw withdrawl threshold (PWT) to mechanical stimulation was measured before dezocine injection (T0 ) ,and on 1st ,3rd ,5th and 7th days after dezocine injection (T1-4 ) and on 7th day after the end of dezocine injection (T5 ) .Twelve rats in each group were sacrificed after measurement of PWT at T4 ,and T5 .The lumbar segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of NR2B protein expression (by immuno-histochemistry and Western blot ) and NR2B mRNA expression (by RT-PCR ) in the spinal dorsal horns .Results Compared with group C ,the PWT at T0-5 in group DNP and at T0 and T5 in group D was significantly decreased , and the expression of NR2B protein and mRNA at T4 ,5 in DNP group and at T5 in D group was up-regulated ( P<0.05) .Compared with group DNP ,the PWT was significantly increased at T1-4 ,the expression of NR2B protein and mRNA was down-regulated at T4 ( P<0.05) ,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above at T5 in group D ( P>0.05) . The PWT was significantly lower at T0 and T5 ,and the expression of NR2B protein and mRNA was higher at T5 than at T4 in group D ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Dezocine can effectively relieve DNP in rats and inhibition of NR2B expression in the spinal dorsal horns is involved in the mechanism .

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determining recombinant human calmodulin B subunit(rhCNB)in rat plas-ma,and study its pharmacokinetics characteristics. METHODS:ELISA double-antibody sandwich method was adopted. 1 μg/ml rhCNB monoclonal antibody mAb was wrapped,added to the to-be-test sample,rhCNB polyclonal antibody pAb(dilution ratio of 1∶5 000)and HRP-labeled conjugate of anti-IgG(dilution ratio of 1∶10 000)were added. Using tetramethylbenzidine for develop-ing,microplate reader was conducted in wavelength of 450 nm to determine the absorbance value(OD value)and plasma concen-tration of 6 rats after 2,15,30,60,120,240,480,720 min of iv 2.5 mg/kg rhCNB,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by BAPP 3.0 software. RESULTS:The linear range of rhCNB were 0.195-12.5 ng/ml(r2=0.995 0),lower limit of quan-titation was 0.195 ng/ml,accuracy were 97.300%-103.622%(RSD<7.5%,n=6);RSDs of within-batch,inter-batch,freezing and thawing 3 times were no higher than 8.5%(n=6,18,15). rhCNB pharmacokinetics characteristics in rat fitted to two-com-partment model,AUC0-720 min was 173.038 mg·min/L and t1/2 was 94.62 min. CONCLUSIONS:The established method has high specificity and sensitivity,good accuracy and precision,which can be used for rhCNB quantitative detection and pharmacokinetics study in biological samples.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the common rule hepatic energy metabolism on rats by six cold property of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM).

METHODThe activities of Na+ - K+ - ATPase, Ca2+ - ATPase and SDH, the content of hepatic glycogen, and the mRNA expression of hepatic uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) were measured after the rats and been administrated with water extracts of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Fructus Gardeniae, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Gentianae respectively at 6.0, 7.0, 8.4, 6.0, 7.0, 4.0 g x kg(-1) doses for 30 days, twice a day.

RESULTThe activities of Na+ - K+ - ATPase, Ca2+ - ATPase and SDH were depressed significantly by six cold property TCM. The decreased tendency of SDH was observed by six cold property of TCM, while statistical significance was obtained in Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Gentianae. The increased tendency of hepatic glycogen content was found by six cold property TCM, while statistical significance was not obtained in six groups. The decreased tendency of the mRNA expression of UCP2 was found by six cold property TCM, while statistical significance was obtained in Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Cortex Phellodendri, and Radix Scutellariae groups.

CONCLUSIONThe six cold property TCM have the good effects on hepatic energy metabolism by decreasing the activity of mitochondria SDH to reduce the production of ATP by decreasing the activities of Na+ - K+ - ATPase, Ca2+ - ATPase to cut down the consumption of ATP, by decreasing the mRNA expression of hepatic UCP2 to decrease the heat production.

Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Gentianaceae ; chemistry ; Ion Channels ; genetics ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Uncoupling Protein 2

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of six cold traditional Chinese medicine on the energy metabolism factors in rats skeletal muscle.

METHODThe activity of Na(+)-K(+) -ATPase, Ca(2+) -ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), the content of muscle glycogen, and the mRNA expression of skeletal muscle uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) were measured after rats having been administrated with water extracts of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Fructus Gardeniae, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, and Radix Gentianae respectively at the dose of 6.0, 7.0, 8.4, 6.0, 7.0, 4.0 g x kg(-1) for 30 days.

RESULTThe activity of Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase has been depressed significantly and the content of skeletal muscle glycogen has been increased remarkably by six cold traditional Chinese medicine. The decreased tendency has been found on activity of Ca(2+) -ATPase and SDH, only the Radix scutellariaeg group decreased the Ca(2+) -ATPase activity significantly (P < 0.05), the SDH activity was decreased high significantly by Radix scutellariae, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Gentianae and significantly by Rhizoma Coptidis. The mRNA expression of UCP3 has been decreased high significantly by all five cold traditional Chinese medicine except Cortex Phellodendri group with the decreased tendency of UCP3 mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONThe cold traditional Chinese medicine has the significant effects on the skeletal muscle energy metabolism by decreasing the utlization of the glucose and the activity of mitochondria SDH to reduce the production of ATP, and depressing the activity of Na(+)-K(+) -ATPase and Ca(2+) -ATPase to cut down the consumption of ATP, by decreasing the mRNA expression of UCP3 to decrease the heat production.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the common rule of hepatic energy metabolism on rats by six traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with hot property.

METHODThe activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Ca2(+)-ATPase and succinate hydrogenase (SDH), the content of hepatic glycogen and the mRNA expression of hepatic uncoupling protein2 (UCP2) were measured after the rats were administrated with water extracts of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli and Cortex Cinnamomi, Fructus Evodiae at the dose of 10.5, 8.4, 6.0, 4.0, 3.5, 4.2 g x kg(-1). respectively in 30 days, twice a day.

RESULTThe activity of Na+(-)K(+)-ATPase has been increased by the six TCM and the statistical significance has been observed in Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, Fructus Evodiae groups. The raising tendency of Ca2(+)-ATPase activity has been observed by the six TCM and the statistical significance has been obtained in Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum group. The activity of SDH has been increaseded by six TCM while statistical significance has been observed except in five groups of the six groups except in Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata group. The content of hepatic glycogen has been decreased significantly by six TCM. No signiticant change of the mRNA expression of UCP2 has been found.

CONCLUSIONTCM has good effects on hepatic energy metabolism by raising the activity of mitochondria SDH to increase the production of ATP and by increasing the activity of Na(+)-K+)-ATPase, Ca2(+)-ATPase to increase the consumption of ATP.

Animals ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Ion Channels ; genetics ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Uncoupling Protein 2

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestation,imaging data and genetics mutation variants of late onset familial Alzheimer's disease concomitant with a novel mutation of presenilin 1.Methods The clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination recordings of the pedigree were analyzed.DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the proband and her sons.Mutational analysis was performed by the next-generation sequencing technology and the mutation event was confirmed by Sanger sequencing technology.Results Two patients of the family presenting as Alzheimer's dementia were late onset.MRI of the proband showed extensive cerebral microbleeds.The gene detection showed p.S289P mutation in the exon 8 of presenilin 1 of the proband.Conclusion Mutation of p.S289P in the presenilin 1 gene may contribute to late onset Alzheimer's disease accompanied by amyloid angiopathy.

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) on endogenous avidin-binding activity (EABA) and to establish an effective way to block EABA in immunohistochemistry.

METHODSSystematically screening EABA in 164 (679 samples) formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tissues including 76 (102 samples) normal tissues and 88 (577 samples) tumor tissues as well as 4 (80 samples) formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded rat normal tissues using tissue array (tissue chip), HIER, immunohistochemistry and egg white solution blocking. In addition, EABA was also examined in 9 (15 samples) human frozen tissues.

RESULTS(1) EABA was detected in frozen tissues. (2) No staining for EABA was seen in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. (3) EABA was revealed after the tissues treated with microwave HIER. (4) The density of signal for EABA was variable from tissue to tissue and cell to cell. (5) The signals of EABA expressed in scatter or diffuse in tissues and in granular form in cytoplasm. (6) EABA was found in a wide range of epithelial tissues, especially in gland epithelia of normal and tumor tissues. These included kidney, adrenal cortex, liver, C cells of thyroid gland, oxyphil cells of parathyroid, fundal gland of stomach, sebaceous gland of skin, duct of salivary; oncocytoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of kidney and thyroid gland, adenolymphoma of parotid, carcinoma of liver cell, adenocarcinoma of stomach, colon, prostate, gall bladder and endometrium, and so on. (7) EABA was easier revealed by higher pH value buffer (EGTA pH 9.0) than that with lower pH value (EDTA pH 8.0 and citrate pH 6.0). (8) The revealed EABA could be effectively blocked using 20% egg white solution.

CONCLUSIONSHIER could unmask EABA in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. The unmasked EABA present in a wide range of human normal and tumor tissues as well as in rat normal tissues. The EABA could influence routine immunohistochemistry staining when using (strept)avidin-horseradish peroxidase detective system. The egg white solution could effectively block EABA and eliminate the influence of EABA on immunohistochemistry.

Animals ; Avidin ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Biotin ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Egg Proteins ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Epitopes ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats