Phase separation immunoassay (PSI) combines some advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous immunoassays by carrying out a fast homogeneous immune reaction and a simple heterogeneous separation process. The method is readily amenable to automation. The principle of PSI is introduced. The carriers, the immobilization modes, the labels, the applications and the development of PSI are comprehensively reviewed with 60 References.

Objective To clone and to identify the core promoter of human TSLCI used for exploring of transcrip-tion regulatory mechanism.Methods A series of different fragments located in the upstream of translation start site of TSLC1 were amplified from human genomic DNA by PCR,and then constructed into pGL3-Basic luciferase re-porter vector.The activity of different fragments in A549 and NCI-H446 cells was examined by a dual-luciferase as-say after transient transfection,and then the core promoter of TSLC1 was identified.Results Among the different constructs,the fragment of -68 ～ -329 bp located in the upstream of ATG showed the strong activity both in A549 cells and NCI-H446 cells,which played an important role in the transcription of TSLC1.Conclusion The fragment of -68 ～ -329 bp located in the upstream of translation start site of TSLC1 might be the core promoter region.

Objective To explore the relationship of serum homocysteine ( Hcy) level with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 594 adults consec-utively sampled from people visiting Fuwai Hospital for physical examination between September and Decem-ber 2012, including 160 MS participants (MS group) and 434 without MS participancs (without MS group). Serum Hcy levels, serum biochemical parameters, and anthropometric measurements of all the participants were collected.Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of serum Hcy levels with MS and its components.Results No significant difference in Hcy levels was observed comparing the MS group and the without MS group [(12.2 ±7.0) μmol/L vs.(12.6 ±8.4) μmol/L, P>0.05].Between participants with and without hyperhomocysteinemia (≥15 μmol/L vs.<15 μmol/L) , no statistically significant differ-ences were observed in prevalence of MS and its metabolic disorders ( MS 27.3% vs.26.9%; high blood pressure 27.3% vs.19.6%; high triglycerides 50.0% vs.48.3%; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 39.8%vs.36.6%; dysglycemia 30.7% vs.32.6%; abdominal obesity 31.8% vs.31.2%; all P >0.05).Among participants having 0 to 5 metabolic abnormalities, there were no significant differences in ser-um Hcy levels [ (12.3 ±7.4) μmol/L; (12.4 ±6.7) μmol/L; (13.2 ±11.2) μmol/L; (12.5 ± 7.8) μmol/L; (11.2 ±2.7) μmol/L; (12.4 ±4.3) μmol/L; all P>0.05].In a binary logistic re-gression model adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein choles-terol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, neither MS nor its components were independent predictors of serum Hcy levels ( all P>0.05 ) .Conclusions Elevated serum Hcy levels are not associated with MS or its components in people without evident cardiovascular diseases .MS and elevated serum Hcy levels may cause cardiovascular diseases via different mechanisms .

Objective Motility is an important physiological characteristic of a mature sperm.Nerve growth factor(NGF) is a protein essential for the development,maintenance and survival of the peripheral and central nervous systems.NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75 are widely expressed in the testis,accessory reproductive organ,and the epididymal sperms.In the present study,we investigated the role of NGF on human sperm motility.Methods Use 0.1,1 and 10 μmol/L concentrations of NGF,on sperm motility study to investigate the optimal concentration.Use CASA to detect Sperm motility changes every 10 minutes in an hour after 10 μmol/L NGF was added to the semen.Results The parameters of sperm motility increased after NGF incubation had significant difference, in particular,VAP,VSL,VCL,BCF and LIN mean were significantly increased more than 32%.MAD,STR,ALH and WOB mean had no notable difference.Furthermore,NGF promotes the sperm motility in a time- and dose- dependent manner.In addition,the enhancement of NGF on sperm motility was more stronger than those of sperm culture medium.Conclusion Our findings suggest that NGF plays a promoted role in human sperm motility.

ObjectiveTo investigate anatomical characteristics of the medial foot vessels and effects of different vascular pedicle skin flaps in repair of foot and ankle trauma.MethodsThirty adult cadaveric lower limbs were injected with red latex through the popliteal artery and posterior tibial artery to anatomically observe the cutaneous arterial origin,branches,distribution and anastomosis of the medial foot.Then,anterior medial malleolar artery perforator flaps and distally-based medial foot flaps were harvested and used for repairing foot and ankle trauma of 16 patients.Results The origin of cutaneous blood vessels of the medial foot was diversified and mainly included the anterior medial malleolar artery,medial tarsal artery,and arterial arcades anastomosing with anterior posterior branches of the two former arteries and the superficial branches of plantar digital artery and the medial plantar artery.According to distribution area of the anterior medial malleolar artery and the medial tarsal artery,the vascular anatomy of the medial foot skin was classified into three types.Clinically,all the flaps survived.Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 20 months,which showed normal color,good shape and good pain and warm sensation of the flaps.ConclusionThe anterior medial malleolar artery perforator flaps present good reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the ankle,whereas the distally-based medial foot flaps present good reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the mid-forefoot.

Objective To evaluate the antitumor effect of corosolic acid and its impact on CAM and YSM angiogenesis.Methods The effects of CRA on A549 proliferation was studied by MTT method in vitro.Tumor-bruden nude mice model were established by injecting A549 lung cancer cell marked with bioluminescent to nude mice,and the growth of tumor in mice were detected by IVIS small animal in vivo imaging system.Experiment of chicken embryos eggs are used to observe the role of drugs on CAMand YSMblood vessels. Results The value of IC50 of CRA for A549 in vitro was 26.8μg/mL.A tumor-burdened animal experiment results showed that the CRA to A549 solid tumor has a certain therapeutic effect.CAM and YSM blood vessels of chicken embryos eggs treated with CRA were decreased significantly than negative control group.Conclusion CRA has certain therapeutic effect for A549,which may be related to the inhibition of angiogenesis in tumor tissues.

Objective:To deeply study and explore the cognitive and barrier factors of clinical nurses' nutrition management in patients with pressure injury (PI), and provide evidence for developing quantifiable standardized management model and strengthening individualized nutrition management.Methods:A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted with 11 nurses. The NVivo10.0 software and Colaizzi's 7-step analysis of phenomenological data were used to analyze interview data.Results:The study summarized four themes that hindered nutrition management: subjective judgment bias; education training lags behind and radiates one-sided; lack of policy and configuration; conflict between workload, roles and perceptions.Conclusions:There are many obstacles to the implementation of nutrition management in patients with PI. An objective, feasible and standardized nutrition management plan should be established, support should be provided by policy, configuration and information system, and relevant knowledge training and multi-team cooperation should be strengthened to improve patient life.

Ultrasound, serveing as an oscillating source, can induce cavitation in liquids; and the bubble produced in this process is a very promising kind of vector for gene delivery and drug target release, owing to its unique properties. This article involves the cavitation mechanism, the control over sonoporation, and the influence of ultrasound contrast agent. The status quo of research and the challenges encountered are discussed. This overview is devoted to providing a theoretical basis for clinical use of cavitating bubble vector.
Animals ; Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Microbubbles ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods ; Ultrasonics

AIM: To investigate the effect of neferine (Nef) on human gastric carcinoma cell line with multidrug resistance (MDR). METHODS: The cytotoxic effect of vincristine (VCR) was evaluated by MTT assay. The cell apoptosis induced by VCR was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP) in cells was examined by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. RESULTS: MTT assay showed that Nef at the concentration of 5 ?mol?L~(-1) to 10 ?mol?L~(-1) have no cytotoxicity to parent human gastric carcinoma cell line (SGC7901) and its VCR-resistant variant cell line (SGC7901/VCR). The IC_(50) value of VCR to SGC7901 cell line was 0.06 mg?L~(-1)and that of to SGC7901/VCR cell line was 2.32 mg?L~(-1), which indicated SGC7901/VCR cell line were 39 times more resistant to VCR in comparison with the parent SGC7901 cell line. After treatment with Nef at the concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10 ?mol?L~(-1), the IC_(50) value of VCR to SGC7901/VCR cell line decreased to 0.34, 0.12 and 0.05 mg?L~(-1), respectively and those increased by 6.8-, 18.1- and 43.8- fold in the chemosensitivity, respectively. Flow cytometry showed that SGC7901/VCR cells were resistant to apoptosis induced by VCR. After 24 h treatment with Nef (2.5, 5 and 10 ?mol?L~(-1)) and VCR, the apoptosis of SGC7901/VCR cells increased, which indicated Nef could abolish resistance of SGC7901/VCR cells to VCR-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the action of Nef was more potent than verapamil. The expression of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance associated protein was strongly positive in SGC7901/VCR cells, and the expression level of P-gp and MRP in SGC701/VCR cells was significantly down-regulated at 24 h after treatment with Nef (10 ?mol?L~(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: Nef can reverse MDR in multidrug-resistant human gastric carcinoma SGC7901/VCR cell line. Its mechanism might be associated with down-regulation of expression of P-gp and MRP in SGC7901/VCR cells.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determining recombinant human calmodulin B subunit(rhCNB)in rat plas-ma,and study its pharmacokinetics characteristics. METHODS:ELISA double-antibody sandwich method was adopted. 1 μg/ml rhCNB monoclonal antibody mAb was wrapped,added to the to-be-test sample,rhCNB polyclonal antibody pAb(dilution ratio of 1∶5 000)and HRP-labeled conjugate of anti-IgG(dilution ratio of 1∶10 000)were added. Using tetramethylbenzidine for develop-ing,microplate reader was conducted in wavelength of 450 nm to determine the absorbance value(OD value)and plasma concen-tration of 6 rats after 2,15,30,60,120,240,480,720 min of iv 2.5 mg/kg rhCNB,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by BAPP 3.0 software. RESULTS:The linear range of rhCNB were 0.195-12.5 ng/ml(r2=0.995 0),lower limit of quan-titation was 0.195 ng/ml,accuracy were 97.300%-103.622%(RSD<7.5%,n=6);RSDs of within-batch,inter-batch,freezing and thawing 3 times were no higher than 8.5%(n=6,18,15). rhCNB pharmacokinetics characteristics in rat fitted to two-com-partment model,AUC0-720 min was 173.038 mg·min/L and t1/2 was 94.62 min. CONCLUSIONS:The established method has high specificity and sensitivity,good accuracy and precision,which can be used for rhCNB quantitative detection and pharmacokinetics study in biological samples.