Most diseases are complex genetic traits caused by multiple genetic and environmental components. It has been proposed that common genetic variations, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), influence the susceptibility to complex diseases. We have conducted an extensive review on the characters of SNPs, the related website information, and the genotyping methods of SNPs such as direct sequencing, SnaPshot, Taqman, real time quantitative (kinetic) PCR with allele specific amplification, denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, and OLA/PCR.The strategies for studying the relation between SNPs and complex diseases susceptible genes were also reviewed.

Objective: To investigate the structural characteristics and the primary functions of antigen gene cC1. Meth-ods: The primary and the secondary structures were analyzed using bioinformatics programs provided by Internet servers.The predicted 3D structure of cC1 was established by homology protein modeling method. Anticoagulant activity of GST-anx32 was assayed by modified kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT). Results: cC1 had high homology to annexinsgenes both at nucleic acid and at amino acid level. It contained 4 homologous regions, and each region included the typical an-nexin motif "G-X-G-T (38 residues)-D/E". The results of KPTT assay showed that the recombinant protein GST-anx32 hadhigh anticoagulant activity. Conclusion: cC1 has the common structures of annexins but the homology to the extant annexinsis no more than 48%, cC1 is a member of a novel annexin subfamily and designed as annexin32.

Objective:To explore the effects of infant sleep patterns on maternal sleep quality.Methods:Three hundred and nineteen pairs of mothers and infants from two grade three class-a hospitals in Nantong City were enrolled. Infant sleep patterns were assessed by the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). Maternal sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The effect of infant sleep patterns on maternal sleep quality was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed with multivariate analysis.Results:The maternal sleep quality scored 7.08±2.60. Single factor analysis pointed out that the sleep quality of women whose infants slept in bed near parents, woke up more than 3 times a night, was nocturnal wakefulness more than 60 minutes or nocturnal sleep duration less than 8 hours was significantly worse. After controlling for confounding variables, the way of baby falling asleep, numbers of night wakings, nocturnal sleep duration, maternal age, infant′s gender and primary caregiver were independent factors of maternal sleep quality.Conclusion:Infant sleep pattern is an important factor affecting maternal sleep quality. Nurses should provide information about the sleep patterns of infants to mothers and their family members to promote their babies′ sleep habits so as to improve the maternal sleep quality.

Objective: To study the effect of XRK on mice's acute inflammation. Methods:The three XRL groups were fed on XRK of high, middle and low dosage, the positive group was fed on mezolin, and the control group was fed on distilled water. All groups were fed for three days, once per day. 30 minutes after the last treatment, Xylene (0.05 ml) was spreaded on mice's right ear in two sides, 15 minutes later, mice were put to death and its two ears were cut in same area, then weighed, calculated the swelling degree of its ears. Results: ① The swelling degrees in the three XRL groups were all lower significantly than that in the control group ( P

Objective To analyse the immunostimulatory activity of CpG sequences in cysticercus cellulosae paramyosin (also named Antigen B,AgB)cDNA. Methods C57BL/6 mice were immunized with pcDNA3 AgB plasmid,pcDNA3 AgB′(CpG sequences were mutated),pcDNA3 or AgB protein and two weeks later,immune response was assayed by ELISA. Results IgG and IgG 2a were detectable at week 2 after immunization and continually increased until week 4.The antibody levels elicited by pcDNA3 AgB were significantly higher( P

Objective: To investigate changes of the endothelin-1(ET-1) and its receptor (endothelin receptor subtype A, ET AR ) mRNA expression in some organs(kidney, lung and small intestinal mucous membrane) in the sepsis and septic shock rats. Methods: Twenty-four male rats randomized into sepsis group, septic shock group, control and normal group was infused with endotoxin(LPS) via indwelling right atria catheters except normal and control group. RT-PCR was used to detect kidney, lung and small intestinal mucous membrane tissue mRNA expression of the ET-1 , ET AR and glucose-6-phospho dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) in every group.Serum BUN, Cr, ALT and A were determined. The arterial oxygen tension (PaO 2) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO 2)were measured in every group. Results: ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA expression in the sepsis group and septic shock group were significantly higher than in normal group. There were significant differences between the normal/control group and sepsis/shock group in BUN,Cr,ALT,PaO 2 and PaCO 2. Conclusion: A higher expression of ET-1 mRNA and ET AR mRNA may be one of the startup factors on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and may play an important role on pathogenesis in sepsis and septic shock.

BACKGROUND: The association of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene polymorphisms with the onset and development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been the focus of studies on AS in the field of genetics.OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of the polymophisms of TNF-α promoter gene at positions-308 and -238 with AS susceptibility and clinical pathological changes.DESIGN: A case-control study.SETTING:The Rheumatic Immunology Department of Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally, 108 AS patients were recruited from Rheumatic Immunology Department of Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from January 1999 to December 2003 ,they had no kinship. The ratio of men to women was 5.3: 1. They aged from 13 to 71 (30-± 12) years old, and AS was divided into Ⅰ- Ⅳ radiographic stages according to the sacro-iliac joint damage. A total of 100 healthy controls were randomly selected from the blood donators(Shanghai Hospital) who were aged from 19 -56 (33 ±9) years old, and the ratio of men to women was 4.9: 1. Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects.ti-coagulated with EDTA. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and purification of the TNF-α promoter region was made and the sequence of polymerase chain reaction products was examined and displayed by Chromas 1.62 softcorresponding radiographic stage of sacro-iliac joint damage was assessed to investigate the influence of gene polymorphisms on AS.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: DNA direct sequencing method was used to detect -238 and -308 allele phenotypes for investigating the association with clinical presentations.G and -238G/A allele was 98.1% (106 cases) and1. 9% (2 cases) respectively in AS group and 95.0% (95 cases) and 5.0% (5 cases) respecquency of TNF-α promoter gene at positions -308. 1.1(G/G) and - 308.1.2(G/A) alleles was 82.4% (89 cases) and 17.6% (192 cases) respectively in AS group, which was not significantly different compared respectively with 85.0% (85 cases) and 14.0% (14 cases) of the control of sacro-iliac joint damage and the frequency of TNF-α promoter gene at the position of - 308 (G/G) and (G/A): AS patients with(G/G) phenotype who were confirmed of radiographic stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ were observed in 3/35/40/11cases,compared with (G/A) phenotype of 1/12/6/0 cases.The difference was statistically significant (χ2GMH = 4.77, P ＜ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the polymorphisms of TNF-α promoter gene at positions of - 238 and - 308 allele has no association with AS susceptibility, but the polymorphisms of TNF - α promoter gene at the position of -308 might exert great influence on AS according to the radiographic stage of sacro-iliac joint damage.

Objective:To make bibliometric analysis of Debriefing related research papers, and to lay a foundation for further research.Methods:A bibliometric analysis was conducted on the distribution of years, nations, institutions, the situation of citations, and main research contents of Debriefing related researches.Results:Analysis of the distribution of the publication years of Debriefing related literature indicated that since the relevant literature of Debriefing had been reported in 1979, its publication volume has been increasing year by year, mainly published by the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and other countries. In addition, most journals that publish more literature on Debriefing are related to medical education, and most of the highly cited studies focus on relevant research theories based on Debriefing. Debriefing may be mainly applied in clinical teaching, nursing students' simulation teaching and training and its clinical application, among which nursing, psychiatry, emergency, internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, anesthesiology, and other departments are common.Conclusion:Through the bibliometric analysis of Debriefing related research papers, this paper has a preliminary understanding of the status quo and hotspots of this field, which lays a good foundation for the subsequent research.

Objective To retrieve,analyse and integrate the best evidences in perioperative fluid management for elderly patients with hip fracture,therefore to provide references for patient care.Methods Following the 6S evidence model,databases and websites were searched to collect the evidences on perioperative fluid management of elderly patients with hip fracture.The searched databases including BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,AAOS Clinical Practice Guidelines,ASBMR,ANZHFR,ESTES,NICE,SIGN,JBI,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Embase,PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP database,CEBM Database,Medive,China Science and Technology Journal Database,SinoMed,and other websites about orthopaedics.The searched literatures included guidelines,clinical decision-making,best practices,expert consensus and systematic reviews.The time span for the published literatures was from the inception of the databases and websites to August 2022.Two researchers independently completed quality evaluations of the retrieved literatures,as well as extraction,assessment and integration of the abstracted evidences.Results A total of 15 articles were included,they were 2 guidelines,3 clinical decision-makings,1 best practice,7 expert consensus,and 2 systematic reviews.Thirty pieces of evidence were summarised from 7 aspects,covering multidisciplinary team collaboration,dynamic assessment and monitoring of fluid status,fluid resuscitation,fluid management before and after the surgery and health education.Conclusions This study summarised the best evidences in perioperative fluid management for elderly patients with hip fracture.The evidences provide an evidence-based solution which will enable the healthcare workers to fully combine the clinical scenarios,evaluate changes in fluid volume status dynamically,develope personalised fluid management strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the functional classification of differentially expressed genes in manganese-poisoned rats and related metabolic pathways, and to provide a reference for the study of the mechanism of manganese poisoning and gene regulation in the prevention and treatment of manganese poisoning. Methods: Six healthy specific pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group according to body weight, with 3 rats in each group. Rats in the experimental group were injected intraperitoneally with MnCl₂·4H₂O (25 mg/kg) at 0.2 ml/100 g once every 48 h, and the control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline at the same dose. After one month of exposure, the rats were anesthetized and then sacrificed by cardiac puncture blood collection. The striatum was isolated on ice, and RNA was extracted to establish a DNA data library. Whole genome sequencing was used to identify the differentially expressed genes in the rats with manganese poisoning. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the possible metabolic pathways in which the differentially expressed genes may participate. Results: A total of 18439 genes were detected in the striatum of rats, and 17 differentially expressed genes were screened out. Among them, 10 genes were up-regulated, and 7 genes were down-regulated. According to gene function analysis, 164 functional branches and 26 metabolic pathways with high gene enrichment were screened out. The genes were enriched in synaptic signaling, signal transduction, etc., especially behavioral function. The metabolic pathways with high gene enrichment were endocytosis pathway, PI3K-Akt pathway, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, in which the PI3K-Akt pathway had enrichment of the same differentially expressed gene (29 517) as the FoxO signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway, and the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway had enrichment of the same differentially expressed gene (24 415) as the glutamatergic synaptic pathway. Conclusion The differentially expressed genes in manganese-poisoned rats may influence the susceptibility to manganese poisoning through the PI3K-Akt pathway, mTOR metabolic pathway, or FoxO metabolic pathway, and may be involved in behavioral changes.