Objective: To explore the effects of puerarin on insulin resistance (IR) and abormal lipid and fibrinolytic activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Eighty patients with type 2 DM were divided randomly into two groups: 40 cases in the puerarin group and 40 cases in the routine treatment group. The conventional treatment of the two groups were the same. Additionally, patients in the puerarin group were given puerarin 500 mg in 250 ml of normal saline for intravenous dripping, once a day with a therapeutic course of 3 weeks. The changes of fast blood glucose (FBG), lipid, insulin and plasminogen activator inhibitorCD*21 (PAICD*21) activity were measured before and after treatment,and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated. Forty healthy subjects were taken as controls. Results: ①After 3 weeks of treatment , compared with the control group, in type 2 DM patients, FBG, fast insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLCD*2C) levels and PAICD*21 activity were higher, ISI and HDLCD*2C were lower than those of the healthy controls. FINS and ISI were well correlated with lipid and fibrinolytic abnormality. ②After puerarin treatment, FINS, TC, TG, LDLCD*2C level , and PAICD*21 activity decreased and ISI, HDLCD*2C increased significantly (all P

Objective　To investigate factors influencing the incidence of massive bleeding caused by stress ulcer in severe acute pancreatiti s (SAP) and explore the effectiveness of measures for its prevention and treatme nt.　Methods　Clinical data of 121 pat ients with SAP were reviewed retrospectively in our center between 1993 and 1998 .The incidence of massive bleeding caused by stress ulcer in SAP, its affecting factors and the results of prevention and treatment were evaluated.　Results　The incidence of stress ulcer massive b leeding in SAP was 11.6% (14/121). The risk factors included the age of patient s, the severity of the disease, concomitant bile duct lithiasis obstruction, pan creatic abscess, pseudocyst and a history of surgical debridement and drainage. Five out of 6 patients treated conservatively died, while only 1 out of 8 treate d surgically died (P＜0.01).　Conclusion　Massive bleeding stress ulcer most often occurred in elderly SAP p atients, especially those of biliogenic, with pancreatic abscess and pseudocyst. Somatostain administration effectively decreases the incidence of bleeding. E mergency operation is mandatory when conservative measures fail to stop the bl eeding.

The combined effect of stepwise intermittent hypoxia and physical training was investigated with ultrasonic cardiography on 12 bikers who were permanent inhabitants at 1895 meters above sea level and were subjecting to physical training under hypoxic condition in a hypobaric chamber. It was found that the internal diameters of the right ventricle and right pulmonary artery of the bikers increased proportionally with the increase of both the altitude and the duration of the physical training. At a simulated altitude of 4000 meters, the cardiac stroke volume and cardiac cutput, the internal diameter of the left ventricle and the left ventricular mass increased markedly as compared with those at sea level. The thickness of the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle also increased. The stroke volume and cardiac output of the bikers increased more significantly at the simulated altitude of 4000m., that at the altitude of 3000m. All these change are still within the physiologic ranges and can be considered as adaptation changes to highaltitude training. NO case of acute mountain sickness occurred in any of the trained bikers.These findings suggest that this intermittent stepwise hypoxic physical training can improve the cardiac function and increase its adaptibility towards hypo-xic conditions.

Objective To investigate the relationship between l evels of FⅦc and features of IR as well as macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.Methods The 2001-10~2002-08 FⅦc levels were measured by a one -stage biological assay in patients with type 2 diabetes and controls.Results (1)Type 2 diabetic patients had significantly higher FⅦc than control subjects.(2)FⅦc levels were higher in the type 2 diabetes w ith macrovascular complications than in those without macrovascular complication s.(3)FⅦc levels correlated positively with most features of IR.Conclusion FⅦc levels are increased in type 2 diabetic pat ients.Elevated FⅦc may be an important sign of IR and may contribute to type 2 diabetes and its macrovascular diseases.

Trichomonas vaginalis parasitizes in human genitourinary tract.The protozoon adhering to target cell plays a critical role in its contact-dependent cytotoxicity.The enzymes synthesized by T.vaginalis can hurt vaginalis epithelial cells(VECs)directly.The focal immune reaction in the location parasitized by the parasite may provide an immunologic protection.Meanwhile,inflammatory factors and immune cells may aggravate the situation.In general,the T.vaginalis-induced contact-dependent cytotoxicity is a result of the involvement of some molecular and chemical factors.

Objective:To explore the factors influencing colonization of Mutans streptococci (MS) on teeth of children.Methods:Dental colonization of MS was investigated in 123 children aged from 7 to 42 months in Beijing. Oral examination was performed. Information of nursing habits, diet history etc. was obtained from parent questionnaires.Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of erupted teeth and the intake of sugar-containing food were positively related with MS colonization, their WALD values were 17.411(P=0.000) and 5.637(P=0.018) respectively,OR values were 3.287 and 2.739 respectively.Conclusion:The main factors influencing the colonization of MS were the number of erupted teeth and the intake of sugar-containing food.

Objective To investigate the auxiliary effects of huaier granule on hepatoeellular carcinoma (HCC)patients after liver transplantation.Methods Sixty HCC patients who had undergone liver transplantation from Julv 2004 to June 2006 and met the standard of UCSF were involved in this study.All patients were divided into huaier granule group(n=20),chemotherapy group(n=15),huaier granule+chemotherapy group (n=15)and control group(n=10).The white blood cell count,liver function,cell immunity and immunologieal reiection were detected.The 1-year tumor recurrence rate wag calculated.Results The white blood cell counts in chemotherapy group 1,3,and 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than that before treatment (F=62.053,58.472,49.807,P＜0.05).The changes of white blood cell counts of the other 3 groups before and aftertreatment were small.The difference on the white blood cell counts of the 4 groups had no statistical 8ignincanee(F=102.361,113.412,87.572,P＜0.05).The NK activity,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,IL-2 level in huaier granule group and huaier granule+chemotherapy group 1,3,6 months after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment,and were significantly higher than those in chemotherapy group and control group(P＜0.05).No immunological rejection occurred in all the groups.Two patients in each group had recurrence and metastasis of HCC within 1 year after the treatment.and the incidence in control group was higher than the other 3 groups(P＜0.05). Conclusions Humer granule can increase the white blood cell count which is decreased after chemotherapy,impmve cellular immunity,and effectively suppress the recurrence and metastasis of HCC at the first year after operation.

Objective To study the key technology and initial results of laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with B posthepatitic cirrhosis.Methods From March 2007 to September 2008,37 HCC patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis were treated with laparoscopic liver resection in our hospital.Results Thirty-two patients received successful total laparoscopic liver resection,3 handassisted laparoscopic liver resection,and 2 were converted to open surgery.Anatomic liver resection was performed in 23 patients including 4 left hepatectomy,8 left lateral segmentectomy,1 extended left hepatectomy,2 right hepatectomy,8 segmentectomy.Fourteen patients underwent nonanatomic liver resection.Liver parenchyma was transected under regional hemi-hepatic blood occlusion in 10 patients,under intermittent Pringle's manoeuvre in 15 cases,and without hepatic blood inflow blockage in 12 cases.The mean operative duration was 212 min(76-435 min)and mean blood loss 354 ml(100-1300 ml).Mortality rate was 0%.Six patients developed 9 postoperative complications including intraabdominal hemorrhage in 1 case,ascites and hydrothorax in 3 and encapsulated effusion of liver section in 2.The mean postoperative hospital stay was 8d(4-15d).In a follow-up from 2 to 21 months,3 patients developed intrahepatic tumor recurrence.One of the 3 patients died 6 months after reoperation,and the other 2 received chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation,respectively.Conclusion Laparoscopic liver resection for HCC with posthepatitic cirrhosis in selected patients is a safe procedure with oncologic efficiency.Its advantages include reduced invasiveness,quick rehabilitation,few postoperative complications and short hospital stay.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-fat diet on fatty acid metabolism, expression and activity of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in skeletal muscle in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats aged 22-24 months were randomly divided into old control (OC) group and high-fat diet (HF) group. Male Wistar rats aged 4-5 months were selected as young control (YC) group. The rats in OC and YC groups were fed with basic diet, and the rats in HF group received high-fat diet. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Skeletal muscle triglyceride was extracted and measured by an automated biochemistry analyzer. Long-chain acetyl coenzyme A (LCACoAs) were extracted from muscle and measured by a fluorospectrophotometer. Protein expressions of ACC and P-ACC were measured using SDS-PAGE and Western blot techniques. Results (1)Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and free fatty acid were higher in OC group than in YC group and they increased significantly in HF group. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TO levels were also elevated after high-fat feeding. (2)Glucose infusion rates (GIR) were reduced in OC group than in YC group, and decreased significantly after high-fat feeding. GIR was lower at the end of the 8th week than at the end of the 4th week in HF group. (3) Compared with YC group, skeletal muscle triglyceride and LCACoAs increased in OC group and increased significantly in HF group. (4)No alterations of protein levels of ACC in skeletal muscle were detected among three groups (P>0.05). The protein levels of P-ACC in skeletal muscle were lower in OC group, and much lower in HF group than in YC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Compared with young rats, abnormal fatty acid metabolism and insulin resistance always exist in aged rats. High-fat feeding results in a significant increase in lipid content in skeletal muscle. Alterations of ACC activity may contribute to fat accumulation in skeletal muscle and insulin resistance.

AIM: To investigate the effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( hUC-MSCs) on the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells ( Saos-2 ) and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS:hUC-MSCs were isolated and cultured by tissue explants adherent method.The cell surface markers on hUC-MSCs were identified by flow cytometry.The effects of conditioned medium ( CM) from hUC-MSCs ( hUC-MSCs-CM) , re-combinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) and IL-6 neutralizing antibody on the proliferation of Saos-2 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay and cell counting.IL-6 secretion of hUC-MSCs was assayed by ELISA.RT-PCR was used to assess the tran-scription level of proliferation-related genes proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA) , cyclin D1 and survivin.The migra-tion potential of hUC-MSCs and Saos-2 cells was measured by Transwell assay.RESULTS:hUC-MSCs migrated to Saos-2 cells.hUC-MSCs-CM contained a high concentration of IL-6, up to (1 835.5 ±134.1) ng/L.hUC-MSCs-CM and rhIL-6 promoted the proliferation and migration of Saos-2 cells.Addition of neutralizing antibody against IL-6 in the hUC-MSCs-CM impaired this proliferation and migration of Saos-2 cells.The mRNA expression of PCNA, cyclin D1 and survivin was up-regulated by hUC-MSCs-CM and rhIL-6, while this effect was dramatically attenuated by treatment with IL-6 neutralizing antibody.CONCLUSION:hUC-MSCs migrate to osteosarcoma cells and promote the proliferation and migration of osteo-sarcoma cells through secreting IL-6 in vitro.