Objective To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer from 1981 to 2002 in Tianjin,China and to predict future trends and facilitate future prevention.Methods All new cancer cases registered in the Tianjin Cancer Registry between 1981 and 2002 were reviewed.Yearly age-specific,crude and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated for males and females.Secular trends of incidence and mortality were indicated by the estimated annual percentage change(EAPC).Results A total of 8206 cases of esophageal cancer were reported in Tianjin form 1981 to 2002,with 5533 males and before 45 years,but increased rapidly after 45 years.The median age of esophageal cancer cases was 69 years,with quartile range from 62 to 75 years.The peak for age specific incidence in females was 75-80 years,which was earlier than that in males(aged 80-85).But recent data indicated that the peak age in females had increased and became similar to that of the males.The crude and age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)of esophageal cancer decreased in last 22 years.For male and female,crude incidence decreased by 2.22% and 3.56% per year and ASIR decreased by 5.18% and 6.56% per year.The mortality of esophageal cancer decreased in the last 22 years.Conclusion The incidence of esophageal cancer decreased in the last 22 years in Tianjin,but there is little overall improvement in survival.

OBJECTIVE To understand the condition of hepatitis B infection among workers of Yellow River Bureau.METHODS On March 2007 326 workers had the physical examination by ELA test in a hospital.RESULTS The positive rate was 11.4% among which HBsAg,HBeAg and HBcAb positive together accounted for 1.5%;HBsAg,HBeAb and HBcAb positive together accounted for 1.5%.CONCLUSIONS Screening hepatitis B and vaccine inoculation are important.

Objective To investigate improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant tumor of the duodenum. Methods The clinical data of 54 patients with primary malignant tumor of the duodenum treated during a period of 6 years were analysed retrospectively. Results Tumors located in the first, second, third and fourth parts accounted for 6 cases(11.1%), 44 cases(81.5%), 2 cases(3.7%), and 2 cases(3.7%) respectively; and among them, ampullary tumor accounted for 38 cases(86.4%) of tumor of descending portion of duodenum and 70.4% of the total number of duodenal tumors. The main clinical presentation included jaundice, upper abdominal pain, weight loss, abdominal distention, and gastrointestinal obstruction. Upper abdominal pain, no positive signs and abdominal mass were found in 72.0%, 20.0% and 8.0% respectively on abdominal examination. Preoperative associated cholecystopathy accounted for 37.0%. The accuracy rate of duodenoscopy and ERCP in preoperative diagnosis was 94.4%, and 77.8% respectively. Preoperative diagnostic accuracy rate was 27.8%. Panceaticoduodenectomy was performed in 38 cases, duodenectonmy in 1 case, palliative resection of tumor in 9 cases, and tumor was inoperable in 6 cases. Radical resection rate was 72.2%. The postoperative 3- and 5-year survival rate was 40.6% and 21.9%, respectively. After palliative resection, death occurred from 1month to 24months. Conclusions The tumors in the ampullary region account for the majority of primary malignant tumors of the duodenum and are mainly adenocarcinoma. The symptoms of advanced stage are complicated, and specific signs on abdominal examination are few. Associated cholecystopathy is relatively ferquent and preoperative accurate diagnostic rate is low. The examinations of first choice are duodenoscopy and ERCP, and radical panceaticoduodenectomy can extend survival time.

Objective To investigate the value of prognosis of NT-proBNP in severe sepsis and septic shock patients .Methods 70 patients with sepsis admitted to our hospital were divided into general sepsis group (n=23) ,severe sepsis group(n=28) and sep-tic shock group(n=19) according to the severity of the disease ,the plasma NT-proBNP ,lactic acid ,C-reactive protein were meas-ured within 1 h after admission ,and calculated the 24 h acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) .Results (1) Plasma NT-proBNP concentration ,lactic acid ,CRP and APACHE Ⅱ score in severe sepsis group ,septic shock group was sig-nificantly higher than that of general sepsis group(P< 0 .05);Plasma NT-proBNP concentration ,CRP and APACHE Ⅱ score in septic shock group was significantly higher than severe sepsis group (P<0 .05) .(2)70 cases of patients with sepsis with 15 cases died and 55 cases survived .Plasma NT-proBNP concentration ,lactate ,CRP and APACHEⅡscore of death patients was significantly higher than the survival patients(P<0 .01) .(3) Plasma NT-proBNP concentration at the time of sepsis patients admitted to hospi-tal with positively correlated to APACHE Ⅱscores(r=0 .528 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion The plasma NT-proBNP is closely related to the prognosis of patients with sepsis ,early detection of plasma concentration of NT-proBNP helps to evaluate the prognosis of pa-tients w ith sepsis .

Objective To analyze the application value of the rapid testing for influenza during 2007-2008 flu season at fever clinic in Beijing Chaoyang hospital Methods 500 patients with diagnosis of influenza-like illness were prospectively enrolled. Pharyngeal swabs were collected for influenza viral culture and rapid testing for influenza. Demographic characteristics, age, symptoms, lab tests, symptom recovery time and medical expense were also collected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for rapid testing were analyzed. Results A total of 500 patients were enrolled between Dec 2007 and March 2008. Among them 498 cases were used for analysis. Influenza B was most common by virus culture methed(n=208,41.8%) ,followed by influenza A (n=51,10.2%). The average age was 35, and the ratio of male to female was 1.47:1. Compared with the group of positive culture, patients with influenza were more likely to get cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion (t=13.728, 4.014and 4.720,P<0.001 or 0.05, respectively). A total of 260 cases were subjected to rapid testing, Among them 18 cases were influenza A positive and 132 cases were influenza B positive. The rapid testing had a sensitivity of 77.1 % and a specificity of 70.1%. The positive predictive value was 78.6% and the negative predictive value was 68.2%. The rapid testing had enhanced the proportion of anti-viral treatment from 0 to 26% and reduced the proportion of antibiotic use from 63.4% to 20. 7%. Conclusions Influenza B is the most predominant pathogen during 2007-2008 flu season among patients with influenza-like illness in Beijing. The rapid testing with high sensitivity and specificity provides guidance on clinical practice.

Objective To explore the value of plasma procalcitonin (PCT)detection in dif-ferentiation and judgment of severe pyemia.Methods 70 patients with pyemia were divided into general pyemia group (n =23),severe pyemia group (n =28)and pyemia shock group (n =19), and plasma PCT,lactic acid,c-reactive protein,the acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ 24 hours (APACHE Ⅱ)and 1,2,3 days in hospital as well as serum PCT,lactic acid,c-reac-tive protein were detected and compared.Results Plasma PCT,lactic acid,CRP and APACHE Ⅱscore of pyemia shock patients were significantly higher than the general pyemia group (P <0.05). Serum PCT,CRP and APACHE Ⅱ score of pyemia shock patients were significantly higher than that of severe pyemia group (P <0.05).15 patients with pyemia died,55 patients survived.72 hours plasma PCT,lactic acid,CRP and APACHE Ⅱ score in death group were significantly higher than the survival group (P < 0.01).When pyemia patients were admitted to hospital,PCT were positively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ scores (r =0.528,P <0.01).Conclusion PCT is superior to the current clinical application of CRP inflammatory response parameters,and it can be used as an early identification of systemic infection,judgment of pyemia severity and prognosis judgment in-dex.

Objective To explore the value of plasma procalcitonin (PCT)detection in dif-ferentiation and judgment of severe pyemia.Methods 70 patients with pyemia were divided into general pyemia group (n =23),severe pyemia group (n =28)and pyemia shock group (n =19), and plasma PCT,lactic acid,c-reactive protein,the acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ 24 hours (APACHE Ⅱ)and 1,2,3 days in hospital as well as serum PCT,lactic acid,c-reac-tive protein were detected and compared.Results Plasma PCT,lactic acid,CRP and APACHE Ⅱscore of pyemia shock patients were significantly higher than the general pyemia group (P <0.05). Serum PCT,CRP and APACHE Ⅱ score of pyemia shock patients were significantly higher than that of severe pyemia group (P <0.05).15 patients with pyemia died,55 patients survived.72 hours plasma PCT,lactic acid,CRP and APACHE Ⅱ score in death group were significantly higher than the survival group (P < 0.01).When pyemia patients were admitted to hospital,PCT were positively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ scores (r =0.528,P <0.01).Conclusion PCT is superior to the current clinical application of CRP inflammatory response parameters,and it can be used as an early identification of systemic infection,judgment of pyemia severity and prognosis judgment in-dex.

Objective:To determine the relative correction factor of pre-vitamin D and simplify the calculation method of vitamin D assay.Methods:By studying the calculation method of vitamin D content in drug standards of various countries,HPLC was used to determine the relative correction factor of pre-vitamin D,and the influencing factors of determination were investigated.Results:The relative correction factors of pre-vitamin D at 254 nm and 265nm wavelength were determined by statistical analysis of 7 laboratories in China.Conclusion:Using the pre-vi-tamin D relative correction factor method to calculate the total amount of vitamin D simplified the experimental steps can be simplified by the pre-vitamin D relative correction factor method to calculate the total amount of vitamin D and the random operating errors can be avoided.The method is rapid and accurate,and lay a solid foundation for further improving the standard of vitamin D preparations.

Objective:To provide reference for establishing the testing method for quality control of neutron beam in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) equipment in China by testing the radiation characteristic parameters and dosimetry characteristic parameters of epithermal neutron beam in hospital neutron irradiator (IHNI).Methods:By comparing the uncertainties in the result of various test items with the deviation values recommended by the European Joint Research Center (EC-JRC), the feasibility of the relevant of testing method was analyzed and evaluated.Results:The uncertainty in epithermal neutron fluence rate was 2.7%. The uncertainty in ratio of thermal to epithermal neutron fluence rate was 3.1%. The uncertainty in ratio of fast neutron air kerma to epithermal neutron fluence rate was 9.3%. The uncertainty in ratio of gamma air kerma to epithermal neutron fluence rate was 8.7%. The uncertainty in spatial distribution of neutron fluence rate was 2.7%. The uncertainty in thermal neutron fluence rate in phantom was 1.8%. The uncertainty in neutron and gamma-ray dose rate in phantom was 17.1% and 4.0%, respectively.Conclusions:The uncertainty in neutron dose rate measurement result in phantom is higher, and further research is needed to improve the accuracy of the testing method. The uncertainty in the measurement result of other test items is lower, and the accuracy of the test result is expected to meet the allowable deviation value recommended by the European Joint Research Center, and the test method is feasible.

OBJECTIVETo develop a qualitative screening method by high performance liquid chromatograph-photo-diode array (HPLC-PDA) and a confirmation method by ultra performance liquid chromatograph-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Qtof-MSMS) for Copper Chlorophyll in olive oils.

METHODSCommercial liposoluble copper chlorophyll diluted by petroleum ether was purified and concentrated by sep-pak silica solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, the injection was separated by symmetry shield RP18 column, and detected by the PDA at the wavelength 430 nm. The injection was separated by ACQUITY UPLC BEH (18)C and determined by UPLC-Qtof-MSMS in negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode, then confirmed by the exact mass of parent ion and secondary fragment ion provided by the mass spectrum. Samples from supermarket were screened for Cu-pyropheophytin a by established method.

RESULTSCu-pyropheophytin a could be used for discrimination as indicative compound whether the olive oils were mixed with copper chlorophyll. 25 samples including olive oil, soybean oil and spirulina from supermarket were screened, Cu-pyropheophytin a was found in one type of olive oil.

CONCLUSIONThis method could be used for screening and qualitative analysis of Copper Chlorophyll in olive oils for its accuracy , reliability and excellent specificity.