Objective To explore the relationship of leptin、 Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and other correlative factors with type 2 diabetic fatty liver. Methods From 2003-10 to 2004-01, we examined leptin、GSH-Px、 blood fat in the serum and BMI、FAT% in 23 cases of type 2 diabetic fatty live、30 cases of type 2 diabetic inpatients and 30 healthy people. Compare their level and analyse the correlation. Results (1)The TG、BMI、FAT% of type 2 diabetic fatty liver patients were significantly higher than that of the others groups. (2)Leptin and GSH-Px of each group had significant changes. Leptin was correlative with FAT% and age. GSH-Px was correlative with age and HDL. Conclusion (1)TG、 BMI and FAT% are important risky factors. (2)There are leptin resistance in type 2 diabetic fatty liver and type 2 diabetes patients and it is influenced by obesity and age. (3)The antioxidant enzyme in the serum of type 2 diabetes patients is reduced and is related with age and HDL.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of different treatment programs for patients with acute organophosphate poisoning (AOPP).MethodsOne hundred and thirty patients with AOPP were divided into treatment group (80 cases) and control group (50 cases) by table of random digit.The treatment group was given atropine intravenous injection combined with pralidoxime chloride ladder intramuscular injection on the basis of the conventional treatment.The control group was given atropine intravenous injection combined with pralidoxime chloride intravenous drip on the basis of conventional treatment.The healing rate,creatine kinase(CK),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),amylase and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between two groups.ResultsThe healing rates of patients with mild,moderate and severe poisoning patients in treatment group were respectively significantly higher than those in control group [ 100.00％(19/19) vs.75.00％(9/12),95.35％(41/43) vs.64.29％(18/28) and 88.89％(16/18) vs.60.00％ (6/10),P ＜0.05].There was no significant difference in CK,AST,amylase and CRP before treatment between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).The CK,AST,amylase and CRP after treatment in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group [ ( 152.3 ± 23.2) U/L vs.(258.5 ± 22.2) U/L,(37.5 ± 11.4) U/L vs.(44.5± 12.4) U/L,(114.2±43.8) U/Lvs.(147.3 ±61.4) U/L,(5.7±4.1)mg/Lvs.(9.8±5.2)mg/L,P ＜0.05].Conclusions The use of atropine intravenous injection combined with pralidoxime chloride ladder intramuscular injection for mild,moderate and severe AOPP patients is excellent in therapeutic effects,and the clinical cure rates and blood biochemical parameters are more desirable.It is worthy of clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Cili juice enriched with SOD (CLJES) on lead excretion, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes, plasma lipid peroxidation (LPO) and immune function in experimental lead poisoning animals. METHODS: Lead poisoning models were made in rats and mice. The effects of CLJES on lead excretion, SOD activity, LPO concentration in rats and immune functions in mice were determined and compared with those of conventional EDTA treatment. RESULTS: CLJES significantly increased lead excretion. Furthermore it significantly increased SOD activity, reduced LPO concentration in rats with lead poisoning and enhanced immune function in lead loaded mice, however EDTA had no such actions. CONCLUSION: CLJES might exert a wider range of therapeutic effects on lead poisoning than EDTA.

usually in the 24th to 72nd h postburn.There was edema associated with mild necrosis of the duodenal mucosa immediately after burns.Severe necrosis occurred in the 2nd h postburn.The manifestations reached the peak in the 24th h and were alleviated in the 72nd h postburn.As a rule,the damages on the duodenal mucosa occurred early and persisted for a long period with high incidence and severe wounding conditions.The damages of gastroduodenal mucosa were more severe in the phosphorus burn group than in the napalm burn proup mainly because of the more intense heat stress after phosphorus burns and the tosicity of the element phosphorus and phosphorus free redicals.

Male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups:The rats of group I received sham burning to serve as the control and those of groups and Ⅲ were inflicted with 20% and 30% TBSA third degree phosphorus burns respectively.No treatment was given to group Ⅱ.Group Ⅲwas further divided into 2:The rats of subgroup Ⅰ were debrided immediately and those of subgroup Ⅱ in the 6th hour postburn.The findings were as follows;(l)The tissue content of phosphorus was more significantly decreased in subgroup Ⅰ than in subgroup Ⅱ-(2)Twenty-eight rats of subgroup Ⅰ all survived while 9 of the 44 rats of subgroup Ⅱ died with a mortality rate of 20.5%.The mortality rate of group Ⅱ was 37.5%(3/8).(3)The recovery of serum electrolytes and other biochemical parameters occurred earlier in subgroup I.Our findings suggest that debridement as early as possible after phosphorus burns contributes significantly to the decrease of the victims mortality.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of over the counter dispensing model on hospital pharmaceutical work quality improvement and its social benefits. METHODS: The practice of over the counter dispensing model in the outpatient dispensary in our hospital was compared with the traditional model of drug dispensing through a small window. RESULTS: Over the counter dispensing service model can help improve the work efficiency in outpatient dispensary, strengthen pharmacists' consciousness on pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSION: Over the counter dispensing model can be applied in large and medium-sized hospitals.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of moderate aerobic exercise intervention for patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods Randomized Clinical Trials(RCTs) that assessed the effectiveness of aerobic exercise intervention for patients with Alzheimer's disease were reviewed using multiple electronic databases systematically. Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.2.0 version. Results Eight RCTs were included. Meta-analysis indicated that moderate aerobic exercise could improve the score of MMSE(WMD=1.58,95%CI:0.63~2.53,P<0.01),reduce the score of Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale(ADAS-Cog)(WMD=-4.06,95%CI:-6.83~-1.28,P<0.01) and the score of Neuropsychiatric Inventory(WMD=-3.97,95%CI:-5.69~-2.25,P<0.01). Conclusion Moderate Aer-obic exercise can improve cognitive function of Alzheimer's patients,and improve their neuropsychiatric symptoms.

To study the bioactive polypeptides included in Bufo skin and its secretions the plasmid skin cDNA library of adult Japanese toad Bufo japonicus formosus was prepared. The pSD64TR has been used as the vector and the cloning sites are Xho I and EcoR I. To screen cDNAs encoding bioactive components, the plasmid cDNA library was transformed into E. coli DH5 competent cells, and positive colonies were screened by colony PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The suspension of a single colony in LB medium was used as the template, SP6 (the upstream primer of the plasmid cDNA library) and a primer with Xho I site and polyT were used as the primers. As the result, 465 positive colonies out of 1 344 were obtained and their plasmid were collected and sequenced. By homologous analysis, it was found that one of the cDNAs encoding a peptide with high homolog with transgelin-2, which was registered in GenBank (accession number: JX197456), and it was indicated as a partial cDNA sequence with a deletion at the 5' end. The transcript is 997 bp consisting of 31 bp 5', 618 bp 3' untranslated region (UTR) and an open reading frame (ORF) of 348 bp encoding a polypeptide of 115 amino acids. In the putative protein product, there is a calponin homology domain, two cysteine residues for a disulfide bond and three a-helix domains, and five potential phosphorylation sites. The homologous analysis indicates 90% similarity with Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis and 89% with Xenopus laevis, and 71%-85% with other species.

Aim To investigate the interactions be-tween the neuroinflammation caused by lipopolysaccha-ride(LPS) and brain CYP2E1.Methods The human cholinergic neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32 was treated with LPS ( 0.1 mg · L-1 , 1.0 mg · L-1 ) , and the LDH and SOD activities were determined after 24 h in-cubation .In order to determine the roles of MAPK sig-naling pathway in the regulation of CYP 2E1 by LPS, the IMR-32 cells were treated with p38 pathway inhibi-tor SB203580 or ERK pathway inhibitor U 0126 for 45 min before the incubation with LPS .The human do-paminergic neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with CYP2 E1 over-expression was established . The LDH and SOD activities were determined in SH-SY5 Y cells over-expressed CYP2 E1 and control cells treated with LPS(0.1 mg· L-1 , 1.0 mg· L-1 ) for 24 h.Results
The levels of LDH in IMR-32 cells treated with high-dose LPS were increased by 1.38-fold ( P <0.01 ) compared with the control group , and the levels of SOD reduced by 15.0%( P <0.01 ) .Compared with the control, CYP2E1 mRNA and protein levels in IMR-32 cells treated with high-dose LPS were increased by 1.25-fold(P<0.01) and 1.19-fold(P<0.05).The up-regulation of CYP2E1 by LPS could be attenuated by SB203580 and U0126 pretreatment.Compared with the control cells, the CYP2E1 over-expression in-creased LDH levels by 1.28-fold ( P<0.01 ) and de-creased SOD levels by 3.53-fold ( P<0.01 ) after the low-dose of LPS treatment .The CYP2E1 over-expres-sion increased LDH levels by 1.54-fold ( P <0.01 ) and decreased SOD levels by 2.17-fold( P<0.01) af-ter the high-dose of LPS treatment , compared with the control cells.Conclusions LPS can induce CYP2E1 mRNA and protein levels , and the p38 and ERK sig-naling pathway may be involved in the regulation .The elevated CYP2 E1 levels aggravate the damage to neuro-nal cells caused by LPS .Brain CYP2E1 may be an im-portant contributing factor to the pathological process of neuroinflammatory injury .

Objective To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway in reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by morphine preconditioning in the rats with chronic heart failure in vitro.Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-230 g,aged 6-7 weeks,in which doxorubicin 2 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein once a week for 6 consecutive weeks to induce chronic heart failure,were studied.At the end of 8th week,30 rats with chronic heart failure were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),I/R group,morphine preconditioning group (group MPC),SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) + morphine preconditioning group (group SBM),and SB203580 group (group SB).The hearts were quickly excised and passively perfused in a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 min of occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery followed by 120 min of reperfusion to establish the model of myocardial I/R injury.After equilibration,the hearts were subjected to 3 cycles of 5 min perfusion with K-H solution containing morphine 1 μmol/L at 5-min intervals before ischemia in group MPC.In group SBM,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution containing SB203580 (5 μmol/L) for 45 min starting from l0 min before morphine preconditioning until 5 min of ischemia.In group SB,morphine preconditioning was not performed,and the hearts were only perfused with K-H solution containing SB203580 (5 μmol/L) starting from 40 min before ischemia until 5 min of ischemia.At 15 min of equilibration (baseline),5 and 10 min of reperfusion,the coronary effluent was collected to detect the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) using the chemical colorimetry.At 10 min of reperfusion,the expression of phosphor-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) in the myocardium was determined by Western blot in Sham,I/R and MPC groups.At 120 min of reperfusion,the area at risk (AAR),total areas of right and left ventricles (LV+RV),and infarct size (IS) were measured,and the IS/AAR ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group Sham,the LDH activity in coronary effluent during reperfusion and IS/AAR ratio were significantly increased in the other groups,and the expression of p-p38MAPK was significantly up-regulated in I/R and MPC groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the LDH activity in coronary effluent during reperfusion was significantly decreased,the expression of p-p38MAPK was significantly up-regulated,and the IS and IS/AAR ratio were significantly decreased in group MPC (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the LDH activity in coronary effluent,IS and IS/AAR ratio in SBM and SB groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group MPC,the LDH activity in coronary effluent during reperfusion was significantly increased,and the IS and IS/AAR ratio were significantly increased in group SBM (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which morphine preconditioning reduces myocardial I/R injury is related to activation of p38MAPK signaling pathway in the rats with chronic heart failure in vitro.