Diabetic nephropathy is one of the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, the modern medical researches and treatments of diabetic nephropathy have some progress, but the treatment delaying the progress of renal function is still unknown. Many clinical practices showed that the traditional Chinese medicine on this disease was effective. Thus, this paper was to summarize the traditional Chinese medicine view of etiology and pathogenesis, clinical researches, experimental researches in order provide reference for clinical treatment.

Recently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches on diabetic peripheral neuropathy made great progress. It is found that theetiology and pathogenesis was the deficiency in origin and the ecessive in superficialty. The deficiencyincluded Yin deficiency, Qi deficiency, blood deficiency, deficiency of both Qi and Yin, Yang deficiency, while the ecessive in superficialty included blood stasis, stasis of phlegm and blood. Thus, the principles of treatment were supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin, warming Yang, promoting blood and removing blood stasis, and smooth Luo, all of which showed the characteristics of TCM treatment were combination of inside and outside, and multi-target effects. This paper reviewed the progress of clinical and experimental studies on the TCM for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective To evaluate the teaching effects of micro-lecture based on the wechat platform in new nurses'training in operating rooms.Methods Fifteen new nurses in the operating room in July 2014 were selected as observation group,and thirteen new nurses in July 2013 were selected as control group.The multimedia-aided teaching mode was applied in the two groups,while micro-lecture based on the we-chat platform was implemented in the observation group.The theory and operating skills between two groups were evaluated by examination, and a random inquiry about satisfaction with new nurses was directed on surgeon and seniors nurses.Resulsts 100% of the nurses in obser-vation group accepted and preferred wechat in continuing education.The new nurses’performance in theory and skill test in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t =2.901,P =0.011;t =2.225,P =0.029).In addition,the surgeon’s and seniors nurses’satisfaction with new nurses in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (Z =6.425,P =0.011).Conclusion Micro-lecture based on the wechat platform can motivate nurses’learning enthusiasm and positivity,and effectively improve their theoretical knowledge and professional skills.

Objective To analyze the reasons of focal liver lesions that difficult to detect by conventional ultrasound ultrasound-CT/MR fusion imaging.Methods 101 lesions which were confirmed by pathology or clinical diagnosis standards were recruited in the research.All of them were difficult to detect by conventional ultrasound but CT/MR display clearly.Ultrasound-CT/MR fusion imaging was used to observe the size,location and internal echo of the lesions,as well as the background of the surrounding liver parenchyma.Results All cases were successfully registrated,the registration time were 2-6min [(4.1 ±0.6)min].For these 101 lesions,93.1％(94/101) of which the diameter ≤20 mm,56.4％ (57/101) were located in hepatic segments near the diaphragm (such as S2,S4,S7,S8),78.2％ (79/101) were internal isoecho,and 79.2％(80/101) in the background of liver cirrhosis.Conclusions The important reasons that focal liver lesions detected difficult by conventional ultrasound includes:lesion size,location,internal echo and the hepatic background.

The paper summarized the literature in recent 5 years about the researches on the metabolic syndrome (MS) in traditional Chinese medicine. The paper discussed the etiology and pathogenesis, summarized the clinical research and experiment of traditional Chinese medicine for MS.

Objective To evaluate virtual navigation assisted contrast-enhanced ultrasound(VN-CEUS) by comparing VN-CEUS with routine CEUS in detecting focal liver lesion(FLL) invisible in B-mode ultrasound(BUS).Methods Forty-seven FLLs invisible in BUS were identified by CT/MR,and received VN-CEUS and routine CEUS respectively.Results The detection rate of VN-CEUS and routine CEUS were 78.7%(37/47) and 36.2%(17/47),the former was much higher than the later (P<0.01).In all the cases,fusion of CT/MR with ultrasound was achieved successfully and average time for image fusion was 5 min.compared with routine CEUS,VN-CEUS could more easily find FLLs shadowed by lung or ribs,FLLs in inhomogeneous liver background,and FLLs with brief or inapparent abnormal enhancement.ConclusionsVN-CEUS can greatly improve the detection rate of FLL that was invisible in BUS.

Objective To investigate the value of intra-cavitary contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)in the location of drainage tubes which were unclear in conventional ultrasonography. Methods The locations of 32 drainage tubes in 26 patients were unclear in conventional ultrasonography. The diluted ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue) was injected through the tubes. CEUS was used to evaluate the visualizations of the inner tubular portions and the distal ends. Whether the drainage tubes were in situ or not was also judged. The time-consumption of detection was counted. Results The percentages of the visualization of inner tubular portions and the distal ends in conventional ultrasonography were 52.25%(18/32) and 0,respectively. However,the percentages of visualization in CEUS were 100% and 93.75%(30/32), respectively. The difference were significant when compared conventional ultrasonography with CEUS ( P＜0.001 ). CEUS detected that three drainage tubes weren't in situ. And the median of timeconsumption of CEUS was just 4. 5 seconds (range: 1-77 seconds). Conclusions Intra-cavitary CEUS is a sensitive and high efficient technique in the visualization of drainage tube which may complement the insufficiency of conventional ultrasonography. It could be used as the first choice in the location of drainage tube.

Type 2 diabetes macrovascular disease is the main cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, the modern medical research and treatment of type 2 diabetes macrovascular disease has made some progress, but the international clinical trials suggest that the current treatment can not effectively reduce the incidence of this disease. Many clinical practices show that the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on this disease is exact, so that the clinical workers on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus macrovascular disease of the status quo, now from the etiology and pathogenesis,clinical research, experimental research on the literature published in recent years, to provide reference for clinical treatment.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) attributed it to theXiaoke disease andBizheng, with the views ofLuo disease and its TCM patterns differentiation. Based on the treatment for deficiency,Tongluo drugs were added and they made good curative effect. Recently the TCM researches on it have been deepened in the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, experimental and clinical research, which showed some new under standings. Thus, this paper summarized the relevant researches.

Objective To evaluate the value of virtual navigation assisted 3-D contrast-enhanced ultrasound (VNA-3D-CEUS) in depicting ablative area and ablative margin after hepatocellular carcinoma radiofrequency ablation. Methods Sixty-one lesions in 51 patients were evaluated ablative area and ablative margin using VNA-3D-CEUS. The results were divided into three groups: (A) tumor was completely ablated and 5 mm ablative margin was achieved; (B) tumor was completely ablated but 5 mm ablative margin was not achieved; (C) tumor was not completely ablated. The technical successful rate of VNA-3D-CEUS,as well as the coincidence rate of complete ablation with contrast-enhanced MRI,was evaluated. The relation between local tumor progression and ablative margin was observed through follow-up. Results The technical successful rate of VNA-3D-CEUS was 78.7％ (48/61). Coincidence rate of complete ablation with contrast-enhanced MRI was 100％ (40/40). The local tumor progressions of group A and group B were 0/26 and 2/13. There was significant difference between A and B group( P =0.032). Significant correlation between local tumor progression and ablative margin was found ( r =- 1. 000, P ＜0. 001 ). Conclusions VNA-3D-CEUS could be a new method in accurately evaluating the ablative area and ablative margin after hepatocellular carcinoma ablation.