ObjectiveTo characterize the evidence distribution and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on oral Chinese herbal medicine （CHM） for atopic dermatitis （AD） based on evidence mapping. MethodsSeven databases （CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， CBM， Cochrane Library， PubMed， and Embase） and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched for the RCTs in Chinese and English. Evidence distribution was presented graphically and textually， and methodological quality was assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool （ROB 1.0）. ResultsA total of 168 RCTs were included. The number of annual publications showing an increasing trend， and 72.6% RCTs had sample sizes of 51-100 participants. The studies evaluated 108 distinct CHM interventions categorized as decoctions， granules， Chinese patent medicines， and extracts. Compound Glycyrrhizin was the most frequently used， followed by Xiaofengsan and Chushi Weiling decoction. Among the RCTs， 57.1% had the treatment courses of 4-8 weeks. Outcome measures predominantly focused on clinical response rate， skin lesion severity scores， and adverse events， with less attention to TCM symptom scores， skin barrier function， and relapse rates. The overall risk of bias was generally high. ConclusionWhile CHM for AD is a research hotspot and demonstrates clinical advantages， the related studies have problems such as unclear clinical positioning， poor research standardization and methodological quality， and insufficient prominence of TCM clinical advantages. Large-sample， methodologically rigorous， and high-quality studies are needed to enhance the evidence base for CHM in treating AD.

ObjectiveTo characterize the evidence distribution and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on oral Chinese herbal medicine （CHM） for atopic dermatitis （AD） based on evidence mapping. MethodsSeven databases （CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， CBM， Cochrane Library， PubMed， and Embase） and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched for the RCTs in Chinese and English. Evidence distribution was presented graphically and textually， and methodological quality was assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool （ROB 1.0）. ResultsA total of 168 RCTs were included. The number of annual publications showing an increasing trend， and 72.6% RCTs had sample sizes of 51-100 participants. The studies evaluated 108 distinct CHM interventions categorized as decoctions， granules， Chinese patent medicines， and extracts. Compound Glycyrrhizin was the most frequently used， followed by Xiaofengsan and Chushi Weiling decoction. Among the RCTs， 57.1% had the treatment courses of 4-8 weeks. Outcome measures predominantly focused on clinical response rate， skin lesion severity scores， and adverse events， with less attention to TCM symptom scores， skin barrier function， and relapse rates. The overall risk of bias was generally high. ConclusionWhile CHM for AD is a research hotspot and demonstrates clinical advantages， the related studies have problems such as unclear clinical positioning， poor research standardization and methodological quality， and insufficient prominence of TCM clinical advantages. Large-sample， methodologically rigorous， and high-quality studies are needed to enhance the evidence base for CHM in treating AD.

Periodontitis is a common oral disease characterized by progressive alveolar bone resorption and inflammation of the periodontal tissues. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been used in the treatment of various immune-inflammatory diseases due to its excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. Here, we investigated for the first time the therapeutic effect of DMF on periodontitis. In vivo studies showed that DMF significantly inhibited periodontal destruction, enhanced mitophagy, and decreased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio. In vitro studies showed that DMF inhibited macrophage polarization toward M1 macrophages and promoted polarization toward M2 macrophages, with improved mitochondrial function, inhibited oxidative stress, and increased mitophagy in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, DMF increased intracellular mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM) levels to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, promoted mitophagy, and modulated macrophage polarization, whereas TUFM knockdown decreased the protective effect of DMF. Finally, mechanistic studies showed that DMF increased intracellular TUFM levels by protecting TUFM from degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway. Our results demonstrate for the first time that DMF protects mitochondrial function and inhibits oxidative stress through TUFM-mediated mitophagy in macrophages, resulting in a shift in the balance of macrophage polarization, thereby attenuating periodontitis. Importantly, this study provides new insights into the prevention of periodontitis.
Dimethyl Fumarate/pharmacology* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Animals ; Mice ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Periodontitis/prevention & control* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Mitochondria/drug effects*

To investigate the mechanism of JinShuiBao capsule on improving respiratory function and lung tissue pathology in rat pneumoconiosis model. Chronic pneumoconiosis rat model was established by tracheal injection of quartz dust. JinShuiBao was administrated orally by 600 and 300 mg/kg, once daily for 6 months. At the 1st, 3rd and 6th month of administration, 6 rats in each group were taken for hemorheology, vascular endothelial function, immunoinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. The results showed that high dose of JinShuiBao had a significant improvement on the plasma viscosity at each time point(P< 0. 05)during the 6-month trial, and partially improved the whole blood viscosity. Both dose of JinShuiBao capsule significantly decreased the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-6(P< 0. 05, P< 0. 01), and high dose group could significantly decrease the level of CD4+/CD8+(P< 0. 01). The high dosage of JinShuiBao could obviously reduce the level of serum MDA and increase the activity of SOD(P< 0. 05), and obviously reduced the number of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of model rats. In the high-dose group, the levels of ET, NO and PC in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly improved in all the experimental periods(P< 0. 05, P< 0. 01), while the low-dose group also had a statistically significant improvement at 3 month later. These results suggested that the improvement of JinShuiBao capsule on pneumoconiosis rats involved various mechanism, including blood viscosity, systemic and pulmonary inflammatory response, vascular endothelial injury, and oxidative stress in the whole body and lung fibrosis.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a similar diet fasting state that is high in fat and low carbohydrate.KD is used in the treatment of refractory epilepsy,but the mechanism is not completely clear.According to the current research progress,the mechanism of KD is antiepilepsy.This paper reviewed the progress of the application of KD in the elucidation of several metabolic diseases and epilepsy syndrome caused by epilepsy.With the further development of the antiepilepsy mechanism of KD in the future,it will not only guide the application of more diseases,but also provide a scientific theoretical basis for the discovery of new antiepileptic drugs.