Objective To investigate the change of glucose metabolism in warm ischemia/reperfusion injured kidney of rabbits in vivo by microdialysis and real-time electrochemical detection.Methods A total of 20 New Zealand rabbits were divided into experiment and control groups(10 in each).After anesthesia by intravenous injection of barbitone,an oblique incision under the 12th rid was made in the animals to expose the right kidney and the right renal artery and vein.Afterwards,a microdialysis probe was placed into the dorsal renal cortex along the long axle of the kidney.After 60 minutes to equilibrate,an electrochemical detection system was used to continuously determine the concentration of glucose in the renal cortex before ischemia.Then,ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established by clamping the renal pedicle for 60 minutes followed by perfusion for 60 minutes.The control group received the same intervention without clamping the renal pedicle.The glucose concentration of the microdialysis samples were analyzed before,during,and after the ischemia.Results The reaction of the glucose electrode to the electric current was linearly correlated with the concentrations of glucose,and the rate of microdialysis probe recycling was(63.6?2.1)%.The concentration of glucose in the renal cortical interstitial samples were(1.89?0.37),(0.69?0.12),and(0.62?0.14)mmol/L respectively before,during,and after the warm ischemia.During the ischemia phase,the mean concentration of glucose decreased by(36.7?2.4)% from the base level(LSD test,P=0.000).The glucose concentration of the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control at both ischemia and reperfusion phases(t=-11.975,P=0.000;t=-11.993,P=0.000,respectively).Conclusions In vivo microdialysis combined with electrochemical detection provides a sensitive and real-time method for measuring the glucose concentration in warm ischemia/reperfusion injured kidney,which can suggest the ischemic condition of the renal cortex.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Trachea ; pathology ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

The secretion and localization of epididymal specific proteins ESP-1, ESP-2 were systematically studied by the PAGE-western blot and ABC immunocytochemical technique in the epididymis of the rabbit. The results indicated that ESP-1 and ESP-2 represented the rabbit epididymal specific proteins of 42 kd and 20 kd, respectively. They were immunoeytochemically negative in the testis, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and skeletal muscle of the rabbit as well as testis and epididymis of the rat. However, in the rabbit epididymis, except the initial segment ESP-1 and ESP-2 were started to be positive from caput segment. The ESP-1 was displyed in the supranuclear area of the principle cells, while the ESP-2 was distributed evenly in the whole cytoplasm of it. Subsequently, the most heavy positive reaction was demonstrated in the corpus epididymis and the proximal segment of cauda. In contrast of the caput, the stereocilia of principle cells and lumen sperms of the cauda epididymis were positive also. However, in the distal segment of cauda the positive reaction in cytoplasm of principle cells was gradually decreased and became disappeared completely soon, while the stereocilia of it still remained heavy positive even in that of vas deferens. The epithelium of prostate gland and seminal vesicle were negative. These results indicated that both ESP-1 and ESP-2 were secretory proteins produced mainly in the principle cells of the corpus epididymis. After releasing into the lumen, they took part of epididymal fluid and might bind on the sperm to regulate sperm maturation. The possible physiological significance of ESP-1 and ESP-2 was discussed.

Objective To determine the Golgi dispersal in radiation damaged cells and the protective effect of vanillin derivatives.Methods Immunofluorescence, cell cycle analysis of flow-cytometry,Western blot,and clone formation were used.Results Immunofluorescence observation showed that the Golgi dispersal caused by 2 Gy 60 Coγ-ray was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 4-10 Gy as was demonstrated by the fact that the Golgi area was significantly increased. When the irradiated cells were treated with the radioprotective agent VND3207, a vanillin derivative,the Golgi dispersal induced by radiation was significantly reduced.The radiation-induced Golgi dispersal was also displayed in a pattern of time-course after irradiation in the HeLa cells, and persisted at least to 36 h post-irradiation. Cell cycle test results indicated that the Golgi dispersal was not associated with the G2/M arrest triggered by radiation-induced DNA damage response.VND3207 could promote cell survival by plate colony formation assay.Conclusion The Golgi dispersal can be caused byγ-ray irradiation in a dose-and time-dependent manner, and VND3207 can provide a good protection against radiation injury associated with inhibited Golgi dispersal.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bipolar plasmakinetic system in exfoliative tran-surethral resection of bladder tumors .Methods Clinical data of 72 patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were retrospectively analyzed.Transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic system was used ,30°viewer,F27 outer sheath was pushed off and bladder tumor was cut .When the bladder filling state ,pushed off bladder mucosa distance from tumor basal 2cm,then electricity cut the exfoliative bladder tumor .When bladder half filling state electricity cut the base of the bladder muscle layer of bladder tumor .Results This group of 72 cases were successfully completed surgery,surgery time 37~93 min,without intraoperative bladder perforation ,slight obturator nerve reflex in 5 cases. The keeping intact pathologic specimens was good for pathological staging .Conclusion Exfoliative transurethral resection of bladder tumors with bipolar plasma is a safe , practical and effective way of operation , which can avoid severe obturator reflex occurred in the operation , and greatly reduce the occurrence of bladder perforation , without TURS,surgical removal of the pathological specimens is specification .

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of endoscopic cryotherapy for Barrett's esophagus (BE). Methods A total of 22 consecutive patients, who were diagnosed as BE from January 2008 to May 2009, underwent endoscopic cryotherapy by using pressurized gas of C02. The data including effective rate, therapy courses and procedure related complications were retrospectively analyzed.Results Except for 2 cases of withdrawal, the other 20 patients completed the treatment with a total therapy number of 42 times (mean 2. 1 times/patient) and were followed up for 6 months. Complete histologic reversal of BE mucus was achieved in all 20 patients after 1-3 times of cryotherapy, among whom complete endoscopic reversal was obtained in 9 and effective endoscopic reversal in 11. Histologic recurrence was observed in 3 cases during the follow-up, including 2 of occult intestinal metaplasia and 1 of mild intestinal metaplasia, which achieved a BE mucosal reversal rate of 85% (17/20). Procedure related complications included 1 case of esophageal ulcer and 3 cases of mild or severe esophagitis, which were all cured after acid suppression treatment. Conclusion Endoscopic cryotherapy in BE is effective and safe, with the advantages of easy manipulation, less complications and good compliances.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of ipsilateral multiple renal malignant tumors.Methods 4 patients with multiple renal malignant tumors were retrospectively reviewed from May 2013 to November 2017.All cases were males,with average age of 64 years old (ranging 54-82 years old).Two cases were found thai tumor located in right side.The duration of disease ranged from 7 days to 6 months,with an average of 2 months.One case was found the tumor due to the complaining of lumbar discomfort,and other 3 cases were found by physical examination.The number of tumors was 2 in 1 case,and 3 in 3 cases.The sonographic features of the tumors were iso-echoic nodules.CT showed irregular soft tissue shadow,partially prominent outside the kidney,and heterogeneous enhanced after enhancement.3 cases were undergone laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and 1 case which was solitary kidney,was undergone laparoseopic partial nephrectomy.Results All operations were performed successfully.3 cases were undergone laparoscopic radical nephrectomy,which the operative time was 189-271 min (average,230 min),and blood loss was 50-100 ml (mean 83 ml).Postoperative hospitalization time was 5-14 days,average 9.7 days.1 case occurred intestinal obstruction after surgery,which was improved after treatment.1 case was found the close distance of 3 tumors during the laparoscopic surgery.In order to short the ischemic duration,open surgery conversion was performed in this case.The total operation time was 207min.The ischemic time was 15min and blood loss was 50 ml.The postoperative hospital stay was 6 days.Pathological reported that 3 cases were clear cell carcinoma,another 1 case was clear cell carcinoma with papillary carcinoma.All patients were followed up for 2-55 months (mean 38 months).No recurrence sign was recorded in all cases.Conclusion Ipsilateral multiple renal malignant tumors are rare,laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is effectie.Meanwhile,partial nephrectomy can also be chosen in some optimal cases.

Objective To investigate the endogenous carnosine,glutathione system and oxidative stress level in serum of patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM),and the potential relationships among them.Meth-ods The serum of 102 healthy people,96 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 74 patients with diabetic car-diomyopathy in the third affiliated hospital of QiQihar Medical University were enrolled.Carnosine content was mea-sured by ELISA.T-GSH,GSH and GSSG were detected by using micro-enzyme labeling assay.GSH-Px,GST and GRAC were detected by using colorimetry. The content of NO was detected by nitrate reduction method. The con-tent of H2O2was detected by using molybdic acid coloring method. The activities of NOS and CAT was determined by colorimetry. Results Compared with the healthy control group,the average level of human serum carnosine, GSH content,GRAC,GSH/GSSG ratio,GST activity and T-SH content in the DM and DCM group were signifi-cantly reduced(P < 0.05,respectively). NO content,H2O2and iNOS activity were increased,but CAT activity was decreased in DCM group.Conclusion Decreases of levels of serum carnosine and glutathione(GSH)and the imbalance of redox state were observed in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy,which may promote the occur-rence and development of the diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Objective:To identify the relationship between positive surgical margin after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and intravesical prostatic protrusion length on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 110 patients with pathologic confirmed prostate carcinoma who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in our hospital. For all 110 patients, the average age was (70.4±7.8) years old, median pre-biopsy PSA was 12.23 ng/ml(range 0.78-110 ng/ml). There were 27 cases, 35 cases and 48 cases for biopsy Gleason score 6, 7 and ≥8. There were 73 patients with clinical stage T 1 and T 2, 37 patients with clinical stage T 3.The median prostatic volume was 38.16ml(range 11.83-163.36ml). MRI examination was performed in 1 week before the biopsy. Intravesical prostatic protrusion length (IPPL) was measured on MRI as the vertical distance from the tip of the protruding prostate to the base of the urinary bladder. All patients who underwent MRI preoperatively median IPPL was 3 mm(range 0-27 mm). There were 72 patients with IPPL<5 mm and 38 patients with IPPL≥5 mm respectively. All patients received extra-peritoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Parameters describing the surgical margin status and the location of positive surgical margin was recorded. The χ 2 tested the statistical significance in proportions differences. The multivariable logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for positive surgical margin and positive base surgical margin(PBSM). Results:Positive surgical margin rate was 38.1% for all patients, 25 patients(22.7%) had PBSM.χ 2 test showed that clinical stage ( P<0.001) and IPPL ( P=0.038) were related to the postoperative positive surgical margin. The clinical stage, Gleason score and IPPL were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Multiple logistic regression showed that T 3 stage( P<0.001) was independent predictor for positive surgical margin. χ 2 test showed that clinical stage( P<0.001) and IPPL( P=0.001) were related to the postoperative PBSM. The clinical stage, Gleason score and IPPL were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. T 3 stage( P<0.001)and IPPL≥5 mm ( P=0.009) were independent predictors for PBSM according to multivariable logistic regression. Conclusions:For prostate cancer patients who received laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, clinical stage T 3was an independent risk factor for postoperative positive surgical margin. IPPL≥5 mm on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and clinical stage T 3 were independent risk factors for PBSM.

Introducing the multidisciplinary cooperation model into the clinical teaching of residents has gradually been paid attention to, and the relevant multi-disciplinary teaching teams participate in and formulate teaching plan. The Department of Urology of the Peking University Third Hospital carries out multidisciplinary cooperative teaching of residents based on network platform to improve residents' autonomous learning ability and teaching effect. This model has certain advantages in mobilizing students' subjective initiative and cultivating learning interest. It is of great significance for the training of urology residents.