Objective: The total triptolides in lactone leaves are generally extracted by decocting with chloroform,which is known to be a poisonous substance and pollutes the environment.The authors aimed to evaluate the use of macroporous resin in the extraction process.Methods: We measured the total triptolides by spectrophotometry and investigated the technology of extracting the total triptolides with macroporous resin,including determination of the concentrations of decoction and alcohol in the alcohol precipitation as well as the consumption of resin.Results: The total triptolides were enriched with the combination method of decoction by alcohol precipitation with macroporous resin.The ratio of concentration medicine to decoction was 1 ∶ 2,and that of the volume proportion of alcohol to decoction in the precipitation of alcohol was 2 ∶ 1.The appropriate amount of resin was 15%.Conclusion: Macroporous resin can be used to extract the total triptolides.

The vertebral artery dissection may be associated with the structural abnormalities of vascular wall or enviromental factors.The symptoms are usually caused by the luminal stenosis or the formation of blood clot,including the pain in posterior neck or mastoid region with local neurological deficits.The diagnostic methods for vertebral artery dissection include digital subtraction angiogaphy,magnetic resonance imaging,CT angiograpby and color Doppler ultrasonography.Anticoagulation is the main treatment option for most patients with vertebral artery dissection.

Objective:To analyze the clinical effect and influencing factors of closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in the adolescents, and to provide evidence for surgical treatment of femoral neck fracture in the adolescents. Methods:The clinical effect and influencing factors of 36 cases of femoral neck fracture treated by closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation were analyzed. The time of operation, the time of fracture healing evaluated with X-ray image, the evaluation on the function after operation by Harris score of hip joint,and the occurrence of complications of the patients were observed.Results:All the cases were followed up for 6-24 months, average 16 months. One case of all patients had avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and accounted for 2.78% of all the patients;2 cases of all fractures were nonunion, and 5.56%.The remaining 33 cases were completely healed.The HHS-harris hip score results showed that 26 were excellent, 6 cases were good, and 2 cases were poor;the excellent and good rate was 88.89%.Conclusion:Closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of adolescent femoral neck fracture is an effective program of operation;timing of operation, good reduction, and rigid internal fixation can decrease the femoral head necrosis and the incidence of complications.

Objective:To select proper macroporous resins for enrichment triptolide.Methods:Experiments were performed to adsorb triptolide by three types macroporous resins.Then the triptolide and solide content on the columns were eluated with 95% alcohol and determined by HPLC.Results:Results showed that the macroporous of type D101 is the best choice for enrichment of triptolide.Conclusion:the macroporous of type D101 can be used for triptolide enrichment.

The objective of this experiment was to study the sequential pathologic changes in the remodeling of the internal structure of the tibia, caused by controlled excessive jumping and running. Eighteen rabbits were exercised separately in two electrical cages with high voltage and low current. They were forced to jump and run in a manner which simulated athletic activity. Two additional rabbits served as controls. The rabbits were sacrificed periodically to obtain the required specimens. Radiographic and histologic methods were applied to observe the development of the pathologic changes of the tibia throughout the sixty-day experimental period.Vascular changes and circulatory disturbances within the cortical bone occurred before osteoclastic resorption. Degeneration and necrosis of osteocytes due to circulatory disturbances also occurred. Periosteal new bone formation found on and after 14 days of the experiment was a compensatory reaction to support the tibia which was weakened by the accelerated ostoclastic resorption. A Small crack appeared at the cement line and propagated through the neighboring cement line of the Haversian systems. After 21 days, incomplete fracture of the tibial cortex was found in two rabbits. Complete fracture on one side of the cortex was seen in 1 animal on the 50th day of the experiment. In addition, degeneration and necrosis of the surrounding muscles were also observed microscopically. In this study, however, most of the tibias did not have visible fracture lines after a period of strenuous exercise. This result suggests that most tibias can adapt to changes under stress through proper internal remodeling, so that a complete fracture rarely occurs.

Objective To establish a method for determination of urinary iodine by an automatic biochemical analyzer,and to analysis the applicability on the detetion of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine urinary iodine content.Linear range,detection limit,precision,recovery and so on were studied.Results The linear range was 0-300 μg/L;the detection limit was 1.57 μg/L (600 μl sample);the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 1.30％,0.83％ and 1.05％ when measuring urine samples with iodine concentrations of (84.8±1.1),(156.5 ± 1.3) and (227.7 ± 2.4)μg/L,respectively;the average recovery was 98.0％,100.1％ and 98.6％,and the total average recovery was 98.9％,when measuring urine samples containing three different iodine concentrations.The test results of standard material were all within the required ranges.The difference of measuring 24 urine samptes in the field by this method and the standard method was not statistically significant by paired t test (t =0.35,P ＞ 0.05).Compared with standard method,the amount usage of arsenic trioxide was reduced to 2％ (0.50 to 25.00 mg per sample).Conclusions The method has theadvantages of simple operation,low requirement for environment,and the linear rang of detection is reasonable.Using this method,the usage of highly toxic reagent can be greatly reduced,as well as the risk of harm to personnel health and the level of environment pollution.The standard solution and reagents can be prepared by ourselves,which greatly reduces the costs.With short reaction time,high detection speed and measuring automatically for large numbers of samples,this method for determination of urinary iodine by an automatic biochemical analyzer can be applied in monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders.

This article discusses how to improve teaching quality of health statistics from four main aspects: paying attention to training statistical thinking,paying attention to understanding basic concepts and methods,paying attention to modernistic teaching instrumentality,and paying attention to intercommunion between teachers and students.Practice indicates it facilitates impoving teaching quality.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in tumor tissue on analgesic efficacy of morphine and buprenorphine in advanced cancer patients with pain. Methods One hundred and fifty advanced cancer patients with pain aged 51-64 yr weighing 54-65 kg were included in this study. The expression of P-gp was negative in the tumor tissue in 50 patients (group M1 and B1, n = 25 each) and positive in 100 patients (group M2 ,M3 ,and B2 ,B3, n =25 each). The PCA regimen for the 6 groups were listed in the table .Pain was assessed with VAS scores (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain) and venous blood samples were taken for determination of blood morphine/buprenorphine concentrations at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h of PCIA. Results The six groups were comparable with respect to age, body weight, M/F sex ratio, types of cancer, baseline pain level and education. The analgesic efficacy of morphine and buprenorphine was better ( VAS scores were significantly lower)in P-gp expression negative patients (group M1 and B1 ) than in P-gp expression positive patients (group M2 and B2 ). Higher doses of morphine and buprenorphine provided better analgesic efficacy in P-gp expression positive patients in group M3 and B3 than in group M2 and B2. Plasma morphine and buprenorphine concentrations were comparable between group M1 , B1 and M2, B2 and were significantly higher in group M3 and B3 at each time point. Conclusion Positive P-gp expression in the tumor tissue can decrease the analgesic efficacy of morphine and buprenorphine in advanced cancer patients with pain.