Objective Atrophic gastritis, as a pre-cancerous condition of gastric cancer, is developed from non-atrophic gastritis.The aims of this study was to compare the gene expression profiles between atrophic gastritis and non-atrophic gastritis using cDNA microarray and to explore the molecular mechanisms in the development of atrophic gastritis. Methods Endoscopy and biopsy were performed consecutively in 227 patients (143 male, 84 female, age range between 16-72 years, with average age 48.6 years). Diagnosis of non-atrophic gastritis and atrophic gastritis was made according to histological examination, and 120 patients were in non-atrophic group and 107 in atrophic group. The total RNA was extracted from the biopsy specimens of two groups with Trizol reagent. cDNA microarray consisting 8 464 human genes (HGEC-80s kit) was used, and labeled cDNA with fluorescence probes were hybridized to microarray, and then the comparison of gene expression profiles was made between atrophic and non-atrophic gastritis. Results It was identified that in gene expression profiles of atrophic gastritis there were 165 genes showing a greater than 2-fold increase and 460 genes showing a greater than 50% decrease as compared to non-atrophic gastritis. RT-PCR analysis revealed similar results as in DNA microarray. Conclusions There is different expression in many genes between the gastric mucosal cells of non-atrophic and atrophic gastritis mucosa. Many genes expression profiles are involved in atrophic gastritis that would be of help in further understanding the development of atrophic gastritis.

The objective of this experiment was to study the sequential pathologic changes in the remodeling of the internal structure of the tibia, caused by controlled excessive jumping and running. Eighteen rabbits were exercised separately in two electrical cages with high voltage and low current. They were forced to jump and run in a manner which simulated athletic activity. Two additional rabbits served as controls. The rabbits were sacrificed periodically to obtain the required specimens. Radiographic and histologic methods were applied to observe the development of the pathologic changes of the tibia throughout the sixty-day experimental period.Vascular changes and circulatory disturbances within the cortical bone occurred before osteoclastic resorption. Degeneration and necrosis of osteocytes due to circulatory disturbances also occurred. Periosteal new bone formation found on and after 14 days of the experiment was a compensatory reaction to support the tibia which was weakened by the accelerated ostoclastic resorption. A Small crack appeared at the cement line and propagated through the neighboring cement line of the Haversian systems. After 21 days, incomplete fracture of the tibial cortex was found in two rabbits. Complete fracture on one side of the cortex was seen in 1 animal on the 50th day of the experiment. In addition, degeneration and necrosis of the surrounding muscles were also observed microscopically. In this study, however, most of the tibias did not have visible fracture lines after a period of strenuous exercise. This result suggests that most tibias can adapt to changes under stress through proper internal remodeling, so that a complete fracture rarely occurs.

Objective:To analyze the clinical effect and influencing factors of closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in the adolescents, and to provide evidence for surgical treatment of femoral neck fracture in the adolescents. Methods:The clinical effect and influencing factors of 36 cases of femoral neck fracture treated by closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation were analyzed. The time of operation, the time of fracture healing evaluated with X-ray image, the evaluation on the function after operation by Harris score of hip joint,and the occurrence of complications of the patients were observed.Results:All the cases were followed up for 6-24 months, average 16 months. One case of all patients had avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and accounted for 2.78% of all the patients;2 cases of all fractures were nonunion, and 5.56%.The remaining 33 cases were completely healed.The HHS-harris hip score results showed that 26 were excellent, 6 cases were good, and 2 cases were poor;the excellent and good rate was 88.89%.Conclusion:Closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of adolescent femoral neck fracture is an effective program of operation;timing of operation, good reduction, and rigid internal fixation can decrease the femoral head necrosis and the incidence of complications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of retroviral endostatin gene transfer on the human colon cancer cell line, LoVo.

METHODSA retroviral vector pLESSN expressing secretable endostatin was constructed and packaged with a titer of 8.2 x 10(5) CFU/ml. A LoVo cell line was subjected to retrovirus-mediated endostatin gene transfer. The proviral integration of endostatin was analyzed with PCR. The function of endostatin was tested by MTT assay in vitro and a mouse xenograft model in vivo.

RESULTSAfter transfection and superinfection, amphotropic retrovirus was collected, and transduction with amphotropic retroviruses resulted in endostatin proviral integration. The endostatin secreted by transduced LoVo cells markedly inhibited cell growth up to 67% (P<0.001), compared with the control cells. The gene expression of endostatin in LoVo colon tumor cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. There was an 86% reduction in tumor size in the endostatin-transduced group, accompanied by a reduction in vessels, compared with the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONRetroviruses can allow functional expression of the endostatin gene in human colon tumors, showing promise for an antitumor strategy using antiangiogenesis.

Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Endostatins ; genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Retroviridae

Objective Human serum albumin ( HSA) is a kind of plasma protein , which can transport various small molecu-lar substances to the body.A disulfide bond breaking strategy is used to fabricate HSA-curcumin nanoparticles(NPs-CCM) in order to improve the solubility and tumor targeting capability of curcumin . Methods NPs-CCM were fabricated with dithiothreitol as the re-ducing agent .The size and shape of the nanoparticles were observed with high resolution electron microscopy .We explored the change of hydrophobic region during the process of degeneration of albumin , the releasing behavior in the solution and the tumor targeting capa-bility in vivo and vitro of NPs-CCM. Results The diameter of NPs-CCM was about 150 nm.The determination of surface hydropho-bicity showed that ANS fluorescence intensity decreased gradually as the extension of degeneration time , at the time 0 min, 2 min, 5 min and 10 min, ANS relative fluorescence intensity was 5492(5432-5673), 2486(2319-2878), 1998(1904-2317), 1503 (1280-1584) respectively.The hydrophobic region of albumin gradually reduced during the degeneration time .The curcumin re-leased from NPs-CCM amounted to about 50% within 40 h, and the NPs-CCM can be absorbed by tumor cells and accumulation in tumor tissue. Conclusion Albumin can improve the solubility and tumor targeting capability of curcumin , and it has potential clinical application value.

Objective To assess the agreement of different endoscopy grading or scoring systems for inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn's disease(CD).Methods A standardized table was prepared based on the searches for endoscopic grading or scoring systems on Medline and Chinese Biomedical Database,the data of 80 patients with UC and 31 with CD.who underwent colonoscopy in Shanghai Renji hospital from June 2006 to February 2007,were evaluated with each system by two physicians independently.Data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0.Results Six endoscopic grading and scoring systems of UC and three of CD were included for evaluation.For the systems of UC and CD,Kendall's coefficients of concordance were 0.71(P<0.01)and 0.34(P<0.01),respectively.There was no significant differenee between every two systems for UC.Nonetheless.Spearman's correlation coefficient between Chinese Grading System of Crohn's Disease(CGSCD)and Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity(CDEIS)was 0.32(P=0.08).Significant differences in frequencies were detected in endoscopic systems for UC by Kruskal Wallis test(P<0.01).Conclusion There is satisfactory concordance among the endoscopic grading and scoring systems of UC,while CGSCD needs further improvement.Furthermore,Jeroen elassifieation inclines to severe category,while modified Baron scale tends to be a mild one.

Objective:To study the moxibustion at Guanyuan(CV 4)and Tianshu(ST 25)on intestinal dvsbacteriosis in rats.Methods:Fifty Wistar rats,clearing grade,were randomly divided into 5 groups,a normal group,a model group,a medical group,and a Guanyuan(CV 4)group and a Tianshu(ST 25)group,with 10 rats in each group.The rats were treated with Lincomycin Hydrochloride via intragastric administration for developing models.The model rats were treated with medicine and moxibustion respectively.0.1 g fresh rat feces in each group were cultured on the selective culture medium of bifidobacterium species(BS),lactobacillus(LBS),enterobactefiaceae(EB)and enterococcus(EC).The growth and quantity of the bacterial colony were tested by biochemical identification tubes and turbidimetry.Results:Moxibustion at Guanyuan(CV 4)increased BS and LBS while moxibustion at Tianshu(ST 25)improved EB and EC.Conclusion:Moxibustion at Front-Mu points Of different body parts selectively regulated advantaged probiotics for treating intestinal dysbactenosis.

Objective To summarize the imaging features of intra-pancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS)with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and improve the awareness and correct diagnosis of IPAS.Methods MDCT images of seven consecutive patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed IPAS were reviewed retrospectively.The investigated features included the location,size,shape,margin,density,and enhancement of the lesions.Results Four patients were male and three were female with a mean age of 49 years old.All the lesions were located at the dorsal side of parenchyma under the capsule of pancreatic tail.Three lesions were in round-like shape,and 4 in oval shape and all were well-defined.All the lesions were mass-like without necrosis and calcification.The maximum diameter of lesion ranged from 0.9 ～ 1.8 cm with a mean value of 1.4 cm.Compared with pancreatic parenchyma,the density of lesions were homogeneous on unenhanced CT,in arterial phase,slightly increased heterogeneous density was observed in 3 patients,slightly increased homogeneous density was observed in 4 patients.All the lesions appeared as slightly increased homogeneous density in portal phase.The CT value in unenhanced phase ranged from 50 ～ 61 Hu with a mean number of 55 Hu; and it ranged from 80 ～ 110 Hu with a mean number of 97 Hu in arterial phase; and the corresponding value was from 99 ～ 120 Hu with a mean number of 102 Hu in portal phase.Among the three patients underwent MDCT angiography,neither artery nor vein was compressed or invaded,and there was no vessel connected with lesions.Conclusions IPAS has some MDCT characteristics.For small solid mass in pancreatic tail,if the density and enhancement pattern is similar to that of spleen,the diagnosis of IPAS should be considered.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical manifestations of infant cytomegalovirus infection in different age. MethodThe clinical data of 237 infants who suffered from cytomegalovirus infection was analyzed retrospectively and divided into three groups: 0-3 months old (77 cases,group A) ,4-6 months old ( 65 cases , group B ) , 7-12 months old ( 95 cases , group C ). ResultsThe incidence of respiratory infection was the highest among all infectious organs in three groups, the numbers of patients who had wheeze in group A was less than that in the other two groups[24.7％(19/77) vs. 61.5％ (40/65), 61.1％( 58/95 )](P ＜ 0.01 ).The incidence of jaundice decreased gradually as the babies grew up[23.4％( 18/77 )→7.7％(5/65 )→1.1％( 1/95 )](P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in diarrhoea and bleeding among three groups (P＞0.05 ). The proportion of alanine aminotransferase], aspartate amino transferase increasing was similar among three groups, but gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was different, the proportion of GGT increasing was 77.9％ (60/77) in group A which was higher than that in the other two groups[10.8％ ( 7/65 ), 2.1％ ( 2/95 )].Granulocytopenia in group B was obviously decreased compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ), anemia was easily occurred in group C (P ＜ 0.05 ). ConclusionThe injury of cytomegalovirus infection may be related to month old.

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunomodulatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) in type 1 diabetic mice. METHODS: A mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus was established by intraperitoneal injection of multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ). The diabetic mice were intraperitoneally administered 100, 200, 400 mg/kg APS or 1 ml normal saline (NS) every day respectively, then the diabetic mice were sacrificed after 15 or 30 days of treatment. The effect of APS on insulitis was determined via pancreatic histological analysis. Serum insulin autoantibody (IAA) levels were measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA). Proliferation ability of splenocytes to concanavalin A was tested by using [(3)H] thymidine incorporation assay. The levels of cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) secreted by splenocytes were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in spleens was characterized using Western-blot analysis. RESULTS: Attenuated insulitis, down-regulation of the serum IAA levels and Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, decrease of the proliferation ability of splenocytes to concanavalin A, and up-regulation of the PPARgamma levels in spleens showed a significant time- and dose-dependent response to APS treatment as compared with the NS-treated group. CONCLUSION: APS possesses immunotherapeutic effects on mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus through improving the cell- and humoral-mediated immunity.