The efferent and afferent projections of the hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudal nucleus (HVc) in carduelis spinus were investigated using anterograde and retrograde HRP tracing techniques. After injecting HRP into the HVc, anterogradely labelled fibers and terminals were observed in the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), tractus archistriatum dorsalis (DA) and the area X of lobus parolfactorius. The dense retrogradely labelled cell bodies were found in medial magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (mMAN), nucleus interfacialis (NIf) of midneostriatum, telencephalic auditory area--field L of the neostriatum, and locus ceruleus (LoC) of pons. All these projections were ipsilateral. Based on the present and previous studies, the authors got the following understanding: 1. The HVc projects to the high vocal control centre--RA. This proved that the HVc is also a high vocal control nucleus. 2. The HVc receives afferent projections from the telencephalic auditory area--field L. It indicates that there are direct connection between the two high centres of audition and vocal control nuclei in telencephalon. 3. This study demonstrated that the HVc receives afferent projection from the LoC for the first time. According to the fact, we presume that HVc may be involved in the neural regulations of vegetative function and emotional reactions. 4. The HVc also receives afferent projections from the mMAN and NIf of neostriatum, and from the Uva of the thalamus. On the other hand the HVc projects to area X. Since the mMAN, NIf, Uva and area X are vocal learning and memory centres, therefore the HVc may be also involve in vocal learning and memory functions.

As China's medical and health reform continued to deepen,the medical service market increased competition,hospitals should be how to effectively grasp the clientele and further develop the medical services market.In order to compete in the rapid development of a brand through hospitals,and build credibility ethical system,updating operating concepts and adjust marketing strategies to expand service channels,expansion of service.

Objective To provide data support for safe and accurate lower cervical pedicle screw implantation by observing the lower cervical pedicle and its relationship between the adjacent spinal cord, endorhachis, nerve root and vertebral artery, particularly its relation-ship between the endorhachis and epidural sinus. Methods Measured the C3 ~ C7 cervical sample of 32 adult with vernier caliper and pro-tractor, including the distance between cervical pedicle and its upper and lower nerve root, the distance between cervical pedicle and en-dorhachis, the distance between cervical pedicle and vertebral artery, and the distance between cervical pedicle and epidural sinus. Results The distance betweencervical pedicle and its upper nerve root was 1. 18~1. 40 mm, the distance between cervical pedicle and its lower nerve root was 2. 33~3. 11 mm;the distance between cervical pedicle and endorhachis was 2. 75~3. 33 mm;and there was nearly no distance be-tween cervical pedicle and vertebral artery and epidural sinus. Conclusion Cervical pedicle has a very close relationship with spinal cord, endorhachis, vertebral artery and nerve root, and the cervical pedicle is narrow and small. Therefore, it requires fully assess accroding to in-dividualization so as to prevent injury of important anatomical structures.

This article summarizes specific ethical doctrines from the traditional ancient Indian medicine, analyzes the characteristics of its ethical thought, absorbs its reasonable essence, pays great attention to the dual function of medical technique and medical ethics in current medical activities, highlights the importance of cooperation under the modern medical service condition, and emphasizes the application of etiquette in medical activities.

BACKGROUND: A majority scholars views that polymorphism of angiotensinogen T174M gene is one of the susceptible factors of inheritance of coronary heart disease, hypertension and myocardial infarction.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the relationship between the variation of angiotensinogen T174M gene and myocardial infarction.DESIGN: Case-controlled verified experiment.SETTING: Department of Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Science Faculty of North China Coal Medical College,and Department of Cardiology in Affiliated Hospital of North China Coal Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five cases of myocardial infarction were collected from outpatients and inpatients in Department of Cardiac Vascular Internal Medicine of Worker's Hospital Affiliated to North China Coal Medical College in Tangshan from September 2002 to September 2003, of which,29 cases were males and 26 cases females, aged (60±8) years. At the same time, 60 cases (health control) were selected from the people who received clinical physical health check (without repeated physical check), of which,32 cases were males and 28 cases females, aged (60±10) years. The cases selected had no manifestation of coronary heart disease, without history myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction in family and the participants were in the know of the research.INTERVENTIONS: Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the genetic sequence of No.174 DAN residue involved in No.2 exon of angiotensinogen gene. Electrophoresis was used after variated with Nco I restriction endonuclease.Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism was carried on angiotensinogen genotype. Simultaneously,the relevant risk factors of coronary heart disease were detected in two groups, such as blood pressure, body mass, blood lipid, fasting blood glucose, etc.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Distribution of genotype, frequency of genotype and frequency of allele in two groups. ② Analysis on risk factors of two groups.RESULTS: Totally 115 cases of objects all accomplished the design and entered result analysis. ① Frequency of angiotensinogen genotype: in myocardial infarction group, TT 75％ (41/55), TM 18％ (10/55), MM 7％ (4/55) and in control group, TT 83％ (50/60), TM 15％ (9/60), MM 2％ (1/60). Frequency of allele of M174 and T174 were 16％ (18/110), 84％ (92/110) and 9％ (11/120), 91％ (109/120) in myocardial infarction group and control group respectively. Frequency of allele of M174 in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than that of control group (x2=5.79,P ＜ 0.05). By the division of sex, the frequency M and T alleles of both male and female in experiment group was basically identical to control group. Angiotensinogen 174MM genotype in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than control group (x2= 7.55, P ＜ 0.025). ② Comparison of risk factors: The percentage of smoking history in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than control group (P = 0.006). After correction of essential risk factors of coronary heart disease, angiotensinogen 174MM gene still increased significantly the risk of myocardial infarction (Odds ratio was 3.66, P= 0.018).CONCLUSION: Angiotensinogen genotype is related to the occurrence of myocardial infarction. M allele is one of the susceptible factors of inheritance of myocardial infarction and T allele prevents from myocardial infarction. The attack of myocardial infarction is not relevant to sex, but angiotensinogen 174TM gene is one of the essential risk factors of myocardial infarction.

Objective To explore the stooling patterns and colonic motility after transanal onestage pull through operation for Hirschsprung' s disease in children. Methods Follow-up of more than 6 mos was obtained in all 58 children. The stooling pattern was investigated through questionnaire. Barium enema and colonic transit time with the simplified radio opaque markers were performed. Results Frequent stools was found in 4 cases, postoperative soiling in 9, constipation in 5 and Hirschsprungassociated enterocolitis in 3. No patients suffered from postoperative incontinence. Barium enema showed normal shape of the colon in most children, the sigmoid loops decreased or disappeared and was believed to be related to the length of removed colonic segment. Defecography showed the anorectal angle was larger and fixed than that of preoperative and control group[(123?15)?vs. (85?8)?vs. (79?12)?,P 168 h, P 0. 05 ]. TCTT and RSTT in symptomatic group were significantly shorter [ (25?6) h vs. (29?8) h,P

Objective To explore the stooling patterns and sphincter function after transanal one-stage pull through operation for Hirschsprung's disease in children. Methods In this study, 73 children patients averagely aging at 24. 7 months underwent transanal one-stage pull through operation for common type Hirschsprung' s disease. Fifty-eight postoperative patients were followed up for an average of 15. 8 months. Stooling pattern was investigated with the informed questionnaire, according the result patients were divided into symptomatic and nonsymptomatic group. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex ( RIR) and vector manometry including the maximal anal pressure in resting and squeezing, the vector volume ( VV) and vector symmetric index ( VSI) were performed to explore the postoperative stooling patterns and sphincter function. Results Stooling patterns were fine in most patients, postoperative soiling was found in 9 cases, constipation in 5 and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis in 3, there was no incontinence. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex recovered in 5 children. The vector manometry showed the maximal anal pressure of the constipated group in resting and squeezing were both higher than those of nonsymptomatic and control group (167?36vs. 157 ?47 vs. 152 ?33,P

Objective To explore the colonic motor function of children with chronic constipation. Methods Twenty-five constipation children were enrolled in this study receiving determination of the colonic transit time and the anorectal vector manometry. Patients were then divided into subgroups with prolonged transit time and that with normal transit time. The value of anorectal manometry was assessed in these two subgroups. Results The total gastrointestinal transit time (TGITT), Left colonic transit time (LCTT)and rectosigmoid colonic transit time (RSTT) in constipation children were significantly longer than those measured in 33 healthy controls: (92?56) h vs. (29?8) h,P

Objective:To study methods of diagnosis and treatment for severe acute respirtory syndrome,outbreak of the illness.Methods:45 cases with SARS were analyzed, and the cases were admitted.Results:Patients were infected by close quarters contacting each other. All patients manifest high fever ,and accompanied by dyspnea, cough ,weakness and muscular soreness. Chest X ray, shadow of lungs were change to severity during the period of tall cusp.6 cases died with sevierity ARDS. Using general antibiotic was of no effect for the illness. Continual positive airway pressure(CPAP)and glucocorticoid was required that can control depravation of the disease when toxicosis symptom of patients was severity and shadow of lungs diffuse more and more. Conclusion: Infectivity of the illness is evidence and spread by airway. Using general antibiotic was of no effect for the illness.Continual positive airway pressure(CPAP)and glucocorticoid are effective for control of the disease.

Objective To analysis the occurrence status of breast disease in married women in Tangshan area,and to provide basis for early prevention of breast cancer in this region.Methods 773 married women in Tangshan area were given mammography examination.The tissue biopsy or surgical treatment was recommended for patients with above grade 3 of breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) classification to obtain pathological diagnosis.Results In 773 women,482 cases (62.35 ％) were diagnosed as BI-RADS grade 2 or below,256 cases (33.12 ％) were BI-RADS grade 3,33 cases (4.27 ％) were BI-RADS grade 4,2 cases (0.26 ％) were BI-RADS grade 5.The distribution of each BI-RADS grade among different age group was statistically significant (x2 =17.90,P ＜ 0.001),35 cases got pathological diagnosis by biopsy or surgical treatment,including 30 cases of mammary gland hyperplasia,3 cases of breast fibroadenoma,and 2 cases of breast cancer.Conclusion Women's mammography screening is important for the prevention and early detection of mammary gland diseases.