Objective To evaluate the expression of substance P (SP) and caltenin gene related peptide (CGRP) in esophagueal mucosa from patients with non-erosive gnstroesophageal reflux disease (NERD) and reflux esophagitis (RE) and to explore their role in the development of NERD. Methods Fif-ty-one patients with typical symptoms of gnstroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated with reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ), PPI test, endoscopy and 24hr esophageal pH monitoring. The patients were then divided into RE group (n = 21), NERD group with acid refluux (NERD+, n = 12) and NERD group without acid reflux (NERD-, n = 18) according to the evaluation results. The expression of SP and CGRP in esophagus mucosa from these patients and 10 healthy control subjects were assayed by immunohistochemis-try, and the stain positive index (PI) was calculated by Color patho-image analysis software and compared. Results The PIs of SP and CGRP in NERD- group were 96.77±31.74 and 24.76±29.15, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of NERD+ group (73.64±31.38, 9.78±10.30, respectively, P < 0.05), RE group (67.56±34.62, 9.61±6.20, respectively, P < 0.05) and control group (59.82± 46.15, 8.64±12.12, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion Expressions of SP and CGRP in esophagus mucosa from NERD patients without detectable acid reflux are significantly increased, they may play an im-portant role in esophageal visceral sensitivity.

In this paper, we address the preparation of the EPC and HEPC sterically stabilized doxorubicin liposomes and report the data collected from further studies on pharmacokinetics in blood for choosing a better carrier in delivering the drugs. The pharmacokinetics of EPC and HEPC sterically stabilized liposomes (EPC-SSL, and HEPC-SSL) in Wistar rats were investigated by HPLC. The results showed that the mean residence time of HEPC-SSL in blood is 23.3 h, while that of EPC-SSL is 12.0 h. In conclusion, HEPC-SSL is a better carrier in delivering the drugs to the extravascular sites when compared with EPC-SSL.
Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Hydrogenation ; Liposomes ; Phosphatidylcholines ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rats

To retain the anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity of melittin and to reduce the hemolysis and hypersusceptibility caused by melittin, a deletion peptide of melittin was synthesized. Its ant-inflammation effect was observed . A hydrophile peptide fragment of melittin was synthesized by standard solid-phase method. The product was analyzed by HPLC and MS. The relevant hemolysis and hypersusceptibility were tested. The rabbits' model of immune arthritis were established and treated. The results showed that the hemolysis rate for peptide fragment was less than 5%, the hypersusceptibility rate was less than 8%. The hydrophile peptide fragment of melittin may retain anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity and reduce the melittin-induced hemolysis and hypersusceptibility.
Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; therapy ; Melitten ; chemical synthesis ; therapeutic use ; Peptide Fragments ; chemical synthesis ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits

This paper reviews the development of the polyanhydrides as a new biodegradable polymer, and highlights the methodological and technological progress in the synthesis of the polymer. Subsequently, the future researches and developments of polyanhydrides are prospected.
Anhydrides ; chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemical synthesis ; Brain Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Glioma ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; drug therapy ; Polymers ; chemical synthesis ; Rats