One hundred cases with pneumatized sphenoid sinus were studied, based on the cranial X-ray film, sagittal tomograms and coronal CT scan as well as the observation during the course of operation. A new bilateral combination classification scheme was suggested and used in this study. It was shown that the identical type was 58% and non-identical, 42% and the former could be further divided into 5 subtypes and the latter, 10 subtypes. The incidence of supra-sphenoid-ethmoidal cell (SSEC) was 22%. Some of SSEC may be mistaken for sphenoid sinus, if the surgeons are not familiar with its anatomy. We emphasize that the bilateral combination classification is very important for selecting a suitable method from among different trans-naso-sphenoid approaches.

Visceral hypersensitivity is the core pathogenesis process of functional gastrointestinal disorders( FGIDs). Numerous studies showed that psychological stress plays a key role in the development of visceral hypersensitivity. Brain center is the key part involved in psychological stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity, especially senior central sensitization. However,the specific pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. This article reviewed studies on central role mechanism of psychological stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity.

Multi-partners,unprotected sex,and alcohol and drug use are the main causes of HIV/STD transmission among MSM,and related interventions should be taken promptly.MSM are good candidates for studies and interventions as the retention rate is relatively high among this population group.

The reasonable distribution of healthcare human resources is the fundamental requirement to improve medical efficiency and service quality,satisfy public's diverse requirement for medical care,and realize medical service fairness.However,various factors hinder the reasonable distribution of healthcare human resources and the realization of medical service fairness in the present medical system,including the imperfect system of human resources management,the immature system of performance appraisal,the imbalanced development of different regions,and the unpleasant environment of medical practice.This paper reflects on those issues from an ethical perspective.

Objective To establish a method for determining the content of Naringin and Hesperidin in Zengshi Keli by HPLC. Methods The Kromasil C18 column with acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid (20∶80∶0.02) as the mobile phase was used. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the detective wavelength was 283 nm, the temperature of column is 35 ℃. Results The calibration curve were linear in the range of 0.178 5～0.892 5 ?g for Naringin and 0.073 68～0.368 4 ?g for Hesperidin (r=0.999 9) respectively. The average recovery was 97.24% (RSD=1.21%) and 96.95% (RSD=1.49%) respectively. Conclusion The method was simple, accurate, reproducible and can be used for quality control of Zengshi Keli.

Objective To find out the optimum extraction process for Weiweining pill. Methods The extraction process was studied by uniform design with the yield of extracted Paeoniflorin, n-butanol extract and ethyl acetate extract as markers. Results The optimum extraction process was adding 16 times amont of 60% alcohol, refluxing and extracting for 2 times, 65 min for each time. Conclusion This extraction process shows good stability and is available for the production of Weiweining pill.

Objective To explore the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver (NFALD)and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)gene polymorphism in Shanghai undergraduate students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 4 148 students from Shanghai Tongji University. Quesgionary, physical measurement, ultrasonography and biochemical parameters were used to diagnose NFALD. In patients with NAFLD and 200 healthy subjects (served as control), ApoE genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. Results (1)Totally 398 subjects were diagnosed as NAFLD (prevalence 9.6%). Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase in NAFLD group were higher than those in control, which were related to the degree of NAFLD (P＜0.01). (2)ApoE genotypes distributions were significantly different between two groups (χ2=10.52, P＜0.01). In NAFLD,E4/4 genotype frequency (5.5%)increased, and E3/3 (61.8%)decreased . (3)Unconditional logistic regression showed that E4/4 were closely associated with lipid profiles. Conclusion ApoE point mutations 112 and 158 may cause different dyslipidosis. E4/4 genotype seems to be one of the genetic predisposition factors of NAFLD.

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is an important neuroimmunomodulatory mechanism that innervates the spleen through vagus nerve efferent and splenic nerve relay, and acts on macrophages by transforming adrenergic stimulation into cholinergic signal by spleen T cells, which plays an anti-inflammatory effect, and maintains the balance of inflammatory response. Due to the critical role of the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in the physiological process of sepsis, regulating the activity of the CAP has become an important focus in the treatments of sepsis. Based on the understanding of the CAP, vagus nerve stimulation, drug agonists mimicking cholinergic signals, and acupuncture are currently applied in the research and exploration of sepsis treatment. This article summarizes the recent progress and prospects of the CAP mechanism, biological effects, and application in sepsis treatment.

Fifty-nine patients (62 cases ) with chronic antritis were operated by Caldwell-Luc's operation with middle meatal antrostomy and followed up for 0.5 ~5 years. It was found that curative effect of the oper ation was quite well. Eghty patients treated with Caldwell-Lucs operation were followed up as control at the same time. Caldwell-Luc's operation with middle meatal antrostomy was found safe, easy to operate and not injurious to agger nasi, as well as partially recoverable to sinus function.

Drug resistance is the most important obstacle in the treatment of cancer.People can know more about the mechanisms of drug resistance by study of cancer stem cells,and then identify new therapeutic targets and to develope better anticancer strategies.If we regard cancer stem cells as the therapeutic targets we can selectively kill cancer stem cells without harming normal ones,so overcome the drug resistance and avoid cancer relapse or metastasis.