The surgic is the basic method to treat acute peritonitis, and most of the patients are with sep-sis. Recently, with the development of laparoscopic technique, laparoscopic technique has been more and more applied to the treatment sepsis, but the impact on their postoperative inflammatory response and the spread of the bacteria have been the focus of note. Now I make a review, about the research progress of the CO2 pneumoperitonoum in the kind of sepsis in recent years.

Regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration is an important mechanism for inhibition of tumor immune microenvironment. Treg is highly expressed in peripheral blood and tumor tissue of various cancer patients. A high expression of Treg may inhibit the antitumor effect of CD4 + CD8 + T lymphocytes or induce immunological resistance to tumor antigens among cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL) without producing acute or memory CTL responses, resulting in tumor escape from immuneattack and immune suppressionin in the tumor microenvironment.

Ras is best known for its ability to regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Mutations in Ras are associated with the abnormal cell proliferation which can result in incidence of all human cancers. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a downstream effector of Ras and plays important roles in prognosis of tumors. Recently, evidence has gradually accumulated to demonstrate that there are other effectors between Ras and ERK, these proteins interact each other and constitute the thorough Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. The pathway has profound effects on incidence of esophageal carcinoma and clinical applications of some chemotherapeutic drugs targeting the pathway. Further understanding of the relevant molecular mechanisms of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway can be helpful for the development of efficient targeting therapeutic approaches which contribute to the treatment of esophageal cancer. In this article, roles of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in esophageal carcinoma as well as pharmacological targeting point in the pathway are reviewed.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy for the treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with left intrahepatic bile duct stones who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nancbang University from June 2013 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients underwent laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy by the Glisson intra-and extra-pedicles vascular inflow occlusion techniques together with the removal of choledocholithiasis and right bile duct stones,and T tube placement or laparoscopic primary suture of common bile duct were selected according to the condition of bile duct.All the 30 patients were readmitted to hospital and detected by color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS),computed tomography (CT) and T tube cholangiography at postoperative month 1,and then received CDUS reexamination every 3 months.CT and MRI reexaminations were applied to patients with complication of residual stones if necessary.All the patients were followed up till July 2014.Results All the 30 patients were treated by laparoscopic hepatectomy with left hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion,including 5 with conversion to open surgery and 25 with successful operation.The Glisson extra-and intra-pedicel vascular inflow occlusion techniques were used in 11 and 14 patients,respectively.The operation time and volume of blood loss were (158 ± 85) minutes and (405 ± 215) mL.Two patients received intraoperative blood transfusion.There were no residual stones in the 8 patients with choledocholithiasis by intraoperative choledochoscope,and primary suture of bile duct and T tube placement were done in 5 and 3 patients,respectively.No patients died.After operation,there were 2 patients with bile leakage and 1 with pleural effusion,and they were cured though drainage.One patient with subphrenic effusion was cured by B ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage.One patient had bleeding with the volume of blood loss of 500 mL,and was cured by conservative treatment.The duration of hospital stay in all the patients was (8.5 ± 2.3)days.No bile leakage and abdomen infection were detected by outpatient examination.The time of followup was 1-12 months,without recurrence of stones.Conclusion Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy for the treatment of left intrabepatic bile duct stones is safe and feasible with satisfactory outcome.

ObjectiveTo study the application of three-dimensional simulated surgical technique in precise hepatectomy. MethodsFrom July 2009 to February 2010, 16 patients with primary liver cancer underwent preoperative simulated imaging and three-dimensional simulation of liver resection.The 3D extent of simulated hepatectomy and actual hepatectomy was compared and analyzed. ResultsThe shape and the extent of the liver resected were very similar in the simulated and the actual hepatectomies. The mean differences in the length, breadth and depth of the remnant livers were 0. 6118 cm,0. 4490 cm and 0. 3199 cm, respectively. ConclusionsSimulation hepatectomy could predict the extent of the actual liver resection, and provided accurate guidance and preoperative planning for precise hepatectomy.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of cholesterol in bile on cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-R) in the gallbladder.

METHODSOne hundred Guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups, 25 animals for each. The control group was fed a standard diet, and the cholesterol group fed a diet containing 2% cholesterol. After taking the 2% cholesterol diet for two weeks, the natural group persisted on the standard diet, and the treated group was perfused by traditional Chinese medicine. Serum cholecystokinin (CCK) level in the portal vein and maximal binding capacity (B(max)) and Kd of CCK-R in the gallbladder were measured in the four groups by RIA and RBA, and the concentrations of cholesterol in bile were also observed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, after high-cholesterol feeding for two weeks, the gallbladder emptying rate [(65.83 +/- 7.32)% approximately (47.22 +/- 5.24)%] and B(max) of CCK-R [(60 +/- 27) approximately (32 +/- 13) fmol/mg protein] and in decreased fasting gallbladder volume (FV) [(0.89 +/- 0.26) approximately (1.34 +/- 0.61) cm(3)] and concentration of cholesterol [(0.44 +/- 0.11) approximately (0.60 +/- 0.13) mmol/L] in bile increased, but no change was in the serum CCK level and Kd of CCK-R in the cholesterol group. Compared with the natural group, after two-week in take of herb decoction of qingre lidan and liqi huoxue, FV [(1.27 +/- 0.60) approximately (0.90 +/- 0.27) cm(3)], RV [(0.85 +/- 0.45) approximately (0.32 +/- 0.12) cm(3)], FB [(0.92 +/- 0.35) approximately (0.73 +/- 0.21) cm(3)], RB [(0.76 +/- 0.34) approximately (0.29 +/- 0.08) cm(3)] in the treated group decreased significantly; but gallbladder emptying rate [(43.06 +/- 4.27)% approximately (67.01 +/- 6.82)%] increased significantly. The concentration of cholesterol in bile was lower in the treated group than in the natural group [(0.59 +/- 0.14) approximately (0.43 +/- 0.10) mmol/L], but no change was found in the serum CCK level. Bmax of CCK-R in the treated group increased significantly [(39 +/- 19) approximately (59 +/- 11) fmol/mg protein], Kd of CCK-R showed no significant changes between the treated group and natural group.

CONCLUSIONHigh cholesterol in gallbladder bile causes defective muscle contraction by down-regulating CCK-R in the gallbladder, so the reduction of cholesterol concentration of bile may contribute to gallbladder contraction.

Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Cholecystokinin ; blood ; Cholesterol ; analysis ; physiology ; Gallbladder ; chemistry ; physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin ; analysis

Objective: To explore the risk factors of long-term treatment outcomes and establish predicting model for laparoscopic left hepatectomy in hepatolithiasis. Methods: Clinical data of 108 patients with hepatolithiasis who underwent laparoscopic left sided hepatectomy and with complete follow-up data were retrospectively collected from June 2011 to June 2016 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Twenty-six males and 82 females were enrolled. The age was (52.4±11.7) years (range:20-80 years) , and the median follow-up time was 36 months (range: 24-83 months) . Patients were randomly divided into training group (79 cases) and validation group (29 cases) with a ratio of about 3∶1. Twenty-five preoperative and intraoperative clinical factors were selected for potential factors that might affect long-term outcomes, and quality of life was used as an surrogate evaluation index. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the potential risk factors, and to construct and validate the predictive nomogram for surgical outcomes. Results: Among 108 patients, 10 patients (9.3%) had residual stones, 8 patients (7.4%) had recurrent stones, 12 patients (11.1%) had recurrent cholangitis and 3 patients (2.8%) died. Univariate analysis showed that history of hepatobiliary surgery, gender, activation of partial thromboplastin time, alkaline phosphatase, use of choledochoscopy, postoperative stone residual, serum creatinine, postoperative biliary drainage and operation time were risk factors that may affect long-term outcomes (all P<0.15) . Multivariate analysis showed that the history of previous hepatobiliary surgery (OR=2.305, 95% CI: 0.383-4.227, P=0.019) , postoperative biliary drainage (OR=2.043, 95% CI: 0.182-4.209, P=0.048) , operation time ≥262.5 minutes (OR=1.971, 95% CI: 0.154-4.023, P=0.045) were independent risk factor affecting long-term outcomes. Based on the above factors, the predictive nomogram model was constructed. Internal and external validations showed good discrimination (area under the curve of receiver operating curve>0.7) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test: P>0.05) performance, which indicated that the prediction effect was favorable. Conclusions History of previous hepatobiliary surgery, postoperative biliary drainage and operation time ≥262.5 minutes are independent risk factors for long-term outcome. The predictive nomogram model based on risk factors relates to surgical outcomes presented good clinical predictive effects, which might contribute to the prediction of the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic left sided hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis.

To systematically review the potential value of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) as a potential novel prognostic biomarker in cancers.
 Methods: Databases including Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PubMed databases were searched for all English studies, which explored the correlation between lncRNA MALAT1 expression and overall survival in tumors. The retrieval time was from inception to August 1, 2015. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Then, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
 Results: Ten studies covered a total of 1 016 patients. Meta-analysis showed that high expression of MALAT1 was significantly correlated to poor overall survival (OS) in patients with tumor (HR= 2.08, 95% CI 1.74 to 2.48, P<0.001). 
 Conclusion: LncRNA MALAT1 might be a potential novel prognostic biomarker in tumor.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; mortality ; Prognosis ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; Survival Rate