The co-existence of physician-patient disharmony and the high rate of cesarean section suggest that there must be some internal relationship between the two medical phenomena.The physician-patient disharmony not only increases the rate of non-indicative cesarean section,but also leads to artificial expansion of the cesarean section indicators.Building up a harmonious physician-patient relationship is an important safeguard to reduce the rate of cesarean section and protect the benefits of mothers and infants.

Traditional atraumatic restorative treatment(ART) induces more successive diseases in the treatment of deciduous caries. Ignoring the disinfection and caries-affected dentin's remineralisation are the main reasons of such problem. Nowadays, Ozone-Remineralisation therapy has become one of the steps before restorative treatment. However, there is no quantitative standard to evaluate this therapy. Some researches had shown that the laser-fluorescent device (DIAGNOdent, Dd) has the advantages in monitoring caries treatment. We use DIAG-NOdent to monitor the effect of OZone-Remineralisation therapy before filling the restoration in the caves in this study, however, the results is delievered that DIAGNOdent has little advatages in monitoring the effect of this new therapy, because the data of DIAGNOdent had a large fluctuation.

Objective:To investigate the expression patterns of E-cadherin and P-cadherin in murine-tooth germs at early developmental stages .Methods:Mandible samples of CD 1 mice from embryonic day 12 .5 to postnatal day 3 .5 were collected .The expressions of E-cadherin and P-cadherin in murine man-dibular first molar germs were detected by immunofluorescence and observed under confocal fluorescence microscope .HE staining was performed for tissue morphology .Results:Both E-cadherin and P-cadherin were widely expressed in the epithelial tissues through early developmental stages .The E-cadherin ex-pression was increased in polarizing pre-ameloblasts , whereas the P-cadherin expression declined .The expression of the P-cadherin could be detected in epithelial tissues before bud stage , and expressed in mature ameloblasts at secretory stage .Conclusion:The E-cadherin and P-cadherin expressed in different spatiotemporal expression patterns , indicating their individual functions during tooth development .P-cad-herin might function in the secretion and mineralization of enamel .

Objective To investigate the prenatal emotional disorder of the primipame and the related factors,and to analyze its influence on the delivery mode.Methods In the prospective cohort study,590 healthy primiparase were asked to complete a self-compiled questionnaires for their general social mental state,state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI)and self-rating depression scale(SDS).Results Questionnaires of 159 patients were selected and these patients were divided into the anxiety group(114 cases)and the control group(455 cases),the depression group(159 cases)and the control group(410 cases).The ratio of selective cesarean section in the anxiety group was significantly higher(45.61%,32.53%,X2=6.85,P＜0.01),while the successful trial of labor were less than that of the control group(19.35%,47.88%,X2=26.30,P＜0.01).The ratio of selective cesarean section in the depression group was significandy higher than that of the control group(46.54%,31.95%,X2=10.21,P＜0.01),while the successful trial of labor were less than that of the control group(31.76%.46.59%,X2=9.13,P＜0.01).Single-factor analysis showed that prenatal anxiety related to the following factors:fear of childbirth,worried about their children,knowledge for childbirth,high economic status,maternal age and their own economic situation.Conclusions Higher incidence and risk factors of anxiety or depression before delivery,such as advanced delivery age,bad economic condition,weak family support,worrying about the safety of babies and themselves,are found in our study.Prenatal emotional disorder would affect the quality of labor and delivery options,and lead the high risk of cesarean section.

Objective:To compare the success rates of iRoot BP Plus and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) used as pulp capping materials respectively in pulpotomies of human primary molars and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of iRoot BP Plus.Methods:Children who had at least one pair of carious primary molars and needed to receive pulpotomy under general anesthesia were selected in the present split-mouth trail from August to December, 2018. Each pair of the molars was randomly divided into iRoot BP Plus (experimental group) and MTA group (control group). Children were recalled after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment both for clinical and radiographic evaluations. Relevant medical and radiographic records were collected. Success rates of two groups were compared and influence factors were analyzed.Results:Totally 20 children (10 boys and 10 girls), 28 pairs of split-mouth molars (56 molars, 28 in experimental group and 28 in control group) were included in the study. At the end of the study, 23 pairs of molars were received the 12-month follow-up. The success rates of 3, 6 and 12 months were 96% (25/26), 92% (22/24) and 87% (20/23) in the experimental group, and 100% (26/26), 96% (23/24), 96% (22/23) in the control group, respectively. There were no significant differences between each of the follow-ups in two groups ( P>0.05). The success rate of iRoot BP Plus was significantly influenced by the time of hemostasis after amputating the coronal pulp ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Pulpotomies of human primary molars with either iRoot BP Plus or MTA had favorable treatment outcomes. The iRoot BP Plus could be a promising biomaterial in pulpotomy.

Objective:To assess the reliability,and validity of the Chinese version of a short-form of Health Literacy Dental scale(HeLD-14)in 3-6 years old preschool children's parents.Methods:The study population consisted of those eligible 3-6 years old preschool children's parents in Yanqing Dis-trict,Beijing,China in 2021.A total of 1 479 preschool children's parents were surveyed by question-naire to understand the general situation of parents and oral health literacy related content.SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 7.4 were used for statistical analysis.Through Cronbach's α coefficient,confirmatory factor a-nalysis,Pearson correlation calculation,Student's t test and other methods,the internal consistency reli-ability,structure validity,calibration validity and discrimination validity of the scale were evaluated.Re-sults:The Cronbach's α coefficient of Chinese version HeLD-14 scale was 0.958,and Cronbach's α co-efficient of different constructs ranged from 0.778 to 0.963.The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of each item of the Chinese version HeLD-14 scale were between 0.719 and 0.977(P＜0.001),root-mean-square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.04,comparative fix index(CFI)=0.992,Tucker-Lewis index(TLI)=0.988,and the model had good goodness of fit.The total score of the Chinese version HeLD-14 scale and the scores of the dimension of concerning,understanding,sup-porting,financial burden,medical treatment,communication,and application were all positively correla-ted with general self-efficacy,and the correlation coefficients were 0.439,0.406,0.370,0.344,0.346,0.367,0.373,0.390,respectively(P all＜0.05).For parents in the high group with the top 27％HeLD-14 score,the average HeLD-14 score was 69.27±1.06,which was higher than the low group with the bottom 27％HeLD-14 score,41.29±11.09(t=48.13,P＜0.01).Conclusion:The Chinese version HeLD-14 scale has good reliability and validity in the 3-6 years old preschool children's parents,and can be used as a tool to assess the oral health literacy of parents of preschool children.

Objective:To develop a prototype artificial intelligence image recognition system for detecting dental caries, especially those without cavities, in children.Methods:Seven hundred and twelve intraoral photos, which were taken by dental professionals using a digital camera from October 2013 to June 2020 in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, were collected from the children who received dental treatment under general anesthesia. The well-documented post-treatment electronic dental record of each child was identified as label standard to determine whether the teeth were carious and the type of caries types such as caries that had become cavities (caries with cavities), pit and fissure caries that had not become cavities (pit and fissure caries) and proximal caries which the marginal ridge enamel had not been destroyed (proximal caries). The various teeth and caries types were labeled by pediatric dentists using VoTT software (Windows 2.1.0, Microsoft, U S A). There were five labeled groups: pit and fissure caries, approximal caries, non-carious approximal surfaces, caries with cavities and teeth without caries (including intact fillings). Each group was randomly divided into training dataset, validation dataset and test dataset at a ratio of 6.4∶1.6∶2.0 by using random number table. After using the labeled training dataset for deep learning training, a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) image recognition system for detecting dental caries was established, with the caries probability greater than 50.0% as the criterion for determining caries. Sensitivity and accuracy were used as indicators of recognition specificity.Results:Seven hundred and twelve single-jaw intraoral photographs were segmented and annotated into 953 pit and fissure caries, 1 002 approximal caries, 3 008 caries with cavities, 3 189 teeth without caries and 862 non-carious approximal surfaces, totaly 9 014 labels. The sensitivities and specificities of the test set were 96.0% and 97.0% for caries with cavities, 95.8% and 99.0% for pit and fissure caries and 88.1% and 97.1% for approximal caries.Conclusions:The current AI system developed based on deep learning of the intra-oral photos in the present study showed the ability to detect dental caries. Furthermore, the AI system could accurately verify different types of dental caries such as caries with cavities, pit and fissure caries and proximal caries.