Objective To summarize the nursing experience for patients with filtering bleb infection after glaucoma filtering surgery. Methods We introduced the following nursing interventions such as accurate and prompt use of atropine eyedrop according to medical orders, local and intravenous administration of antibiotics and glucocorticoid, reasonable arrangement of medication, close monitoring of patients condition and reaction to treatment. In the same time we also supplied psychological nursing and health education. Results After intervention the symptoms disappeared and inflammation was under control, the filtering bleb became clear and anterior chamber exudation was absorbed, the visual acuity improved in 7 patients with 1 exception. The infection diffused and developed to endophthalmitis in this patient resulting in excavation of eyeball because of delaying hospital admission. Conclusion The keys to prevent filtering bleb infection were accurate, prompt and reasonable arrangement of medication according to medical orders and just-in-time adoption of nursing measures.

Objective To observe the expression of protein phosphates 1 nuclear targeting subunit (PNUTS) in the cochlea of D-galactose induced ageing mice. Methods Twenty Kunming mice, six weeks old, cleaning degree, were randomly divided into two groups, control group and D-galactose group, ten mice for each group. Mice in D-galactose group were administrated with D-galactose at a dose of 800 mg/(kg · d) by subcutaneous injection for eight weeks. Mice in control group were injected with the same volume of saline. After eight weeks, auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were collected to test the hearing thresholds of mice. Western blot assay was used to detect expressions of PNUTS and p53 protein. The expression and distribution of PNUTS in the cochlear Corti, spiral ganglion and striavascularis cells were observed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results There were no significant differences in ABRs at 8, 12 and 24 kHz between two groups. Protein expressions of PNUTS were located in the cochlear hair cells, spiral ganglion cells and striavascularis cells, and the expression level of cochlea was significantly decreased in D-galactose group than that in control group ( P<0.05). The expression level of p53 protein was significantly increased in D-galactose group than that in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion PNUTS is expressed in the normal mouse cochlea, and which is down-regulated in the cochlea of ageing mice induced by D-galactose.

Objective To explore clinical significance of constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus diagnosed by echocardiography.Methods Seventy-one cases with constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) and one fetus with premature closure of DA were detected by fetal echocardiography among 2380 singleton fetuses.The echocardiographic characteristics and clinical outcomes were reviewed and analyzed.Results Of 71 cases with constriction of fetal DA,58 cases were found with right heart enlargement,12 cases with tricuspid regurgitation,8 cases with arrhythmia and 1 case with pericardial effusion.The echocardiographic characteristics showed narrowed diameter of DA,dilatation of pulmonary artery and descending aorta was also noted,DA was markedly curved.The peak systolic velocity(PSV) and enddiastolic velocity(EDV) in the ductus arteriosus measured by pulsed Doppler echocardiography increased (PSV≥ 180 cm/s,EDV≥35 cm/s).All cases were confirmed normal by neonate echocardiography.Conclusions Prenatal echocardiography plays important role in diagnosis of constriction of fetal DA.Early diagnosis and intimate follow-up can direct clinician to offer suitable consultation for parents and management for fetuses.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the expression and potential role of the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) impairment in D -galactose-induced inner ear aging mouse model .Methods Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups :the control group and D -galactose group ,20 mice for each .The D-galactose group mice were treated with a daily subcutaneous injection of the D -galactose solutions (800 mg · kg -1 · d-1 ) or an equal volume of normal saline(for the control group) in the nape back for 8 weeks .Eight weeks after D-galactose administration ,the effects of were measured by total Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity and Malon-dialdehyde (MDA) level in plasma .Immunofluoresence was performed to detect the location of the PP1 expression in the cochlea .Real-time PCR was performed to detect the level of PP1 mRNA in cochlea .A Western blot analysis was performed to analyze the protein levels of protein phosphates 1 nuclear targeting subunit (PNUTS) ,PP1 and caspase-3 in the inner ear .Results The MDA level was more significantly increased in the D -galactose group than in the control group ;however ,the total SOD activity was significantly decreased in the plasma of D -galactose- induced aging mice(P<0 .01) .The results showed that PP1 was predominantly localized in the nucleus and cyto-plasm of the hair cell ,spiral ganglion cell and stria vascularis cell .And the protein levels of PP1 and caspase-3 sig-nificantly increased ,and the level of PNUTS was decreased in the cochlea of the D -galactose group when compared to the control group .Conclusion PP1 contributes to the development of D -galactose-induced aging mice .

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are rare in vivo. It is important to purify, proliferate and differentiate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro for further research. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biological characteristics, phenotype and multiple differentiation potential cultivation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that are isolated, cultured and purified using the whole bone marrow adherence method. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, purified and cultured by the whole bone marrow adherence method. Morphological observation and flow cytometry determination of cellsurface markers were performed. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was induced. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We successful y purified and proliferated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with high cellviability and differentiation ability. Fibroblast-like cells were harvested, expressing CD29 and CD90, but not CD45. Fol owing osteogenic and adipogenic induction, cells were positive for oil red O staining and alizarin red staining. The whole bone marrow adherence method is easy to operate, has little impact on cellviability, and can be used to harvest high-purification bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with high cellviability and differentiation ability.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s from chickens are important cel models for embryonic developmental biology, immunology and oncology research. However, it is difficult to keep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s with good undifferentiated potential in a large-scale expansion system.
OBJECTIVE:To establish a culture system in vitro with laminin coating to expand bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s from chickens.
METHODS:Isolated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s from chickens were seeded in laminin-coated plates and traditional two-dimensional plates, respectively. After expansion in vitro, the morphological characteristics, expression of surface markers, expansion characteristics and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in both conditions were analyzed and compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no statistical differences in the morphological characteristics and expression of surface markers of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s expanded by laminin-coated plates and traditional two-dimensional plates. But, the expansion characteristics and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s cultured in laminin-coated plates were better than those in traditional two-dimensional plates. Laminin culture system could quickly amplify out of a large number of chicken bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s with better proliferation ability and undifferentiated performance. Al above results indicated that a more efficient expansion system with laminin coating is established.

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is a double-stranded DNA herpes virus that is universally susceptible to human populations worldwide.It mainly infects B cells and epithelial cells and has the characteristics of incubation and transformation.The innate immune response is the first line of defense against EBV.In particular, the immune response of type Ⅰ interferons and the direct cell-killing effects of innate cytotoxic lymphocyte are essential for initial control of viral infection and subsequent activation of adaptive immune responses.There is a delicate balance between innate immune response and immune escape of EBV, and the breakdown of the balance is related to the occurrence and prognosis of EBV-related diseases.A better understanding of this balance mechanism will guide the prevention and targeted therapy of EBV-related diseases.This article reviews the role of innate immune cells(epithelial cells, mononuclear/dendritic cells, NK cells, γδT cells, NKT cells)and type Ⅰ interferon in EBV infection and the immune escape mechanism of EBV.

Objective To determine the results of treatment combining all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA)in childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL).Methods 22 children with newly diagnosed APL received induction therapy with ATRA followed by 3 courses of consolidation chemotherapy:daunorubicin,idarubicin,homoharringtonine or aclacinomycin plus cytosine arabinoside.A maintenance therapy was then administered with ATRA and these reigems for 36 months.Results Early deaths from diffuse intravazcular clotting and intracranial hemorrhage occurred in two patients.The other children achieved a complete remission(CR).By June 2007,the estimated disease-free survival rates at 1,3 and 5 years were 100%,93.3% and 84.7%;respectively.The side effects of ATRA were xerosis eutis and xerocheilia,headaches,nausea and vomiting,hepatic function lesion and ATRA syndrome.Conclusion Remission induction therapy with ATRA is effective and safe for newly diagnosed childhood APL.The maintenance therapy combined chemotherapy with ATRA can improve the long-term effects of APL patients.The main causes of death in APL children is diffuse intravascular clotting and intracranial hemorrhage.The side effects of ATRA can be tolerated.

Objective To analyze the genetic quality of 24 domestic inbred strains mice using microsatellite loci panel.Methods Previously selected 30 microsatellite loci of mouse with high polymorphism and more allele numbers were used to synthesize corresponding fluorescently-labeled primers.Then the genomic DNA samples of each mouse were amplified by PCR and the products were analyzed by STR scanning to genotype the inbred strains of mice.Results Out of the 24 inbred strains, 15 inbred strains showed the same genotype within one strain at 30 loci.Among different strains, microsatellite loci indicated polymorphism which could be used to distinguish different strains.However, the rest 9 strains demonstrated polymorphism within strains.Conclusions Our stuoly provides a useful microsatellite panel to detect genetic quality of inbred mice and distinguish different strains with the optimized microsatellite loci.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of sequential therapy with micafungin and reduced -dose voriconazole in prevention of invasive fungal infections in patients received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantion (Allo -HSCT).Methods 28 patients received the treatments for prevention of fungal infection with micafungin 50 mg per day from pretreatment to 30 days,then oral voriconazole at a dose of 1 00 mg two times per day until 90 days after Allo -HSCT.The occurrence of invasive fungal infection and the side effects of both medicine were observed during 1 80 days after Allo -HSCT.Results 8 patients(28.6%)developed above grade 2 acute graft verse host disease(GVHD),2 patients developed grade 3 GVHD among the 8 patients.Two case with GVHD were cured by voriconazole with the therapeutic dose who occurred probably pulmonary invasive fungal infection at two months after Allo -HSCT.There were no other patients diagnosed fungal infection.No toxic efect were observed during the clinical observation during treatment with micafungin.5 patients appeared mild liver function abnormalities during treatment with voriconazole,and liver dysfunction were improved by symptomatic treatment.2 cases developed transient auditory hallucination and visual impairment induced by voriconazole.Conclusion Micafungin and reduced -dose voricon-azole are effective and safe prophylaxis in prevention early invasive fungal infection after HSCT.