Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance and ceftriaxone resistance mechanisms in clinically isolated nontyphoidal Salmonella(NTS),and provide evidence for the prevention and control of NTS infection and rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods 108 NTS isolates were isolated from stool specimens of outpatients with acute diarrhea in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University and Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from May to October of 2014,NTS were performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing;non-ceftriaxone-susceptible isolates were typed by serological,multilocus sequence (MLST),and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)methods,extended-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL)detection and AmpC genes were detection.Results Among 108 NTS isolates,mono-drug resistance rate to 11 antimicrobial agents was 49.07% (n= 53),multidrug resistance rate was17.59% . Susceptibility rates to nalidixic acid,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,ceftriaxone,and ertapenem were 61.11% ,66.67% ,68.52% ,97.22% ,and 100.00% respectively. Three non-ceftriaxone-susceptible NTS isolates were detected,2 were ST11 Salmonellaenterica serotype (Sa8709,Sa8771),1 was ST34 Salmonellatyphimurium serotype(Sa8763). Cluster analysis of PFGE revealed that Sa8709 was highly similar to Sa8771 strains(91 .70% ), but the similarity to Sa8763 was low(55.80% );Sa8709 strain carried CTX-M gene,Sa8771 strain carried CTX-M and TEM genes,Sa8763 strain carried OXA gene. Conclusion Clinically isolated NTS in this area are low resistant to fluoroquinolones,multidrug resistant strains carrying ESBLs have emerged.

Objective:To assess the urethral mobility of normal parous women in China and explore the impacts of related risk factors on it using translabial ultrasound.Methods:Females who met the inclusion criteria in 37 tertiary hospitals from February 2017 to August 2018 were included. All women underwent standardized translabial ultrasound examination and the urethral rotation angle (URA), bladder neck position at maximum Valsalva maneuver (BNP-V) and bladder neck descent (BND) were measured. Questionnaires were used to collect basic information including age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), past medical history, maternity history, and urinary incontinence related history. Mann-Whitney U test and multiple linear regression analysis were adopted to explore the influences of age, BMI, delivery mode and parity on normal parous women′s urethral mobility. Then, the study subjects were divided into different groups and the corresponding values of URA, BNP-V and BND were compared. Results:Compared with parous women with normal BMI and no history of vaginal delivery, those who were overweight and/or had a history of vaginal delivery were more likely to gain greater URA and BND ( P<0.05). The URA and BND were not significantly different between women with different times of cesarean sections ( P>0.05); while for women with a history of vaginal delivery, these two parameters increased with the increase of the number of transvaginal deliveries ( P<0.05). Conclusions:BMI and vaginal delivery are important risk factors for the urethral mobility of normal parous women. The urethral mobility increases with the increase of BMI and the number of vaginal deliveries.

Objective To investigate the antibiotic susceptibilities and the profiles of virulence genes of clinically isolated Salmonella enterica serovars Schwarzengrund ( S. Schwarzengrund) strains for bet-ter understanding the epidemiological trend of this type of non-typhoidal Salomonella and to provide guide-lines for the prevention and treatment of S. Schwarzengrund infection. Methods Stool samples and clinical data of patients with acute diarrhea who received treatment in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical Univer-sity during May, 2014 to October, 2014 were collected for this study. Enrichment culture and biochemical identification were used to isolate and identify the S. Schwarzengrund strains. The isolated strains were fur-ther analyzed with serotyping analysis, drug susceptibility test, pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) and multiple locus sequence typing ( MLST ) . The representative genes carried by Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI) 1-5, SPI regulators and virulence plasmids were amplified by PCR. The coding genes of CdtB-islet, which were cdtB, pltA and pltB were amplified and sequenced. Results In total, 16 (14. 8%) out of 108 non-typhoidal Salmonella strains were identified as S. Schwarzengrund strains and all of them were sus-ceptible to 11 kinds of antibiotics such as fluoroquinolone, ampicillin, ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfame-thoxazole. PFGE categorized the 16 S. Schwarzengrund strains into 3 clusters including A clone ( 14 strains), B clone (1 strain) and C clone (1 strain). The strains that isolated from 8 patients who ate the same food belonged to one cluster ( A clone ) , suggesting that it was an outbreak of infection. The 16 S. Schwarzengrund strains showed identical MLST type, which was ST241. The representative genes carried by SPI1-5 ( invA, sitC, hilA, sseL, sifA, mgtC, siiE and sopB) , the regulatory gene ( phoP) and the cytole-thal distending toxin islet (CdtB-islet) coding genes (cdtB, pltA and pltB) were positive, while the genes carried by virulence plasmids (pefA, prot6E and spvB) were negative. The similarities in CdtB-islet coding genes and amino acids sequences between Salmonella typhi and S. Schwarzengrund strains in this study were more than 97% and 98%, respectively. Conclusion In this study, polyclonal S. Schwarzengrund strains of ST241 type were isolated from the patients. They were susceptible to common antibiotics, but carried the virulence genes contained in SPI1-5 and CdtB-islet coding genes and might cause an outbreak of infection. Attention should be paid to the tendency and threat of clinical S. Schwarzengrund infection and continuous surveillance and investigation should be performed.

Objective:To explore the application effect of case-based learning (CBL) combined with problem-based learning (PBL) interactive teaching mode on the teaching of rehabilitation nursing.Methods:The research objects were 89 nursing interns of Batch 2019 and Batch 2020 from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and they were divided into experimental group ( n=44) and control group ( n=45). The experimental group adopted CBL+PBL interactive teaching mode, and the control group adopted traditional teaching mode. Teaching period lasted 5 months. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for t test. Results:Compared with the control group, the academic and specialized operation performances of experimental group were significantly improved [(84.55±6.35) vs. (89.51±4.87) and (94.74±1.58) vs. (95.93±1.19), P<0.05]. In the comprehensive quality evaluation, the interns' work performance was also significantly improved in experimental group [(9.69±0.51) vs. (9.23±0.99), P<0.05]. Conclusion:CBL+PBL teaching method has better teaching effect than traditional teaching mode in the teaching of rehabilitation nursing interns.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular reasons of weak expression of B antigen on the red cell. METHODS: Serological test for blood group was carried out, including red cell and plasma grouping, and anti-A1 and anti-H testing, and confirming weak A or B antigens by adsorption and elution. Exons 1-7 were sequenced directly, and one of them was cloned and sequenced. RESULTS: All of the 23 samples showed the weak B antigen by serological method. The alleles of the subgroups were identified by DNA sequencing, including 2 Bel subgroup, 4 B3 subgroup, 14 Bw subgroup, 2 CisAB subgroup and a novel allele. The novel allele showed a nucleotide substitution 662G>A in the exon 7, and the sequence was submitted to Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database, and the novel allele was named Bel10. CONCLUSION Nucleotide substitution in exon results in blood subgroup, which showed that the antigens were weakened, and Bw phenotype was the most frequently subgroup.
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Alleles ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Nucleotides ; Phenotype

Objective To investigate the expression profiles of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) during the development of mouse adipose tissue. Methods The total RNA was extracted for real-time PCR for amplification of BAMBI mRNA from the suprascapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous (inguinal) and visceral (gonadal) white adipose tissue (sWAT and vWAT, respectively) of mice at various embryonic and postnatal stages, as well as from isolated primary preadipocytes during differentiation. Results In BAT, BAMBI mRNA levels exhibited a transient increase, peaking at day 0 (D0) and declined thereafter. sWAT and vWAT could be isolated from mice from postnatal D21 onwards, in which BAMBI mRNA levels were the highest and decreased at 8 weeks and 6 months. BAMBI mRNA levels were also significantly reduced in primary preadipocytes isolated from vWAT after induced differentiation. BAMBI mRNA expression level was higher in vWAT than in sWAT and BAT at the same developmental stages. Conclusion BAMBI is differentially expressed in different adipose tissues and developmental stages, which supports the hypothesis that BAMBI plays a pivotal role in the development of adipose tissues.

Objective To investigate the expression profiles of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) during the development of mouse adipose tissue. Methods The total RNA was extracted for real-time PCR for amplification of BAMBI mRNA from the suprascapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous (inguinal) and visceral (gonadal) white adipose tissue (sWAT and vWAT, respectively) of mice at various embryonic and postnatal stages, as well as from isolated primary preadipocytes during differentiation. Results In BAT, BAMBI mRNA levels exhibited a transient increase, peaking at day 0 (D0) and declined thereafter. sWAT and vWAT could be isolated from mice from postnatal D21 onwards, in which BAMBI mRNA levels were the highest and decreased at 8 weeks and 6 months. BAMBI mRNA levels were also significantly reduced in primary preadipocytes isolated from vWAT after induced differentiation. BAMBI mRNA expression level was higher in vWAT than in sWAT and BAT at the same developmental stages. Conclusion BAMBI is differentially expressed in different adipose tissues and developmental stages, which supports the hypothesis that BAMBI plays a pivotal role in the development of adipose tissues.

This study employed the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity model as an anti-diabetic assay and implemented a bioactivity-guided isolation strategy to identify novel natural compounds with potential therapeutic properties. Hypericum sampsoniiwas investigated, leading to the isolation of two highly modified seco-polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) (1 and 2), eight phenolic derivatives (3-10), and four terpene derivatives (11-14). The structures of compounds 1 and 2, featuring an unprecedented octahydro-2H-chromen-2-one ring system, were fully characterized using extensive spectroscopic data and quantum chemistry calculations. Six compounds (1, 5-7, 9, and 14) exhibited potential inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.050 ± 0.0016 to 366.70 ± 11.08 μg·mL^-1. Notably, compound 5 (0.050 ± 0.0016 μg·mL^-1) was identified as the most potential α-glucosidase inhibitor, with an inhibitory effect about 6900 times stronger than the positive control, acarbose (IC₅₀ = 346.63 ± 15.65 μg·mL^-1). A docking study was conducted to predict molecular interactions between two compounds (1 and 5) and α-glucosidase, and the hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of the two unprecedented seco-PPAPs were proposed.
Molecular Structure ; Hypericum/chemistry* ; alpha-Glucosidases ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/pharmacology*