Objective To prepare gadolinium-loaded stearic acid grafted chitooligosaccharide (COSSA-DTPA-Gd) and evaluate its micelle properties,cytotoxicity,relaxation rate in vitro,and pancreatic tumor in vivo imaging.Methods Stear ic acid grafted chitooligosaccharide (COSSA) was synthesized by acetylation reaction between stearic acid and chitooligosaccharide.Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride (DTPA) was conjugated to the residual amino groups of COSSA,then Gd3+ was chelated to obtain the final product.The micelle properties were measured using an electron microscopy and a laser particle sizer.The MTT assay was adopted to determine cytotoxicity.The in vitro relaxation rate and in vivo imaging of pancreatic tumor were evaluated using an MR scanner.Results COSSA-DTPA-Gd could self-assemble into stable micelles in aqueous solutions with a critical micelle concentration of (5.12±0.43)μg/ml.The micelles had positive charge and exhibited roughly spherical shape with a mean diameter of (58.3± 5.7)nm.The content of Gd3+ in COSSA-DTPA-Gd was 330.31 μmol/g.The nanoprobe and Magnevist,the commercial formulation,showed similar cytotoxicity (P＞0.05).The cell survival rate within 24 h were higher than 85％.The in vitro relaxation rate of COSSA-DTPA-Gd was 8.23 mM-1 ·s-1.After intravenous injection,COSSA-DTPA-Gd showed a better positive contrast-enhancing effect for pancreatic tumor than Magnevist.The MR images at the tumor periphery was rapidly enhanced,while a slow increase in image quality was observed in tumor core.Conclusion The prepared COSSA-DTPA-Gd can be used for efficient MR imaging of pancreatic tumor.

Healthy granulation tissue played an important role in the wound healing process. However, some factors which interfered the process would result in unhealthy granulation tissue. Unhealthy granulation tissue may affect wound repairing. This article would focus on the concept, mechanisms, interventions of unhealthy granulation tissue.

Objective To compare the clinical features between radiological isolated syndrome (RIS) and classical multiple sclerosis (CMS), in order to improve the understanding of the RIS. Methods All 35 patients with RIS and 32 patients with CMS were selected. The epidemiological and clinical findings, cerebrospinal fluid, neural electrophysiological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were analyzed. Results There were no statistical differences in sex ratio and onset age between RIS patients and CMS patients (P>0.05). The main symptoms of in patients with RIS were headache (45.7%, 16/35), dizziness (40.0%, 14/35), hypomnesis (20.0%, 7/35) and psychiatric disorders (11.4%, 4/35). But the main symptoms of in patients with CMS were limb weakness (75.0%, 24/32), sensory abnormalities (68.8%, 22/32) and ocular symptoms (34.4%,11/32). The incidences of limb weakness, sensory abnormalities and ocular symptoms in patients with CMS were significantly higher than those in patients with RIS:75.0%(24/32) vs. 0, 68.8%(22/32) vs. 0 and 34.4%(11/32) vs. 0, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01). The 18 patients with RIS and 21 patients with CMS underwent the examination of cerebrospinal fluid, and there was no significant difference in leukocyte between patients with RIS and patients with CMS (P>0.05). The cerebrospinal fluid protein and the incidences of IgG index>0.7 in patients with RIS were significantly lower than those in patients with CMS:0.175 (0.03-0.69) g/L vs. 0.440 (0.04-1.09) g/L and 3/18 vs. 47.6%(10/21), and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The 15 patients with RIS and 22 patients with CMS underwent the examination of neural electrophysiological, and the abnormality rates of visual evoked potential (VEP) and brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in patients with RIS were significantly lower than those in patients with CMS:4/15 vs. 63.6%(14/22) and 3/15 vs. 54.5%(12/22), and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). But there was no statistical difference in the abnormality rate of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) between patients with RIS and patients with CMS (P>0.05). On MRI, the demyelinating lesions of RIS and CMS were both mainly distributed in the periventricular, semi-oval center, infratentorial white matter, partly involving corpus callosum or cortical. The rates of demyelinating lesions in brainstem and cerebellum in patients with RIS were significantly lower than those in patients with CMS:5.7%(2/35) vs. 34.4% (11/32) and 2.9% (1/35) vs. 25.0% (8/32), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or <0.05). Comparison with CMS lesions, RIS lesions mainly showed patching and stippled, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or <0.05). The rates of lesions enhancement and spinal cord injury in patients with RIS were significantly lower than those in patients with CMS: 2/17 vs. 45.0% (9/20) and 1/14 vs. 43.5% (10/23), and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions There are differences in clinical findings, cerebrospinal fluid, neural electrophysiological examination and MRI appearances between RIS and CMS.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the non-supine position and the supine position during the second stage of labor on delivery outcomes.Methods In total,642 singleton term primiparas in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2013 and March 2014 were divided into the non-supine position group (n=320),which included the lateral (n=204) and hands-and-knees position (n=116),and the supine position group (n=322) according to primipara's choice.Delivery outcomes in the two groups were compared using the Student's t test,Mann-Whitney rank sum test and the x2 test.Results The incidence of caesarean section was similar in the non-supine position and supine position groups [0.9％(3/320) vs 1.9％ (6/322),x2=0.438,P=0.508].Compared with the supine position group,women in the non-supine position group had a higher incidence of perineal lacerations grede Ⅰ [85.2％ (270/317) vs 65.2％ (206/316),x2=33.884],longer duration of the second stage of labor [48.0 min (31.0-78.0 min) vs 41.0 min (25.0 67.3 min),Z=-3.066] and greater blood loss after 2 hours of labor [240.0 ml (200.0-287.5 ml) vs 210.0 ml (160.0-260.0 ml),Z=-3.736],but a significant reduction in posterolateral episiotomies [5.3％(17/317) vs 23.4％ (74/316),x2=41.908],perinealedema [13.6％ (43/317) vs 21.2％ (67/316),x2=6.430] and meconiumstained liquor [20.8％ (66/317) vs 33.2％ (105/316),x2=12.356] (all P＜0.05).In the non supine position group,fetal heart rate showed fewer early decelerations,variable decelerations and late decelerations than in the supine position group [10.1％ (32/317) vs 17.1％ (54/316),x2=6.593; 2.8％ (9/317) vs 6.6％ (21/316),x2=5.079; 3.2％ (10/317) vs 7.6％ (24/316),x2 6.139; all P＜0.05,respectively].Conclusions The non supine position during the second stage of labor may improve delivery outcomes.

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Objective:To investigate the expression pattern of microRNA-146a in Brucella patients and its correlation with antibody titers.Methods: By using real time PCR assay, expression levels of microRNA-146a in sera samples from 20 brucellosis patients and 20 healthy volunteers were analyzed.The correlation between expression level of microRNA-146a and serum antibody titers were analyzed with SPSS17.0.Results: A quantification curve of microRNA-146a was constructed with synthesized standard.Expression levels of microRNA-146a among brucellosis patients were significantly lower than those in 20 healthy volunteers (P<0.001).For brucellosis patients,the expression level of microRNA-146a was negatively related with antibody titers (P<0.05). Conclusion:Expression of miRNA-146a in brucellosis patients was significantly inhibited and negatively related with antibody titer.

Objective To study whether abnormalities can be detected by MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technology in radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) patients with normal-appearing white matter (NAWM).Methods Twenty-seven patients who met diagnostic criteria for RIS were collected.Sixteen age-and sex-matched healthy controls with normal neurologic examination findings and no history of neurologic or psychopathic disorders were included.All subjects were examined by both conventional scan and DTI scan on GE Signa 3.0 T MRI.All the images were transmitted to the Advantage Workstation 4.2P and postprocessed using functool software.Anisotropic maps and average diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were reconstructed.Two ROIs were selected in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum separately at the trigone of lateral ventricle level.Other 2 ROIs were selected in the anterior and posterior body of the corpus callosum separately at the level of the lateral ventricle body,and 1 ROI was selected in the white matter of bilateral frontal and occipital lobe separately,then the FA and MD values were measured.The diffusion indices (FA and MD)were analysed by SPSS 13.0.Independent-sample t test was performed to examine the group differences in each subregion.Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess the diffusion indices of two measurements in each subregion.Results The ICC of 2 measurements was 0.934-0.989 (P ＜ 0.01),which showed favorable consistency.The FA values were decreased obviously in the genu,anterior and posterior body of the corpus callosum of the RIS patients compared with controls (0.705 ±0.040 vs 0.738 ±0.045,0.632 ±0.043 vs 0.675 ±0.042,0.628 ±0.043 vs 0.666 ± 0.045,t =-3.526,-4.487,-3.890,P ＜0.01),but the FA values of the two groups did not show any significant difference in the splenium,the white matter of the frontal and occipital lobe respectively (t =-1.387,-0.683,-1.243,P ＞0.05).In comparison with controls,the RIS patients had increased MD values in the genu,anterior and posterior body of the corpus callosum.(0.891 ±0.038 vs 0.874 ±0.035,0.839 ± 0.047 vs 0.794 ± 0.031,0.833 ± 0.039 vs 0.792 ± 0.057,t =2.101,5.836,5.146,P ＜ 0.05),but the MD values of the two groups did not show any significant difference in the splenium,the white matter of the frontal and occipital lobe respectively (t =1.671,1.702,1.624,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The NAWM abnormalities in the patients with radiologically isolated syndrome could be detected by DTI.

Objective To establisha multiplex STR genotyping m ethod for autosom al STR and Y-STR loci in forensic biological practice. Methods W idely used autosom al STR loci and Y-STR loci w ere se-lected. A set of PC R prim ers w as designed, and a 5-dye fluorescent labeled STR multiplex PC R reagent kit w as developed. Results A kit w as developed w hich can sim ultaneously detect 15 autosom al STR loci, 10 Y-STR loci, and an Amelogenin. Conclusion The 15 autosom al STR plus 10 Y-STR kit in com bination w ith capillary electrophoresis m ethod w as used to STR genotyping w ith accurate and reli-able results. The new one-step testing kit can potentially be w idely used in forensic cases and D N A databank in the future.

Objective:To provide reference for the development of a more intelligent and systematic nursing clinical decision support system based on the concept of precision nursing and data sharing, the nursing plan module of clinical decision support system.Methods:An evidence-based knowledge base was constructed based on the nursing process and the standardized nursing terminologies; the nursing plan module was designed according to clinical needs, and the logical reasoning rules were formulated from the generation, sequencing and stopping of nursing problems, objectives, measures and activities, and finally the nursing plan module of clinical decision support system was formed.Results:The nursing plan module of clinical decision support system included the basic information of patients, positive evaluation items and weight values, nursing problems, objectives, measures and activities, etc. the module could automatically deduce the nursing plan according to the patient's individual characteristic index (positive evaluation item), and sort the nursing problems and corresponding measures and activities according to the generation time, weight value and correlation degree. It could automatically distinguish nursing problems, goals, measures and the time of activity stop, and realize intelligent decision-making.Conclusion:The interface of nursing plan module of this system is clear and logical reasoning rules are rigorous. It breaks through the bottleneck of nursing decision-making based on personal professional knowledge and experience in clinical situation for a long time, which can ensure the homogeneity of nursing plan and improve the correctness of decision-making.

Objective:To design and develop an unplanned extubation clinical decision support system, aiming to provide a reference for nurses' clinical decision-making.Methods:Through literature review and expert consultation, the knowledge base of the clinical decision support system for unplanned extubation was constructed, and the system function and interface were designed.Results:The authoritative coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.853 and 0.867, respectively, and the Kendall ′s W were 0.458 and 0.492, respectively. The final built knowledge base included catheter evaluation module, unplanned extubation evaluation module, and knowledge reasoning rule module. At present, the knowledge base had sorted out 48 first-level items, 9 second-level items, 72 third-level items in the catheter evaluation module, and 5 first-level items, 12 second-level items, and 73 third-level items in the unplanned extubation evaluation module. Entry, 40 knowledge reasoning rules. Conclusions:The clinical decision-making system for unplanned extubation has changed the implementation of unplanned extubation risk early warning, optimized the management process, and realized the interaction of the hospital system. It can conduct dynamic unplanned extubation risk assessment based on individualization and assist nurses Make clinical decisions and promote the safety of nursing management.