Objective To prepare gadolinium-loaded stearic acid grafted chitooligosaccharide (COSSA-DTPA-Gd) and evaluate its micelle properties,cytotoxicity,relaxation rate in vitro,and pancreatic tumor in vivo imaging.Methods Stear ic acid grafted chitooligosaccharide (COSSA) was synthesized by acetylation reaction between stearic acid and chitooligosaccharide.Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride (DTPA) was conjugated to the residual amino groups of COSSA,then Gd3+ was chelated to obtain the final product.The micelle properties were measured using an electron microscopy and a laser particle sizer.The MTT assay was adopted to determine cytotoxicity.The in vitro relaxation rate and in vivo imaging of pancreatic tumor were evaluated using an MR scanner.Results COSSA-DTPA-Gd could self-assemble into stable micelles in aqueous solutions with a critical micelle concentration of (5.12±0.43)μg/ml.The micelles had positive charge and exhibited roughly spherical shape with a mean diameter of (58.3± 5.7)nm.The content of Gd3+ in COSSA-DTPA-Gd was 330.31 μmol/g.The nanoprobe and Magnevist,the commercial formulation,showed similar cytotoxicity (P＞0.05).The cell survival rate within 24 h were higher than 85％.The in vitro relaxation rate of COSSA-DTPA-Gd was 8.23 mM-1 ·s-1.After intravenous injection,COSSA-DTPA-Gd showed a better positive contrast-enhancing effect for pancreatic tumor than Magnevist.The MR images at the tumor periphery was rapidly enhanced,while a slow increase in image quality was observed in tumor core.Conclusion The prepared COSSA-DTPA-Gd can be used for efficient MR imaging of pancreatic tumor.

BACKGROUND: Zein has excel ent solubility, heat resistance and biodegradability, but its biocompatibility and effect on periodontal defects repair are under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze biocompatibility of zein and its effect on periodontal defect repair. METHODS: Zein scaffold was prepared by solvent casting/particulate leaching. In vitro test: Human periodontal ligament cel s were co-cultured with zein scaffold for 18 days, and cel growth was observed by scanning electron microscope. In vivo test: Eight Beagle dogs were enrol ed to establish periodontal defect models, which were randomly assigned to receive zein scaffold implantation as experimental group, or interrupted suture as control group. Afterwards, the defect region was observed by scanning electron microscope at 3 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In vitro results: Human periodontal ligament cel s adhered wel and tightly on the scaffold with a fusiform, and could grow around pores. In vivo results: In the experimental group the scaffold dissolved completely, bone trabecular arranged regularly, and mature tissues appeared, to be integrated with the surrounding tissues; in the control group, the defect region almost healed, but there were irregular fibers and obvious lacunae. Moreover, compared with the control group, the height of new alveolar bone and bone defect, as wel as the length of junctional epithelium were significantly decreased, and new cementum was significantly increased in the experimental group (P < 0.05). To conclude, zein scaffold has good biocompatibility and can promote periodontal defect repair.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, tissue engineering technology as a new model for tissue regeneration has provided new ideas and methods for the repair of periodontal tissue defects. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of human periodontal ligament cels-polyglycolic acid scaffold complex for repair of periodontal tissue defects. METHODS:Passage 4 human periodontal ligament cels at a density of 1.5×109/L were seeded onto the polyglycolic acid scaffold to prepare cel-scaffold complex. Then mongrel dogs were selected to make animal models of periodontal tissue defects and then randomly assigned into experimental group subjected to cel-scaffold complex implantation or control group subjected to direct coronal reset and suture of the gingival flap. Colagen content, new blood capilaries, new cementum, new alveolar bone and new periodontal ligament were detected within 4 weeks after operation; hematoxylin-eosin staining of periodontal tissue defects was done at 8 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the experimental group, the colagen content, number of newborn capilaries, amount of new cementum, new alveolar bone and new periodontal ligament tissues were significantly higher than those in the control group at postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks (P< 0.05). At 8 weeks after operation, in the experimental group, there were more vessels arranging on the connective tissue surface of new alveolar bone, the alveolar bone showed a sawtooth-like interlinking with the periodontal tissues in the presence of a thin layer of cementum; in the control group, only new alveolar bone and cementum formed below the incisure. These findings indicate that human periodontal ligament cels-polyglycolic acid scaffold complex can promote periodontal tissue regeneration.

Objective:To investigate the effects of 125I radioactive particle implantation in the treatment of maxillofacial malignancy. Methods:43 patients with maxillofacial malignancy were treated with 125I radioactive particle implantation.The procedure was carried out according to the treatment planning system(TPS),with the particles spaced uniformly at 1 cm intervals and with the activity of 0.7 m Ciby 41 particles per case on a verage.All patients were followed up for 6-60 months.Results:The whole treatment procedurewas successful,and no particle displaced.The follow-up rate was 93.02% and treatment effective rate(CR+PR) was 90.70%.Norecur-rence was foundinall target areas.The mortality due to tumor was 9.30%and total survival rate was 74.43%.The cumulative survival rate of the patients in 0.5,1,2,3 and 5 years was 93.0%,85.7%,79.3,69.8% and 56.9% respectively.Survival periodon aver-age was 36.06-50.04 months,with the median of 43.05 months.The longest tumor-free survival period was 60 months.Radiation in-jury rate was 20.93% and only level 1 radiation injury was observedinall the cases.Facial nerve dys function was found in 2 cases and recovered after treatment.Conclusion:Treatment of maxillofacial malignancy by implantation of 125I particles is convenient and mini-mally invasive.The treatment canincrease survival rate of the patients and guaran tee the oropharynxes' function.

Objective To explore the effect of SIRT1 gene silencing on the radiosensitivity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the protein expression of SIRT1 in DLBCL tissues.Western blot was used to measure the expression of SIRT1 in DLBCL cell lines (OCI-Ly3,SU-DHL-2,and SU-DHL-4) and the immortalized B cell line HMy2.CIR.After SU-DHL-4 cells were transfected with si-SIRT1 and si-NC using Lipofectamine 2000,the expression of SIRT1 was determined by Western blot.MTT assay and colony-forming assay were used to assess the cell growth and colony formation ability of SU-DHL-4 cells treated with radiation.The group t-test or univariate analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups.Results The expression rate of SIRT1 in DLBCL tissues was 72.6%(103/140),which was significantly higher than that in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) tissues (26.5%,8/25)(P=0.001).The SIRT1 expression was significantly higher in DLBCL cells than in HMy2.CIR cells (P=0.020).After SIRT1 gene silencing by si-SIRT1,the expression of SIRT1 was significantly reduced in SU-DHL-4 cells (P=0.008).Besides,SIRT1 gene silencing significantly reduced the growth rate and colony formation ability of SU-DHL-4 cells treated with radiation (P=0.030).Conclusions SIRT1 gene silencing enhances the radiosensitivity of DLBCL cells,providing a novel target for the radiotherapy of DLBCL.

Wnt signaling is implicated in the control of cell growth and differentiation during neural stem cell(CNS) development.Wnt3a, one of wnt gene family members, has effect on regeneration neurospheres and differentiation into neurons.Wnt3a inhibits regeneration of neurospheres, and promotes its differentiation. In vitro neurosphere was cultured in a serum-free defined medium DMEM/F12 supplemented with bFGF and EGF. Dissociated cells were plated onto poly-d-lysine-coated coverslips and propagated in medium containing recombined Wnt3a-adenovirus. Plenty of Nurr1 were detected by RT-PCR after 3 days. Wnt3a combined AA would improve NSC differentiation into dopaminergic (DA) neuron. The quantity of DA neuron is obviously more than the AA alone group's. Moreover, the expression of TH mRNA is 1.86 fold in Wnt3a combined AA group. Induced cells were immunostained for TH and DAT. The proportion of TH-positive was (37.42 ? 2.54) % (P

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis risk factors of the elderly and youth patients with acute severe poisoning.Methods Adult patients with acute severe poisoning in the emergency intensive care unit (EICU) of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2008 to December 2017 were enrolled. The patients were divided into the elderly group (age ≥ 60 years) and the youth group (16 years≤age < 60 years), the clinical data of the two groups were analyzed. The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to the prognosis of 28-day, binary multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of mortality of the elderly and youth patients; receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to assess the predictive value of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ) in mortality of youth patients.Results A total of 343 patients with acute severe poisoning were included, 89 in the elderly group and 254 in the youth group. ① Clinical features: compared with the youth group, the elderly group had higher proportion of basic diseases included hypertension, type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease, higher the initial APACHEⅡ scores at admission, higher the proportion of invasive mechanical ventilation and respiratory failure, and longer the length of EICU stay and the length of hospital stay. The main poisoning causes of elderly and youth patients were suicide (58.43％, 83.86％) and accidents (38.20％, 13.39％). The most common poisoning types of elderly patients were sedative hypnotics (23.60％) and organophosphorus pesticides (22.47％); the youth patients were mainly paraquat (42.52％) and organophosphorus pesticide (17.32％). There were 28 patients died (31.46％) in the elderly group and the cause of death were respiratory failure (53.57％), circulatory failure (32.14％) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, 14.29％). There were 67 patients died (26.38％) in the youth group and the cause of death were respiratory failure (59.70％), MODS (20.90％) and circulatory failure (19.40％). ② Risk factors of deaths: the APACHEⅡ score, incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and MODS in the elderly death group were significantly higher than those in the elderly survival group. Logistic regression analysis showed that AKI was the independent risk factor for death in elderly patients [odds ratio (OR) = 8.449, 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) =2.347-30.410,P = 0.001]. The proportion of female, APACHE Ⅱ score, and the incidence of AKI, respiratory failure and MODS in the youth death group were significantly higher than those in the youth survival group. Logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE Ⅱ score (OR = 1.175, 95％CI = 1.081-1.277,P = 0.001), AKI (OR = 34.470, 95％CI =11.681-101.722,P = 0.001) and MODS (OR = 3.834, 95％CI = 1.264-11.636,P = 0.018) were the independent factors for death in the youth patients. ③ Predictive value: the initial APACHEⅡscore was useful for predicting prognosis of youth patients with acute severe poisoning. The APACHE Ⅱ score to predict the death of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.744 (95％CI = 0.681-0.806,P = 0.001); the cut-off was 5, the sensitivity was 92.54％, the specificity was 51.34％, the positive predictive value was 65.53％, the negative predictive value was 87.31％, the positive likelihood ratio was 1.902, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.145.Conclusions Patients with acute severe poisoning have their own clinical characteristics. To reduce the morbidity and improve the prognosis, we should strengthen the pre-hospital management and optimize the clinical treatment process.

Objective To explore the effect of betulinic acid on NAFLD and its mechanism. Methods We used the high-fat diet animal models, with or without feeding the standard chow diet containing betulinic acid for 2 months. During this period, the body weight was monitored regularly and metabolism cage was used to monitor the energy metabolism of the animals. After killing the mice, molecular biological analysis was performed on serum and tissue related to liver. Results In diet induced obese mice animal experiments, the mice body weight had been reduced and NAFLD had been improved significantly by betulinic acid. The various indexs of serum and liver tissue had also been significantly improved. The metabolic rate increased significantly. Fatty acid synthase gene and protein levels were significantly lower. Furthermore, FAS activity was significantly lower than the control mice. Liver FAS activity of the high fat mice and the high fat mice treated with betulinic acid were (1873.6 ± 85.7) and (1181.6 ± 85.7) pmol NADPH/ min/ mg protein, respectively. Conclusion Betulinic acid inhibited FAS at expression and activity level, and improved lipid deposition in liver.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics,diagnosis,and differential diagnosis of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma(IMA)and mixed invasive mucinous and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma(mIMA).Methods The clinical data were collected in 36 patients with primary IMA and 17 patients with mIMA,and the expression of TTF-1,CK7,CK20,SATB2,CDX2,EGFR,HNF4a,etc.was detected by immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method.The Sanger se-quencing and the FISH were used for KRAS mutation and NRG1 gene rearrangement detection.The clinicopathological character-istics were analyzed with review of relevant literature.Results There were 9 cases(25.0％)and 3(8.3％)cases of papillary and micropapillary structures in IMA,while 13 cases(76.5％)(P＜0.001)and 9 cases(52.9％)(P=0.001)were present in mIMA.There were 5 cases(13.9％)of high nuclear grade of IMA and 10 cases(58.8％)of high nuclear grade of mIMA(P=0.002).TTF-1 had a positive rate of 37.5％in IMA,but 60.0％and 80.0％in the mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma components of mIMA(P=0.021),respectively.The positive rates of CK7,CK20,and CDX2 in IMA were 90.6％,21.9％,and 9.4％,and the positive rates in mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma components of mIMA were 100％,20％,20％and 100％,6.7％,6.7％,respectively and no SATB2 expression was found in all cases.There was no significant difference in the expres-sion of total EGFR and two EGFR mutation-specific antibodies(L858R,DEL19)between IMA and mIMA.There were 3 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma with L858R positive in mIMA,and 2 of them were negative for non-mueinous adenocarcinoma.In another case,the non-mueinous adenocarcinoma component of mIMA expressed DEL19,but the mucinous adenocarcinoma component was not expressed.The positive rate of HNF4a in IMA was 72.0％(18/25),and those of HNF4a in mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in mIMA were 41.7％(5/12)and 33.3％(4/12),respectively(P=0.048).KRAS gene sequencing was carried out in 19 cases of IMA,among which 9 cases(47.4％)had mutations,G12D and G12V were most commonly detected,and 4 cases of mIMA were sequenced,but none of them showed KRAS mutations.FISH detection showed that 2 cases(7.1％)IMAs had NRG1 translocation rearrangement.Conclusion Pulmonary mIMA is more aggressive than IMA.For example,mIMA has significantly more papillary structure,micropapillary structure,and high nu-clear grade cases than IMA.The differences in immunohisto-chemical expression and KRAS mutation between the two are sta-tistically significant.

AIM: To compare the effects of defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS)lens with highly aspherical lenslets(HAL)on delaying the progression of myopia in adolescents.METHODS: Clinical randomized controlled study. Totally 301 students aged 7-12 who underwent optometry in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 were randomly divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 154 patients who were fitted with DIMS lenses(DIMS group). In the second group, 147 cases were fitted with HAL(HAL group). Both groups used 0.01% atropine eye drops to control myopia and all students wore glasses for more than 12 h every day. The spherical equivalent(SE)and axial length(AL)after rapid mydriasis were recorded. The data of the right eyes were taken, and the results after fitting for 12 mo were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that baseline age was significantly correlated with the changes of SE and AL(all P<0.01). After controlling baseline variables, the adjusted changes in SE for 12 mo after wearing glasses in the DIMS group and HAL group were -0.41±0.18 and -0.34±0.13 D, respectively(P<0.001); the changes of AL in the DIMS group and HAL group were 0.31±0.08 and 0.27±0.06 mm, respectively(P<0.001). Patients were divided into younger group(7-9 years old)and older group(10-12 years old). The changes in SE(t=2.250, P=0.025)and AL(t=3.120, P=0.002)of the younger group who wearing DIMS lens were greater than those with HAL after 12 mo, and the same was true in the older group(t=5.931, 5.033, both P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Under the condition of combined use of 0.01% atropine eye drops, HAL is more effective than DIMS lens in controlling myopia diopter and AL of adolescents.