Objective To explore the effect of smoking on the triglyceride ( TG ) , cholesterol ( TC ) , high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) with the male type 2 diabetes. Methods Selected 144 male patients with type 2 diabetes, then divided them into four groups, including non-smokers, former smokers,current mild(≤20 per day) smokers and current heavy ( >20 per day) smokers. All of them were investigated about the age, diabetes pathogenesis, exercise, diet, smoking, lipid-lowering drugs used and checked with TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and so on. The difference of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C among these four groups was compared by the methods of covariance analysis, regression analysis and partial correlation to evalu-ate the relationships of smoking with blood lipid. Results TG of heavy smokers was higher than the non-smokers and HDL-C was lower after correcting the effects of other possibly relative factors(P<0. 05). HDL-C of the former smokers was higher than smokers and TG was lower than heavy smokers(P<0. 05). Smoking was an independent risk factor for HDL-C ( P<0. 05 ,β= -0. 213 ) , and there was a significantly negative relationship between daily cigarette consumption and HDL-C ( r= -0. 223 , P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion Smoking is an important risk factor for the diabetic male patients’ metabolism of the TG and HDL-C,independent of age, body mass index, blood pres-sure,exercise,diabetes pathogenesis, percentage of body fat and blood glucose. Smoking promotes the type 2 diabet-ics’ disorder of blood lipid and smoking cessation is of significance for the diabetics’ regulation of blood lipids.

Animal experiment on influenza virus infection carries certain biohazard risk, with a threat to the health of researchers and public health.The risk levels differ by influenza virus types and subtypes.This article combs the domestic and national laws and rules, and explores the biosafety management of animal study on influenza virus.

BACKGROUND:Mini-screw stability is primarily related to alveolar bone cortical thickness. It is necessary to learn cortical thickness to choose suitable implanting sites and predict success rate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the buccal cortical thickness in maxilary posterior area of Class II Division I malocclusion adolescents. METHODS: Fifty-two adolescents (including 26 male and 26 female) of Class II Division I malocclusion scanned by Cone Beam Computer Tomography were involved in this study. The buccal cortical thickness of six posterior interradicular sites (14-15, 15-16, 16-17, 24-25, 25-26, 26-27) at four bone levels (2, 4, 6, 8 mm) from the alveolar crest in both boys and girls were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no statisticaly significant difference in alveolar cortical thickness between left and right sides in the girls (P > 0.05); cortical thickness of 5-6 and 6-7 at 8 mm was thicker than that at 2 mm (P < 0.05) and cortical thickness of 6-7 at 2 mm was smaler than that at 8 mm (P < 0.05). The cortical thickness increased from crest to base of alveolar crest and reached the peak at 8 mm. Cortical thickness of 6-7 was thicker than 4-5 at 8 mm depth (P < 0.05). The results of males were the same as females. (2) There was no statisticaly significant difference in alveolar cortical thickness of the same site between males and females (P > 0.05). Al sites in this study were suitable for mini-screw implantation; from the first molar to posterior dental arch, buccal cortical thickness is wel-distributed; it is dangerous for implantation in the areas around the first molar more than 6 mm, where the frequent presence of the maxilary sinus is observed. There is an increase of buccal cortical thickness from crest to base of alveolar crest, obtaining good initial stability.

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) induced differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)into myofibroblasts.Methods:Primary mouse BMSCs were isolated from bone marrow by flushing the tibias and femurs of mice , and passage 3 to passage 5 of BMSCs were used in the experiments . BMSCs differentiation into myofibroblast was induced by different doses of TGF-β1.In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor (N-acetylcysteine, NAC) was added to test its effect on the action of TGF-β1.Expressions of BMSCs differentiation parameters , α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagenα1(Ⅰ) [Col α1(Ⅰ)] and collagen α1(Ⅲ) [Col α1(Ⅲ)] were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis.BMSCs were preloaded for 15 min with 2’, 7’-dichlorohydro-fluorescein diacetate ( DCFH-DA) , then stimulated with TGF-β1 for different times , and fluorescence of ROS was measured using high content analysis .Results:TGF-β1 stimulated differentiation of BMSCs into myofibroblasts and up-regulated expression of α-SMA, Col α1(Ⅰ) and Col α1(Ⅲ) in a dose-dependent manner , which blocked by ROS inhibitor NAC .In addition , TGF-β1 could induce a significant rapid and transient increase in ROS production in BMSCs , and the effect of TGF-β1 on ROS production was peaked at 30 min.Conclusion:TGF-β1 induced differentiation of BMSCs into myofibroblasts via production of ROS.

Objective It is necessary for nursing staff members to assign priorities in health education to hospitalized patients to ensure curative effect .The purose of the study was to explore the effect of process management application in health education path -way to patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) . Methods A total of 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly divided into observation group and control group , 35 patients in each group .Traditional health education was done in control group , while health education pathway was performed in observation in observation group according to process management .A study of patients′satisfaction with hospitalization , compliance of medication and knowledge of health education was undertaken . Results Observation group had priority to control group in satisfaction with hospitalization and medication compliance (77.1% vs 42.9%,P <0.05; 80.0% vs 57.1%,P<0.05).As to knowledge of health education , observation group was prior to control group in dietary restrictions , functional training methods and return visit conditions (71.4% vs 40.0%;37.1% vs 14.3%;45.7% vs 17.1%).Howerver, no significant difference was found in congintion of drugs among the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional health educa-tion, the process management application of RA health education pathway helps to improve patients ′health konwledge and medical compliance , which is an effective adjuvant treatment .

Objective To investigate the effects of high density lipoprotein (HDL) on thrombin-activated platelet al-pha-granulemembrane protein (CD62P) and lysosome intact membrane protein (CD63) expressions in vitro. Methods The equivalent volume of washed platelets prepared by hand was preincubated with HDL (1 g/L) in 37℃water for 15 minutes, which was then stimulated with different concentrations of thrombin (0.5 U/mL, 1 U/mL and 10 U/mL) for 10 minutes in wa-ter of 37℃. Meanwhile another three groups of washed platelets were incubated with thrombin (0.5 U/mL, 1 U/mL and 10 U/mL) for 10 minutes, respectively. The CD62P and CD63 from each sample were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Results The CD62P positive rates of HDL-preincubated groups were significantly lower than those of different concentrations of thrombin groups (0.5 U/mL,1 U/mL and 10 U/mL) in the absence of HDL (11.55%± 1.34% vs 18.14%± 1.50%, 17.19%± 0.17% vs 26.24%± 0.77% and 19.79%± 0.32% vs 80.38%± 5.66%,P ＜ 0.01). Meanwhile, The CD63 positive rates of HDL-preincubated groups were also significantly lower than those of thrombin-treated (0.5 U/mL, 1 U/mL and 10 U/mL) groups without HDL, namely,2.92%±0.22%vs 8.09%±0.48%(P＜0.001), 4.20%±0.98%vs 14.15%±1.39%(P＜0.001) and 5.12%± 0.09% vs 24.48%± 1.71%(P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion HDL inhibits the expression of CD62P and CD63 on throm-bin-stimulated platelets in vitro.

To increase the dissolution rate and extent of valsartan, valsartan nanosuspensions have been prepared. Controlled precipitation assisted with sonication is utilized to prepare valsartan nanosuspensions, the concentration of the drug, stabilizer and costablizer had a great effect on the stability of the preparation according to the pre-experiment. So the method of central composite design-response surface is used to optimize the prescription based on the above three factors and the particle size as the response value. The software Origin 8.0 is used to draw the view of the three-dimensional effects and 2D contour map, to get the optimal prescription area. Valsartan nanosuspensions were prepared. The mean diameter and zeta potential are about 216.6 nm and -57.7 mV, respectively. Compared with the microsuspensions and commercial preparation, the dissolution of valsartan nanosuspensions was faster and the bioavailability can be enhanced to some extent.

[Summary] Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into noraml control group(NC, n = 10) and high fat diet group(HF, n=22). 10 weeks later, the HF group rats were injected STZ(30 mg/ kg) to set up the model of diabetes complicating with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Then, HF group were randomly divided into model control group(MC, n = 8) and Saxagliptin intervene group( M + S, n = 8). The M + S group were made an intervention with Saxagliptin(10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) for 8 weeks. At the end of 18 weeks, the fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, liver function, liver weight, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 were measured. HOMA-IR was calculated. Western bolt was used to determine the expression of NF-κB in hepatic tissue. The level of the indexes above increased in the MC group than in the NC group. But the indexes above mentioned in M + S group were ameliorated. The expression of NF-κB was significantly up regulated in MC group as compared with the NC group, and significantly reduced in the M+S group than in the MC group. The results of correlation analysis revealed that TNF-αand IL-6 were positive correlated with HOMR-IR, respectively. Saxagliptin can effectively reduce the blood glucose level and alleviate insulin resistance, then further relieve the inflammation of liver injury, and finally to alleviate the condition of T2DM with NAFLD. It may play a protective role in the damaged hepatic cells.

Objective:To investigate the effects of 125I radioactive particle implantation in the treatment of maxillofacial malignancy. Methods:43 patients with maxillofacial malignancy were treated with 125I radioactive particle implantation.The procedure was carried out according to the treatment planning system(TPS),with the particles spaced uniformly at 1 cm intervals and with the activity of 0.7 m Ciby 41 particles per case on a verage.All patients were followed up for 6-60 months.Results:The whole treatment procedurewas successful,and no particle displaced.The follow-up rate was 93.02% and treatment effective rate(CR+PR) was 90.70%.Norecur-rence was foundinall target areas.The mortality due to tumor was 9.30%and total survival rate was 74.43%.The cumulative survival rate of the patients in 0.5,1,2,3 and 5 years was 93.0%,85.7%,79.3,69.8% and 56.9% respectively.Survival periodon aver-age was 36.06-50.04 months,with the median of 43.05 months.The longest tumor-free survival period was 60 months.Radiation in-jury rate was 20.93% and only level 1 radiation injury was observedinall the cases.Facial nerve dys function was found in 2 cases and recovered after treatment.Conclusion:Treatment of maxillofacial malignancy by implantation of 125I particles is convenient and mini-mally invasive.The treatment canincrease survival rate of the patients and guaran tee the oropharynxes' function.

Objective To analyze the differences in clinical characteristics and risk factors in patients with diastolic heart failure and systolic heart failure. Methods A total of 2 088 patients with heart failure were divided into two groups, diastolic heart failure group (EF≥0.45,n=1 356) and systolic heart failure group (EF<0.45,n=732), according to ejection fraction (EF). The clinical features and related factors affecting the two types of heart failure were compared between two groups. Results There were higher age, higher proportion of women and higher proportion of hypertensive patients in dia?stolic heart failure group than those of systolic heart failure group, but lower rates of hypoalbuminemia, anemia, renal insuffi?ciency and hyperuricimia. There was higher incidence of functional class I and II in diastolic heart failure group. And com?pared with systolic heart failure group, there were higher levels of systolic blood pressure, albumin, prealbumin, cholesterol, sodium and serum chloride in diastolic heart failure group, but lower levels of heart rates, creatinine, blood uric acid, potassi?um and brain natriuretic peptide. Compared with systolic heart failure group, there were lower left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) in diastolic heart failure group. And there were lower RAS blocker andβ-blocker usage, higher statin usage in diastolic heart failure group. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender and hypertension were significantly correlated with diastolic heart failure, and hypoalbuminemia and hyper?uricimia were significantly correlated with systolic heart failure. Conclusion Our results show that there are differences in clinical features and risk factors in patients with diastolic heart failure and systolic heart failure. We should take the differ?ent treatment and prevention programs for the two kinds of heart failures.