Liver fibrosis is a pathological process of the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, especially collagen al (I) in liver. Ultimately, hepatic fibrosis leads to cirrhosis or hepatic failure. Liver fibrosis and early cirrhosis can be reversed, thus control of the development of liver fibrosis is very important for preventive treatment of cirrhosis and hepatic failure. This is a review of potential targets for anti-hepatic fibrosis based on plenty of publications, including TGF-β1 and integrin α(v) and so on, aimed at providing novel therapeutic targets in liver fibrosis.

Aim To investigate the neurotoxicity and the changes of nitration in the striatum of rats treated with methamphetamine(MA).Methods The rats were randomly divided into MA group and control group.The stereotyped behavior and body temperature of the rats were recorded.The differences of nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and nitroprotein were compared between the two groups.Results The score of stereotyped behavior and the body temperature of the rats in MA group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P ＜0.01);Compared with the control group, the content of NO and the activity of NOS of striatum in MA group were significantly increased(P ＜0.01), and nitration of protein was also upregulated(P ＜0.01).Conclusion The increases of NOS activity, NO level and nitroprotein may play an important role in MA-induced neurutoxity in rat striaturn.

For screening the potential drugs as anti-liver fibrosis candidates, we established a high- throughput drug screening cell model based on COL1A1 promoter. The activity of COL1A1 promoter and luciferase reporter gene can be elevated by TGF-β1, and inhibited by candidate drugs. We constructed a recombined plasmid with COL1A1 promoter and luciferase reporter gene pGL4.17, the activity of COL1A1 promoter was reflected by fluorescence intensity. COL1A1 promoter activity was detected by Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System, it came that the relative luciferase activity of COL1A1 promoter was 15.98 times higher than that of control group induced by TGF-β1, showing the recombined plasmid could be used in cell model. The recombined plasmid was transfected into human hepatic stellate cells LX2, detected the effect of potential drugs, and obtained a stable expression system through stable transfection and monoclonal cell culture. A sample which could reduce COL1A1 promoter activity signally by our cell model, decreased collagen I mRNA and protein expression detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. It indicates this novel cell model can be used in high-throughput drug screening of potential anti-liver fibrosis drugs.

Objective To observe the short-term quality of life in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCM) after percutaneous transluminal septal tunnel myocardial ablation (PTSTMA). Methods The quality of life in patients with OHCM were assessed by the SF-36 before and three months after PTSTMA. Results Three months after the procedure , quality of life was markedly improved at different variances in patients with OHCM as compared with the baseline. The linear regression analysis showed the factors influencing quality of life were character, coexistence with other diseases, and 6-minute walk test. Conclusions Percutaneous transluminal septal tunnel myocardial ablation can improve the short-term quality of life in patients with OHCM. Postoperative psychological counseling and rehabilitation guidance can practically enhance quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the effects of breast massage at different time periods on lactation yield and breast feeding success rate.Methods:240 pregnant women who gave birth at scheduled time in The First People's Hospital of Wenling from January 2018 to May 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into control group, observation group 1 and observation group 2 ( n = 80/group). The control group was only given routine nursing after delivery without breast massage. The observation group 1 received breast massage at 2 hours postpartum based on routine nursing. The observation group 2 received breast massage at 24 hours postpartum based on routine nursing. Breast comfort rate, the time to lactation, lactation yield at 1 and 3 days after intervention were compared between groups. The number of daily vomiting, crying and fecal empties at 4 days postpartum were compared between groups. The success rate of breastfeeding and the increases in neonatal body mass and height at 42 days postpartum were determined in each group. Results:Breast comfort rate in the control group, observation group 1 and observation group 2 was 71.25% (57/80), 93.75% (75/80) and 83.75% (67/80), respectively. There was significant difference in breast comfort rate among the three groups ( χ2 = 26.466, P < 0.05). The incidence of postpartum breast problem in the control group, observation group 1 and observation group 2 was 27.50% (22/80), 5.00% (4/80) and 15.00% (12/80), respectively. There was significant difference in the incidence of postpartum breast problem among the three groups ( χ2 = 10.478, P < 0.05). The time to lactation in the control group, observation group 1 and observation group 2 was (33.54 ± 7.28) hours, (5.56 ± 2.01) hours and (22.32 ± 4.23) hours, respectively ( F = 27.897, P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the time to lactation between groups ( F = 27.897, P < 0.05). The lactation yield in the observation group 1 and observation group 2 was significantly greater than that in the control group ( F = 6.208, 10.458, both P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the number of daily vomiting, crying and fecal empties at 4 days postpartum among the three groups ( F = 71.54, 9.26 and 10.45, all P < 0.05). The success rate of breastfeeding in the observation group 1 was 93.75% (75/80), which was significantly higher than 85.00% (68/80) in the observation group 2 and 75.00% (60/80) in the control group ( χ2 = 7.841, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the increases in body weight and height of newborns among the three groups at 42 days postpartum ( F = 10.645, 5.789, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Breast massage at 2 hours postpartum can greatly increase the comfort rate of maternal breast, effectively reduce the incidence of postpartum breast problem, shorten the time to lactation, increase the amount of postpartum lactation yield, and the success rate of breastfeeding.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of using virtual reality ( VR) to improve the upper limb function of hemiplegic persons. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EM-BASE, CNKI and Wanfang Data as well as VIP for reports of randomized and controlled studies of using VR in train-ing upper limb function after stroke. A meta-analysis was then performed using version 5. 3 of the Review Manager software. Results Ninety studies involving 879 patients were found and analyzed. The data showed that VR was sig-nificantly more effective than conventional training in improving Fugl-Meyer assessment scores. It was not superior, however, in improving average Functional Independence Measure scores or performance in the box and blocks test. Conclusion VR is superior to conventional training in promoting the recovery of upper limb function after a stroke.

Objective To study the characteristics of the sciatic nerve injuries inflicted by highvelocity triangle fragments in swine.Methods According to the injury position,14 swines weighing (34.29±5.2)kg were divided into two groups.All swines were shot by 0.37 g triangle fragments at (773.1±12.4)m/s aimed at the midpoint of the lateral body surface projection of the right sciatic nerve in Group A(n=7)and at 2 cm aside from sciatic nerve in Group B(n=7).The entrance,exit and length of wound tract,distance between nerve and wound tract were detected,and the pathology of sciatic nerve and wound tract at 48 hours after injury were observed under light microscope and electron microscope.Results The course of the fragments was deviated to different extent.Six sciatic nerves were in primary wound tract,four of which were lacerated and ruptured at different degrees.The light microscope showed pathological changes including severe hemorrhage and edema,leukocytic infiltration,neurotmesis,axonotmesis and light myelin coloration;while electron microscope showed severe degeneration of myelin sheath and neuraxon distortion.Six nerves(one in Group A and five in Group B)were in the concussion zone,with the distance between sciatic nerve and primary wound tract for(2.07±0.45)cm.Hyporrhea and hyperemia under perilemma and perineurium,partial nerve fiber disrupt and axonotmesis were observed by light microscope and partly myelin sheath delamination by electron microscope.Two nerves (one in Group A and another in Group B)were in the contusion zone,with moderate pathological changes.Conclusions The track of high velocity triangle fragments is unstable in the tissues.High disrupt rate,severe and wide extent lesion,early Wallerian degeneration are the main characteristics of direct injuries of swine's sciatic nerves.Indirect injuries can induce pathologic changes too,for which the lesion severity is related to the distance between nerves and primary wound tract.

Objective To evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of the Aeromonas strains isolated from extra-intestinal specimens during 7-year period in a tertiary hospital in Chongqing for appropriate antibiotic treatment.Methods WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the clinical data and results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Aeromonas strains to 14 antibiotics according to CLSI breakpoints (CLSI-M45-A3).Results A total of 230 non-duplicate Aeromonas strains were collected from January 2010 to December 2016.The most common species were Aeromonas hydrophila (83.0％) and Aeromonas sobria (14.8％).Majority of the strains were isolated from wound secretion,bile and urine.Overall,46.8％ of the Aeromonas isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,followed by ceftriaxone (37.0％) and cefuroxime (28.8％).More than 10％ of the strains were resistant to aztreonam,cefepime and ciprofloxacin.More than 90％ of the strains were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoxitin,levofloxacin,gentamicin,amikacin,imipenem and meropenem.Only 4.0％ and 1.7％ of the strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Aeromonas hydrophila showed higher antibiotic resistance than Aeromonas sobria to all the antibiotics tested except piperacillin-tazobactam,imipenem,and amikacin.None of the Aeromonas sobria isolates was found resistant to meropenem.Conclusions The Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria isolates are the dominant Aeromonas species in Chongqing.The antibiotic resistant profiles vary with Aeromonas species and site of infection.The use of third generation cephalosporins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be cautious in Aeromonas infection due to the high resistance level.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) in a rat model of renal injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

METHODSForty-five healthy Wistar rats were randomized into sham operated group, model group, and 3 penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) dose (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg) groups (PHC1, PHC2, and PHC3 groups, respectively). The arterial blood samples were collected to determine the concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1 (IL-1), urine creatinine (Cr) and blood urine nitrogen (BUN), and the renal tissues were collected to measure the expressions of ICAM-1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and observe the pathological changes.

RESULTSTNF-α, IL-8, IL-1, Cr, BUN, ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the 3 PHC groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1, Cr and BUN were significantly lower in PHC1 (P<0.05) than in the PHC2 and PHC3 groups, and ICAM-1 and NF-κB were similar between 3 PHC groups (P>0.05). Compared with the model group, the 3 PHC groups showed lessened pathological changes in the renal tubules.

CONCLUSIONPHC has protective effects against renal injury induced by hemorrhagic-endotoxin shock in rats, and treatment with 1 mg/kg PHC produces the most significant protective effect.

Acute Kidney Injury ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Animals ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Kidney Tubules ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Quinuclidines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; blood ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

AIM:To investigate the challenges and needs of individual ophthalmologists participated in the training and their countries in the prevention and treatment of blindness and visual impairment, sum up the training effects, and discuss how to promote the development of eye health in the Belt and Road countries in the future.METHODS:A total of 48 ophthalmologists from 6 countries, including Kenya, Zambia, Nigeria, South Africa, Malawi, Botswana between August 1 and August 30, 2022, were trained and anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions covering three aspects: challenges and strategies related to vision impairment and blindness in the country, training satisfaction, and recommendations for establishing optometric centers in Africa.RESULTS: A total of 48 questionnaires were distributed and 47 valid questionnaires were collected. The ophthalmologists hold the view that the biggest challenge of their countries in prevention and treatment of ocular diseases was high nursing costs, accounting for 36.17%, the biggest challenge faced by ophthalmologists was low wages, accounting for 29.79%. Building more eye specialist hospitals(38.30%)and providing more training opportunities(65.96%)can effectively help the countries and the ophthalmologists. The organizational satisfaction with the training courses reached 98%, the content and the lecturers' satisfaction were 100%.CONCLUSION:There are urgent needs to build more ophthalmic hospitals and provide more professional training opportunities to solve the difficulties in the prevention and treatment of eye diseases of the countries and the ophthalmologists. This training program has high satisfaction and good feedback.