Objective To explore the effect of smoking on the triglyceride ( TG ) , cholesterol ( TC ) , high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) with the male type 2 diabetes. Methods Selected 144 male patients with type 2 diabetes, then divided them into four groups, including non-smokers, former smokers,current mild(≤20 per day) smokers and current heavy ( >20 per day) smokers. All of them were investigated about the age, diabetes pathogenesis, exercise, diet, smoking, lipid-lowering drugs used and checked with TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and so on. The difference of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C among these four groups was compared by the methods of covariance analysis, regression analysis and partial correlation to evalu-ate the relationships of smoking with blood lipid. Results TG of heavy smokers was higher than the non-smokers and HDL-C was lower after correcting the effects of other possibly relative factors(P<0. 05). HDL-C of the former smokers was higher than smokers and TG was lower than heavy smokers(P<0. 05). Smoking was an independent risk factor for HDL-C ( P<0. 05 ,β= -0. 213 ) , and there was a significantly negative relationship between daily cigarette consumption and HDL-C ( r= -0. 223 , P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion Smoking is an important risk factor for the diabetic male patients’ metabolism of the TG and HDL-C,independent of age, body mass index, blood pres-sure,exercise,diabetes pathogenesis, percentage of body fat and blood glucose. Smoking promotes the type 2 diabet-ics’ disorder of blood lipid and smoking cessation is of significance for the diabetics’ regulation of blood lipids.

- () is the earliest and existed well-known work on acupuncture and moxibustion, with irreplaceable literature values and huge impacts on the later generations. Feiyang (BL 58) is the -connecting point of the bladder meridian and recorded 11 times in -. This book is the representative for the exploration on the acupoint nomenclature and clinical connotation. Through the investigation on the textual connotation of the specified terms and the alias of Feiyang (BL 58), it was discovered that the nomenclature of this acupoint was based on the main symptoms, the characters of the running course of meridian and acupuncture effects. It was proved that the unique property of this acupoint was as rising, dispersing and flying of meridian . In comparison of -- () of the printed edition of the Dynasty version and - (), it was found that the indications and connotation of Feiyang (BL 58) were more extensively richer than the records in teaching materials. Those study results contribute to the extension of the clinical application of this acupoint.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Meridians ; Moxibustion ; Terminology as Topic

Objective:To amendment a tool of theory of mind (TOM) tests that can be applied to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mainland China,and assess the ability of ToM of children with ASD.Methods:The items of the ToM tests were revised by observing and recording events of children's life.Totally 200 normal children were selected in line with the standard from kindergarten to Grade 6 for formal tes-ting.With 156 valid data,Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach α coefficient were established for the test.Three experts were invited to make sure the content validity.Researchers randomly selected 30 normal children for retest purpose after 2 months.Twenty five children with ASD were tested and compared with normal children's test scores.Results:The revised test included 39 entries,which was divided into three sub-tests,42 points in total.The correlation coefficient of three subtests of the tests was 0.54-0.77,the correlation coefficient between the test and the subtest was 0.62-0.93 (Ps ＜ 0.01).The scores of three experts for the test were 114,108,and 105.The total scores and subtest scores were lower in children with ASD than in normal children (Ps ＜0.01).The Cronbach a coefficient of the test was 0.84,Cronbach a coefficients for three subtest were 0.83,0.80,and 0.78,respectively.The retest reliability was 0.84,and reliabilities for three subtest were 0.75,0.74,and 1.00.Conclusion:The revised Theory of Mind Tests for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder are fulfilled mostly in line with psychometric testing requirement.It might be a selection to measure the ability of theory of mind of children with ASD in mainland China.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of cognitive dysfunction with intracranial lesions and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).Methods:Thirty-one NMOSD patients (7/24 males/females) were enrolled in the Department of Neurology of the Sixth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from August 2019 to August 2022. The average age was 42±13 years, and the average education level was 12 (9, 12) years. There were 30 healthy controls, 11/19 males/females, with an average age of 47±9 years and an average education of 12 (9, 15) years. The general clinical data and imaging data were collected, and the subjects were assessed on their cognition, anxiety and depression using the assessment scale approved at home and abroad. A cross-sectional study was conducted on them. The t-test or Wilcoxon test was used for inter-group comparison, and Pearson test or Spearman test was used to explore the correlation between the cognition of NMOSD patients and their intracranial lesions, depression and anxiety. Results:Compared with the healthy control group, NMOSD patients had significantly lower scores on MoCA ( Z=-3.10, P=0.002), CRAVLT-N7 ( Z=-5.12, P<0.001), CRAVLT-N8 ( t=-4.40, P<0.001), ROCF-R ( t=-3.10, P<0.01), ROCF-C ( Z=-2.72, P<0.01), PASAT-3 ( Z=-2.71, P<0.01), PASAT-2 ( Z=-3.14, P<0.01), and CWT-A ( Z=-3.10, P<0.01)scales. Frontal lobe lesions were negatively correlated with PASAT-2 ( r=-0.448, P=0.012) scores, temporal lobe lesions were negatively correlated with CRAVLT-N9 ( r=-0.564, P=0.001), and parietal lobe lesions were negatively correlated with MoCA ( r=-0.374, P=0.038), PASAT-3 ( r=-0.426, P=0.017), and PASAT-2 ( r=-0.459, P=0.009) scores; The scores of MoCA ( r=-0.392, P=0.029), CRAVLT-N6 ( r=-0.396, P=0.028), CRAVLT-N7 ( r=-0.415, P=0.020), CRAVLT-N8 ( r=-0.406, P=0.023), PASAT-3 ( r=-0.537, P=0.002) and PASAT-2 ( r=-0.495, P=0.005) scales were negatively correlated with the scores of HAMD assessment, and the scores of PASAT-3 ( r=-0.499, P=0.004) and PASAT-2 ( r=-0.452, P=0.011) were negatively correlated with the scores of HAMA. Conclusions:The cognitive function of patients with NMOSD is significantly reduced, involving multiple cognitive domains. The cognitive function is affected by the distribution of intracranial lesions and the degree of depression and anxiety.

Objective:To investigate the value of renal glucose threshold and related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:According to the cut-off point of normal renal glucose threshold(RT G 8.9-10 mmol/L), 107 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of our hospital were divided into three groups: high RT G group(RT G>10 mmol/L), medium RT G group(8.9 mmol/L≤RT G≤10 mmol/L), and low RT G group(RT G<8.9 mmol/L). The clinical data and biochemical characteristics of each group were collected and analyzed. Results:The proportions of patients with high, medium, and low RT G of type 2 diabetes mellitus were 56%, 29%, and 15%, respectively. There were significant differences in RT G value, age, course of disease, body mass index(BMI), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), HbA 1C, total cholesterol(TC), serum creatinine, mean blood glucose(MBG), and 24-hour urine glucose between high and medium RT G groups. RT G, gender, BMI, FPG, HbA 1C, TC, and MBG in patients with high RT G group were different from those in low RT G group. Only RT G revealed a difference between medium and low RT G groups. Correlation analysis showed that RT G was positively correlated with gender, age, BMI, HbA 1C, TC, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C). Regression analysis showed that BMI, HbA 1C, and LDL-C were the related factors affecting the RT G of patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion:There is a larger proportion of patients with high RT G in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their BMI, HbA 1C, and LDL-C are associated with RT G in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The disability and mortality of acute ischemic stroke are very high,which brings great burden to family and society.Timely and effective vascular recanalization is possible to make a good prognosis for patients.Since 2008,the intravenous thrombolytic therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke within the time window has become the recommended treatment scheme of the guidelines in different countries.However,intravenous thrombolysis has the disadvantages of low vascular recanalization rate,narrow treatment time window,and relatively more contraindications,which limits its clinical application.In recent years,with the appearance of stent-like thrombectomy devices,mechanical thrombectomy within the time window has gradually become the mainstream treatment scheme for acute ischemic stroke.The latest guidelines for stroke treatment recommend the use of intravenous thrombolytic bridging endovascular thrombectomy within the time window.However,it is still unclear whether intravenous thrombolysis will increase the rate of vascular recanalization,improve clinical outcome,and increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage before thrombectomy.This article reviews the vascular recanalization rate,clinical outcome,and intracranial hemorrhage risk of bridging therapy and direct mechanical thrombectomy.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of concurrent infection in adult patients with hypopituitarism (HP).Methods:Clinical data of patients diagnosed with HP in Fuyang People′s Hospital from October 2016 to August 2020 were collected. Patients were divided into infected group and non-infected group according to whether they were co-infected, and the differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. The risk factors of infection in HP patients were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results:The top three clinical manifestations of 64 HP patients were decreased libido; lack of energy, fear of cold, and poor appetite; hyponatremia. Etiological analysis of 64 HP patients: 23 cases of Sheehan′s syndrome, 14 cases of postoperative brain tumors (pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, meningioma), 8 cases of idiopathic, 7 cases of pituitary adenoma, 8 cases of pituitary volume and morphology changes, and 4 cases of empty sella turcica. 40.32%(25/62) of patients with adrenal axis dysfunction received glucocorticoid replacement therapy, with 80%(20/25) receiving prednisone and 20%(5/25) receiving hydrocortisone. The replacement dose was 2.5-25(6.77±3.90)mg of prednisone equivalent dose. 37.70%(23/61) of patients with low thyroid axis function received thyroid hormone replacement therapy, of which 52.17%(12/23) free thyroxine (FT4) levels were still lower than the lower normal limit. 20%(2/10) of males ≤60 years old and 5.56%(1/18) of females≤50 years old received hormone replacement therapy for patients with hypogonadism of the gonadal axis. Among 64 HP patients included, 29 were co-infected (infected group) and 35 were not co-infected (non infected group). There was no significant difference between the infected group and the non infected group in gender, etiology, number of pituitary axis involved, glucocorticoid replacement therapy dose, thyroid hormone replacement therapy dose, and sex hormone replacement therapy rate (all P>0.05). Compared with the non infected group, the infected group was older, had a longer course of disease, lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and albumin levels, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05), while the other indicators showed no statistically significant difference (all P>0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, course of disease, occupation, and albumin level were the influencing factors of HP complicated infection (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The most common cause of pituitary dysfunction in adults is Sheehan′s syndrome; Adult HP patients who are older, have a longer course of disease, work as farmers, and have hypoalbuminemia are more likely to develop concurrent infections.

Objective:To investigate the collateral circulation compensation model in patients with favorable prognosis of basilar artery occlusion/severe stenosis treated with drugs or endovascular therapy.Methods:Clinical data of patients with basilar artery occlusion/severe stenosis and good clinical outcome were retrospectively collected in the Department of Neurology, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020. They were divided into intensive drug therapy group and combined endovascular therapy group. The number and ways of collateral compensation pathway described by digital substraction angiography (DSA) were analyzed, and the characteristics of the collateral compensation model were summarized. SPSS22.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the constituent ratio (%) was used for statistical description of the enumeration data.Results:A total of 32 eligible patients were included, including 27 males and 5 females, with an average age 45-76 (59±10) years. The compensation model included posterior communicating artery-posterior cerebral artery (13 cases, 40.6%), posterior communicating artery-posterior cerebral artery-basilar artery (10 cases, 31.2%), cerebellar artery-anastomotic branches of superior cerebellar artery (8 cases, 25.0%), anterior choroid artery-anastomotic branches of posterior choroid artery (2 cases, 6.2%), collateral circulation not established (11 cases, 34.4%).In drug treatment group, collateral compensation was found in the majority (14/15), with mainly posterior communicating artery (10/14).Most patients in combined treatment group did not develop collateral compensation (10/17), anastomotic branches of PICA-SCA were the main routes (6/7).Conclusion:In patients with basilar artery occlusion/severe stenosis, favorable clinical outcome can be achieved in both groups of patients treated with intensive drug therapy or endovascular therapy.

Objective:A prospective, multicenter randomized controlled clinical research was conducted to explore the diagnostic value of the new optical staining technology for domestic endoscope, spectral focused imaging (SFI) and variable intelligent staining technology (VIST), for gastric precancerous lesions.Methods:Patients who intended to undergo gastroscopy between August 2020 and May 2021 were randomly divided into the white light group and the new optical staining group at the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. A sequential examination method was applied (white light to new optical staining or new optical staining to white light). The endoscopic diagnostic results and the detection results of Helicobacter pylori ( HP) of the two groups were recorded. At the same time, such five variables as gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, fold enlargement, nodular gastritis and diffuse redness were evaluated for the risk of gastric cancer in the two groups. Results:A total of 419 cases were enrolled, including 208 cases in the white light group and 211 cases in the new optical staining group. Compared with pathological findings, the detection rates of gastric inflammation, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and advanced cancer lesions in the white light group were 28.9%, 40.4%, 64.9%, 17.8%, 0.5% and 0.5% respectively; while those in the new optical staining group were 30.8%, 42.7%, 62.6%, 15.2%, 2.8% and 0.5%. There were no significant differences in the detection rates between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with pathology, the sensitivity, the specificity, the accuracy, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value for gastric mucosal atrophy in the white light group were 92.9%, 61.3%, 74.0%, 61.9% and 92.7% respectively and those in the new optical staining group (SFI mode) were 94.4%, 64.5%, 77.3%, 66.4% and 94.0% respectively. The above 5 measures for gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia were 68.1%, 72.6%, 69.7%, 82.1% and 55.2% in the white light group, and 87.1%, 89.9%, 88.2%, 93.5% and 80.7% in the new optical staining group (VIST mode), with significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). In terms of HP infection with 13C-urea breath test ( 13C-UBT) results as the gold standard, the above 5 measures were 90.2%, 84.3%, 87.4%, 86.8% and 88.2% in the white light group and 92.6%, 77.1%, 85.4%, 82.2% and 90.1% in the new optical staining group respectively. The proportion of high-risk gastric lesions in the new optical staining group was higher in cases of a gastric cancer risk score≥ 4 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The new optical staining technology of domestic endoscopy has higher diagnostic value for gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia. Gastroscopy is helpful for the detection of precancerous lesions with gastric cancer risk score as a tool. The new optical staining technology of domestic endoscopy is similar to imported endoscopy in diagnosing gastric precancerous lesions and HP infection, which is an effective means to detect gastric mucosal precancerous lesions.

Objective: To investigate the enhancement effect of Xinjiang wild Artemisia rupestris L. crude polysaccharides (WARCP) as an adjuvant on ovalbumin (OVA) vaccine in mice immunized intramuscularly. Methods: ICR mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (5 per group), including 9 g/L NaCl group (blank control), OVA group (10 μg OVA), low dose WARCP/OVA group (OVA+50 μg WARCP), medium dose WARCP/OVA group (OVA+200 μg WARCP), high dose WARCP/OVA group (OVA+400 μg WARCP), and aluminum adjuvant (Alum)/OVA group (positive control group, OVA+100 μg Alum). ICR mice were immunized intramuscularly and weighted. The OVA-specific antibodies and subtypes in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T cells subsets from spleen and lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometry. Results: The medium-dose WARCP/OVA group enhanced IgG and IgG1 levels and increased early antibody levels (all P<0.05). The medium-dose WARCP/OVA group and the high-dose WARCP/OVA group significantly enhanced IgG2a levels (all P<0.05), but the difference was not statistically significant comparing with Alum/OVA group (P>0.05). The low-dose WARCP/OVA group enhanced the percentage of CD4⁺ T cells in spleen and CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, CD4⁺CD44⁺ T cells in lymph nodes (all P<0.05). The medium dose WARCP/OVA group and the high dose WARCP/OVA group enhanced the CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, CD4⁺CD44⁺ T, CD8⁺CD44⁺ T cells in spleen and CD8⁺CD44⁺ T cell in lymph nodes (all P<0.05). Conclusions Plant-derived WARCP as an OVA protein vaccine adjuvant can enhance cellular immunity and humoral immunity, and it is safe and reliable. The results in this study provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of WARCP.