Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and related adverse reactions of the combination of camrelizumab with anlotinib as the third-line therapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 84 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after second-line treatment. According to different treatment methods, 44 patients who received camrelizumab combined with anlotinib were included in the observation group, and 40 patients who received anlotinib alone were included in the control group. The PFS, ORR, DCR and incidence of adverse reactions were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results The median PFS of the observation group was longer than that of the control group (7.0 vs. 5.6 months, P=0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed in ORR, DCR, the incidence of adverse reactions or the incidence of adverse reactions above grade 3 between two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion The clinical efficacy of camrelizumab combined with anlotinib as third-line therapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer is better than anlotinib alone, and the safety is good.