Objective To evaluate the effects of intrathecal 2-PMPA on chronic inflammatory pain in rats . Methods Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley rats ,aged 4-6 months ,weighing 200-250 g ,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table :normal saline (NS) group ,complete Freund′s adjuvant (CFA ) group and N-acetylaspartylglutamate peptidase inhibitor 2-PMPA group (group 2-PMPA ) . Chronic inflammatory pain was induced by injecting 100μl of CFA into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw .Immediately after injection of CFA ,2-PMPA 100 μg was injected intrathecally once a day for 3 consecutive days in group 2-PMPA ,while the equal volume of NS was given instead of 2-PMPA in NS and CFA groups .The paw withdrawal latency to thermal nociceptive stimulus (TWL ) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT ) to von Frey filament stimulation were measured before injection of CFA (baseline ,T1 ) and after the last injection of CFA (T2 ) .Then the rats were sacrificed and the L4 ,5 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of NR2B expression by Western blot .Results Compared with group NS ,TWL and PWT were significantly decreased at T2 and the expression of NR2B was up-regulated in CFA and 2-PMPA groups ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with group CFA ,TWL and PWT were significantly increased at T2 and the expression of NR2B was down-regulated in group 2-PMPA ( P<0.05) .Conclusion Intrathecal 2-PMPA can alleviate CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain in rats ,and inhibition of NR2B expression in the spinal cord is involved in the mechanism .

ObjectiveTo investigate the type,characteristics and development trend of prehospital medical care of sudden mass incident from 2001 to 2010 in Guangzhou.MethodsThe data of prehospital medical care of sudden mass incident in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2010 were come from the database of 120 Emergency Center.ResultsTotal 6 807 events of Sudden mass incident were recorded from 2001 to 2010,resulting in 26 749 injuries and 917 deaths.In all kinds of sudden mass incident,traffic accident was primary cause ( the number of cases,injuries and deaths accounted for 49.80％,55.29％ and 61.72％,respectively),followed by fighting,fire and poisoning.Over the past decade,the number of occurrence of traffic accidents and the number of injuries were increasing.The large sudden mass incident was 76.65％ in all levels of sudden mass incident happened from 2008 to 2010.Conclusions Traffic accident is an important cause of sudden mass incident in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2010.The number of the traffic accident cases and injuries were increasing.The large sudden mass incident was the main type in all levels of sudden mass incident.It is important to improve the emergency plan,strengthen the training of medical staff and organize the medical rescue drill of sudden mass incident regularly.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound, compression elastography (CE) and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) in diff erential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods: A total of 98 patients with liver lesions were included in the study. The images of conventional ultrasound, CE and the values of virtual touch tissue quantiifcation (VTQ) of breast lesions were obtained. hTe diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound, CE and ARFI were assessed by using pathology as the gold standard, and then evaluate the diagnosis effciency of these three approaches in differential diagnosing benign and malignant breast tumors. Results: The specificity, sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of malignant breast tumors for conventional ultrasound were 80.0%, 81.1% and 81.7%, respectively, whereas for CE elastic score were 85.7%, 86.7% and 86.3%, respectively. With a cutoff value of 3.71 for the SR, the sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy in diagnosis of malignant breast tumors were 97.1%, 83.3% and 88.4%, respectively. With a cutoff value of 3.78 m/s for VTQ, the sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy in diagnosis of malignant breast tumors were 94.3%, 91.7% and 92.6%, respectively. The difference in diagnosis efficiency among ARFI, CE and conventional ultrasound in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors was signiifcant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Conventional ultrasound, CE and ARFI are all useful for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors. But the diagnosis effciency of ARFI is superior to CE and conventional ultrasound. The three approaches can help each other in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors.

Objective To observe the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in quantitatively evaluating the evolution of the blood supply of rabbit liver VX2 tumor models in early stage. Methods Eighteen liver VX2 tumor models of rabbits were divided into 3 groups randomly (each n=6). CEUS was performed on the 10th, 15th and 20th day group after establishemnt, resepectively. Time intensity curve (TIC) was plotted, the rabbits' liver tumor and surrounding normal liver tissue were resected for immuno-histochemistry and microvessel density (MVD) count. Results CEUS showed that the rabbit liver VX2 tumor present a typical malignant tumor imaging fast-in and fast-out in early stage. TIC showed that the time to peak (TTP) of hepatic tumor is shorter than that of surrounding normal liver tissue in all three groups (P＜0.01), no statistical difference of tumor's TTP was detected among three groups (P>0.05). Absolute enhanced intensity (AEI) and MVD reduced in turn of 10th, 15th and 20th day group. MVD of tumor was higher in 10thday group than surrounding normal liver tissue (P＜0.01), while was equal in 15th day group (P>0.05) and lower in 20th day group (P＜0.01). AEI of liver tumor had positive correlation with MVD (r=0.83, P＜0.05). Conclusion AEI of TIC can be used to quantitatively assess the evolution of the blood supply in rabbit liver VX2 tumor models. The blood supply in early stage of rabbit liver VX2 tumor models shows a gradual descent process from abundant blood supply to medium blood supply and then low blood supply.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for simultaneous isolation and primary culture of rat hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer's cells and hepatic sinus endothelial cells.

METHODSBy combining in situ perfusion, in vitro perfusion, density gradient centrifugation and differential adhesion, primary rat hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer's cells and hepatic sinus endothelial cells were obtained. The purity of these cells were assessed with morphological observation, immunofluorescent staining and ink phagocytosis assay.

RESULTSWe successfully obtained the 4 primary cells simultaneously by combining in situ perfusion with in vitro perfusion, density gradient centrifugation, and differential attachment. The cell yield rate, cell viability and purity all met requirements for the subsequent cell experiment.

CONCLUSIONThe combined cell isolation and culture method is feasible to isolate primary rat hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer's cells and hepatic sinus endothelial cells simultaneously.

Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Separation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; cytology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Kupffer Cells ; cytology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effects of spironolactone against hepatic sinusoid angiogenesis in rats with hepatic fibrosis.

METHODSTwenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, bile duct ligation (BDL) group, and BDL+SP group in which the rats received daily spironolactone injection (20 mg/kg) the day after BDL. Four weeks after the operation, the rats were sacrificed for examination of liver histology using Masson staining and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA in the liver using real-time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the hepatic tissues.

RESULTSSpironolactone significantly inhibited liver fibrogenesis in rats after BDL (METAVIR liver fibrosis scores 2.84∓0.44 vs 19.73∓3.54, P=0.00). Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that compared with BDL group, spironolactone treatment significantly inhibited the expression of VEGF-A mRNA (0.71∓0.12 vs 1.75∓0.15, P=0.00) and vWF (1.15∓0.09 vs 3.08∓0.17, P=0.00) in the liver. The expression of VEGF-A mRNA was highly correlated with the expression of vWF (r=0.890, P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONSpironolactone can inhibit hepatic sinusoid angiogenesis in rats with BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of VEGF-A.

Animals ; Hepatic Veins ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spironolactone ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and oxygen free radical (OFR) on proton transmembrane translocation and H(+)-ATPase. METHODS: The normal rats were sacrificed for preparetion liver mitochondria and submitochondrial particles for experiments in vitro. Submitochondrial particles were incubated with LPS (100 &mgr;g/mL), PLA(2) (10 u/mL) and FeSO(4)/Vit C (30/90 &mgr;mol/L) at 30 degrees C for 30 min. The proton translocation of submitochondrial particles (SMPs) were assayed with the fluorescent probe ACMA (9-amino-6-chloro-2 methoxya cridine). The mitochondria were incubated with different concentration of LPS, PLA(2) and FeSO(4)/Vit C. The H(+)-ATPase, PLA(2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed. RESULTS: The fluorescent quenching of ACMA and H(+)-ATPase activity in high dose was significantly decreased after treatment with LPS, PLA(2), FeSO(4)/Vit C (P<0.05). The mitochondrial PLA(2) activity and MDA content were significantly increased after treatment with LPS (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: FeSO(4)/Vit C in low dose causes increases H(+)-ATPase activity. LPS, PLA(2), FeSO(4)/Vit C might be the important factors changing H(+)-ATPase and proton translocation across the membrane.

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of Piezo2 in spinal cord neurons in a rat model of bone cancer pain.Methods Sixty-four pathogen-free healthy adult female unmated Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 160-200 g,were divided into 2 groups (n=32 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S) and bone cancer pain group (group BP).Bone cancer pain was induced by injecting breast cancer cells into the abdominal cavity.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before inoculating breast cancer cells and 7,14 and 21 days after inoculation (T0-3).Eight rats were sacrificed after measurement of MWT,and their lumbar enlargement segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of Piezo2 expression by Western blot and immunofluorescence.The coexpression of Piezo2 with the neuronal marker NeuN,microglial marker Iba-1 and astrocyte marker GFAP was detected at T2 using double immunofluorescent staining.Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significandy decreased at T1-3,and the Piezo2 expression in the lumbar enlargement segment of the spinal cord was up-regulated in group BP (P ＜ 0.05).Piezo2 was mainly expressed in the spinal lamina Ⅰ and Ⅱ and co-expressed with NeuN and rarely co-expressed with GFAP or Iba-1.Conclusion The development and maintenance of bone cancer pain are related to up-regulated expression of Piezo2 in the lumbar enlargement segment of the spinal cord in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ultrasound-guided renal intracapsular injection of methylprednisolone for primary glomerulonephritis. METHODS: Thirty patients with primary glomerulonephritis were performed intra-renal adipose capsule injection therapy under ultrasound guidance. The 24 hour urinary protein, plasma total protein, plasma albumin, urine volume, and serum creatinine were measured before and after the treatment. RESULTS: The injection success rate was 96.3% (314/326) in patients whose width of perinephric adipose capsule was >or= 5 mm. The injection success rate was 77.4% (212/274) in patients whose width of perinephric adipose capsule was < 5 mm (P < 0.01). The complications included pain, perirenal hematoma, and so on. The 24 hour urinary protein after the treatment was lower than before the treatment (P < 0.05). The plasma total protein and plasma albumin were higher than before the treatment (P < 0.05). The urine volume and serum creatinine were unchanged (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Intra-renal adipose capsule injection under ultrasound guidance has a high success rate and good effect, and is effective to treat primary glomerulonephritis with glucocorticoid.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Injections ; methods ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic π-shaped esophageal jejunostomy vs.laparoscopic assisted end-to-side esophageal jejunostomy in]D2 radical total gastrectomy for middle third gastric cancer.Methods From July 2015 to July 2017,154 patients undergoing laparoscopic D2 radical total gastrectomy were divided into group of laparoscopic assisted end-to-side esophageal jejunostomy (92 cases) and the group of totally laparoscopic π-shaped esophageal jejunostomy (62 cases).Results The group of totally laparoscopic π-shaped esophageal jejunostomy was not statistically different in tumor pathology and postoperative complications with laparoscopic assisted group,but was better than the later in anastomotic reconstruction surgery time (21 ± 3) min vs.(30 ± 3) min,t =17.56,P =0.000,incision length (6.7 ±1.1) cm vs.(10.5 ± 1.7) cm,t =15.72,P =0.000 and anastomotic complications (3％ vs.13％,x2 =4.320,P =0.038).Conclusions Totally laparoscopic π-shape esophageal jejunostomy is safe,feasible,better than hand assisted procedures.