Objective To determine the effects of estrogen deficiency on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mandibular bone marrow stromal cells(mBMSC).Methods Ten 8-week-old female SD rats were randomly divided into two groups,ovariectomized group(OVX,n=5) and sham-operation group(n=5).All rats were anesthetized and both ovaries of OVX-rats were gently removed.Sham-operation rats were treated with the same incisions to expose the ovaries but without any hurt to them.One month after the operation,the mandibular bones were gently separated and mBMSC were isolated.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay,alkaline phosphotase(ALP) activity,alizarin red staining,real-time reverse transcription(RT)-PCR and Western blotting were respectively used to examine the proliferative activity and osteogenic potential of mBMSC.Results MTT results showed that OVX-mBMSC exhibited the decreased proliferative activity as compared with Sham-mBMSC.ALP activity of OVX-mBMSC[(0.710±0.011) Sigma unit/protein] was lower than that of Sham-mBMSC[(1.512±0.021) Sigma unit/protein](P＜0.01).Alizarin red staining showed that OVX-mBMSC formed less calcified nodules than Sham-mBMSC.Ca2+ concentration analysis showed Ca2+ of OVX-mBMSC[(0.433±0.045) μg/g] was less than Sham-mBMSC[(1.453±0.131) μg/g](P＜0.01).Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that the expression of osteogenic markers (Alp,Runx2/RUNX2,Osx/OSX,Ocn/OCN) in OVX-mBMSC was significantly inhibited as compared with Sham-mBMSC(P＜0.05).Conclusions Estrogen deficiency significantly inhibits the proliferation and osteogenic capacity of mBMSC.

OBJECTIVESTo increase the number and quality of adverse events reported in medical devices, dealing with adverse events that have occurred in time, preventing the occurrence of adverse events, and ensuring the safety of device use.

METHODSBased on risk management methods, through a comprehensive analysis of risk of adverse events, scientifically assessing the risk level and completing the classification of adverse events. Administrative supervision departments take corresponding supervision measures according to the classification results.

RESULTSBuilding a classification monitoring model of medical device adverse events based on risk management.

CONCLUSIONSThe classification of adverse events will help the administrative supervision department to focus on the work, reduce the workload, and improve the efficiency of supervision.

Equipment and Supplies ; adverse effects ; classification ; Risk Management

【Objective】 To explore the recruitment and retention strategy of blood donors by investigating the age composition of blood donors in some areas of China, so as to promote blood donation and enhance clinical blood supply. 【Methods】 Through the working platform of Practice Comparison Working Group of China’s Mainland Blood Collection and Supply Institutions, the average age and age composition of blood donors from 22 blood centers were collected, and statistical analysis was conducted after eliminating invalid data. 【Results】 The median average age of blood donors during the survey year was 30.02.The median age in 2.89% of the blood centers was lower than 25. The average age of different genders was statistically significant only in 2018(P<0.05). Fot first-time blood donors, the median constituent ratio of donors <25 and ≥25 years old was 54.53% and 44.28%, with median retention rate at 10.30% and 9.61%, respectively. The median overall participation rate of blood donors was 2.7%, with median participation rate of blood donors <25 years old at 5.1%. 【Conclusion】 The recruitment and retention of blood donor is crucial to enhance clinical blood supply. Blood donors <25 years old, with a longer period for future donation, should be the main target of blood donation recruitment. Meanwhile, the revision of upper age limit for blood donation is another important initiative to grow the blood donor pool.