Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is an autoimmune disease involving symmetrical small joints， with clinical manifestations such as small joint swelling， morning stiffness， progressive pain， and even joint deformity and loss of function. Due to the complex immune mechanism， the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear. However， studies have shown that the pathogenesis of RA is related to abnormal immune mechanism， increased synovial inflammatory response， abnormal biological behavior of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes （RA-FLSs）， and abnormal degradation of extracellular matrix. Mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） plays a key role in the regulation of cell growth， proliferation， differentiation， and apoptosis. It is involved in the abnormal release and activation of inflammatory mediators in RA， the abnormal proliferation， migration， and invasion of RA-FLSs， synovial angiogenesis， bone erosion， and cartilage destruction. The thousands of years of practical experience show that Chinese medicine can effectively mitigate the clinical symptoms such as joint swelling， morning stiffness， and pain and delay the occurrence of joint deformity in RA patients. Moreover， the Chinese medicine treatment has the advantages of overall regulation， personalized treatment， multiple pathways and targets， high safety， few adverse reactions， and stable quality. Modern studies have confirmed that Chinese medicine can play a role in the prevention and treatment of RA by interfering in the MAPK signaling pathway， reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines， inhibiting the abnormal proliferation， migration， and invasion of RA-FLSs， regulating the apoptosis of RA-FLSs， and protecting extracellular matrix. This article elaborates on the key role of MAPK signaling pathway in the development of RA and reviews the latest research results of Chinese medicine intervention in MAPK signaling pathway for the prevention and treatment RA， aiming to provide a basis for the development of new drugs and the clinical application of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of RA.