Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect and signaling pathway of ginsenoside Rb1 on myocardial injury in mice with Kawasaki disease.Methods:BALB/C mice aged 5-6 weeks were randomly divided into control group, model group, aspirin group, ginsenoside Rb1 low dose group(50 mg/kg) and high dose group(100 mg/kg), with 12 mice in each group.Except the control group, other groups were treated with intermittent intraperitoneal injection of 10% bovine serum albumin saline solution to induce Kawasaki disease myocardial injury pathological model with a total of 6 days(twice a day); aspirin group, Rb1 low and high-dose group were given corresponding drugs by gavage for 20 days after modeling.The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) in serum and myocardial tissue were detected by ELISA.The activities of creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(α-HBDH) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in serum were detected by enzyme coupling method.The expression levels of janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway related proteins in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot.Results:High dose of Rb1 significantly improved myocardial fiber rupture and tear, inflammatory infiltration and necrosis induced by myocardial injury in model group.ELISA results showed that, compared with the model group, high-dose Rb1 could significantly inhibit the high expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, which were restored to the level of the control group, and there was a dose-dependent relationship between the low and high-dose groups( P<0.05). The results of enzyme coupling method showed that creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotrasferase in Rb1 high-dose group were restored to the level in control group, and there was a dose-dependent relationship between low and high-dose group( P<0.05). At the same time, compared with model group, Rb1 high-dose group significantly down regulated the expression level of cardiac troponin I( P<0.05). Western blot results showed that, compared with the model group, Rb1 significantly increased the relative expression levels of p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)/β-actin, and significantly decreased the expression levels of Cleaved caspase-3/β-actin in a dose-dependent manner( P<0.05). Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rb1 can effectively reduce the myocardial injury induced by Kawasaki disease mice.The high-dose group of Rb1 can recover to the level of the control group, and the curative effect is related to the dosage of Rb1.Ginsenoside Rb1 may activate JAK2/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway, thus down regulate the expression of Cleaved caspase-3, and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation.

Objective:To analyze the clinical adverse events of the first carbon ion therapy system in radiotherapy for cancer patients in China.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical trial monitoring data of the carbon ion therapy system obtained by the Pharmacovigilance Center of Gansu Province. A descriptive study was conducted on the demographic characteristics, radiotherapy techniques, irradiation site and dose parameters, postoperative follow-up, and adverse event information of 46 tumor patients who received carbon ion therapy and participated in the clinical trial in Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Gansu Province from November 2018 to February 2019. Frequency and percentage were used to describe and analyze the occurrence of adverse events after carbon ion therapy for cancer patients in different groups. All subjects who received radiotherapy were grouped according to the treatment dose and fractionation method.Results:The median age of the 46 patients was 47 years old, and the male to female ratio was 30∶16. There were 15, 5, 8, 9, and 9 patients with head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvic cavity, and limb spinal tumors, respectively. The total duration of radiotherapy was 2-4 weeks for 10-16 times. There were 246 adverse events in 45 cases, with an incidence of 98%. No severe adverse events occurred. The adverse events definitely related to carbon ion devices accounted for 19.1%, and no severe adverse events related to carbon ion devices occurred. According to the evaluation criteria of common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE), the main adverse events were CTCAE grade 2 and below, with only 1 (2%) head and neck tumor patient (nasopharyngeal malignant tumor) experienced CTCAE grade 3 adverse events after treatment. In addition, 43 patients developed acute adverse reactions, with an incidence of 93%, mainly involving the skin, mucosa, eyes, ears, pharynx and esophagus, upper gastrointestinal tract, lower gastrointestinal tract (including pelvic cavity), lung, genitourinary tract, heart, central nervous system and hematology (white blood cells, platelets and neutrophils), etc. Conclusion:The adverse reactions of patients treated with the first carbon ion therapy system are mainly CTCAE grade 2 and below, and the clinical adverse events are mild and controllable.