Objective: To determine the contents of ?-Asarone and ?-Asarone in Xing Nao nasal drops. Methods: HPLC was used with ODS C18 column (150mm?4.6mm, 5?m). Methanol mixture : water being 6 : 4 and Patassium biphoepate 1.4 and Dodecyl Sulphonic acid sodium salt 1.2g in 1000mL mixture served as mobile phase, detection wavelength at 257nm and flow rate being 1.0mL/min. Results: The mean recovery was 99.38 %(RSD=2.25 %) for ?-Asarone and 96.59 %(RSD=2.16) for ?-Asarone. Conclusion: this method is simple,rapid and accurate.

Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Industry ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; analysis

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of different dosage of grassleaf sweetflag rhizome on central nervous system.METHODS:The effects of different dosage of grassleaf sweetflag rhizome on the hours of sleep and hypoxia live time of mice were observed,and the effects of which on water contents of brain tissues,apoptosis,endothelin(ET),malonaldehyde(MDA),erythrocuprein(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),etc.in rats with cerebral ischemia were observed as well.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,different dosage of grassleaf sweetflag rhizome could shorten the sleeping time of mice and prolong the live time of hypoxia mice;high dosage of grassleaf sweetflag rhizome could remarkably decrease the water content of brain tissue and MDA level and inhibit the apoptosis of brain tissue cells while increase the activity of SOD and GSH-Px.CONCLUSION:High dosage of grassleaf sweetflag rhizome has the strongest protective effects to central nervous system,the effects of middle and low dosage of grassleaf sweetflag rhizome are lower than that of the high dosage.

AIM:To explore the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in the dysfunction of vascular endo-thelial cells exposed to high glucose.METHODS: In human aortic endothelial cells cultured under high-glucose ( 22 mmol/L glucose) medium, nitric oxide ( NO) level, polymorphonuclear neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion rate, protein level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1) , migration of endothelial cells and Akt/endothelial nitric oxide syn-thase ( eNOS) pathway activation were observed after S1P, sphingosine kinase-1 inhibitor and/or Akt inhibitor treatments. RESULTS:S1P decreased NO level, increased polymorphonuclear neutrophil adhesive rate, enhanced ICAM-1 protein level, and inhibited migration of endothelial cells and activation of Akt/eNOS pathway in endothelial cells cultured under high-glucose condition.Sphingosine kinase-1 inhibitor, which reduced S1P content, significantly improved the above endo-thelial cell function indexes and restored the activation of Akt/eNOS pathway.CONCLUSION: S1P promoted high glu-cose-induced dysfunction of endothelial cells probably by inhibiting the activation of Akt/eNOS signal pathway.Targeting S1P is expected to become one of potential treatment strategies to reduce endothelial cell dysfunction.

Objective To establish the method of atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) after alkali fusion for determination of tin dioxide in workplace air.Methods Tin dioxide in workplace air was collected with microporous membrane,directly digested by alkali fusion with solid sodium hydroxide heated by electric furnace,and determined by AFS.Results The linear range of tin dioxide (as Sn) determined by AFS was 1.5～ 100 μg/L (excluding zero),and the correlation coefficient was 0.9993.The detection limit of this method was 0.5 μg/L,the lower limit of quantification was 1.5 μg/L,and the minimum detectable concentration was 0.05 mg/m3 (the volume of the air sample was 75 L).The relative standard deviation was 1.94％～3.55％,and the average recovery of standard addition was 95.0％～96.0％.Conclusion The method of AFS after alkali fusion for determination of tin dioxide in workplace air is proved to be simple,rapid,sensitive,and accurate,with complete digestion.

Objective To establish the method of atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) after alkali fusion for determination of tin dioxide in workplace air.Methods Tin dioxide in workplace air was collected with microporous membrane,directly digested by alkali fusion with solid sodium hydroxide heated by electric furnace,and determined by AFS.Results The linear range of tin dioxide (as Sn) determined by AFS was 1.5～ 100 μg/L (excluding zero),and the correlation coefficient was 0.9993.The detection limit of this method was 0.5 μg/L,the lower limit of quantification was 1.5 μg/L,and the minimum detectable concentration was 0.05 mg/m3 (the volume of the air sample was 75 L).The relative standard deviation was 1.94％～3.55％,and the average recovery of standard addition was 95.0％～96.0％.Conclusion The method of AFS after alkali fusion for determination of tin dioxide in workplace air is proved to be simple,rapid,sensitive,and accurate,with complete digestion.

In order to establish an efficient and low-cost production procedure of recombinant glycerol kinase (r-GK), we expressed the r-GK gene at high level in E. coli by induction with lactose on a large-scale fermentation of 300L. The results showed that the biomass concentration reached OD600 of 42 and the expression of r-GK in E. coli accounted for about 30% of total soluble protein. The cell-free extract was processed by selective thermo-denaturation and then purified with Ni sepharose FF column chromatography. Finally, highly purified r-GK was obtained and its purity reached 97% by using analysis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Gradient PAGE). Further identification study showed that the molecular weight of r-GK was 120kDa with two subunit of 58kDa. Contaminants of NADH oxidase and catalase were not detected in the sample pool of r-GK. The purified r-GK was able to retain about 85% of its initial activity at 4 degrees C for 30 days. After lyophilized, it can retain 93% of its initial activity at 4 degrees C for one year.
Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Glycerol Kinase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVE: The periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), a small midbrain structure, presents dysfunction in migraine. However, the precise neurological mechanism is still not well understood. Herein, the aim of this study was to investigate the texture characteristics of altered PAG in episodic migraine (EM) patients based on high resolution brain structural magnetic resonance (MR) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The brain structural MR images were obtained from 18 normal controls (NC), 18 EM patients and 16 chronic migraine (CM) patients using a 3T MR system. A PAG template was created using the International Consortium Brain Mapping 152 gray matter model, and the individual PAG segment was developed by applying the deformation field from the structural image segment to the PAG template. A grey level co-occurrence matrix was used to calculate the texture parameters including the angular second moment (ASM), contrast, correlation, inverse difference moment (IDM) and entropy. RESULTS: There was a significant difference for ASM, IDM and entropy in the EM group (998.629 ± 0.162 × 10−3, 999.311 ± 0.073 × 10−3, 916.354 ± 0.947 × 10−5) compared to that found in the NC group (998.760 ± 0.110 × 10−3, 999.358 ± 0.037 × 10−3 and 841.198 ± 0.575 × 10−5) (p < 0.05). The entropy was significantly lower among the patients with CM (864.116 ± 0.571 × 10−5) than that found among patients with EM (p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.776 and 0.750 for ASM and entropy in the distinction of the EM from NC groups, respectively. ASM was negatively related to disease duration (DD) and the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) scores in the EM group, and entropy was positively related to DD and MIDAS in the EM group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study identified altered MR image texture characteristics of the PAG in EM. The identified texture characteristics could be considered as imaging biomarkers for EM.
Biomarkers ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Entropy ; Gray Matter ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesencephalon ; Migraine Disorders ; Periaqueductal Gray ; ROC Curve

Objective: To design the self-rating scale on basic ability in graduates of preventive medicine major, and test its reliability and validity, providing a reliable tool for evaluating the basic ability of graduates. Methods: On the basis of constructing the Evaluation Index System on Basic Ability in Graduates of Preventive Medicine Major, the three-level indexes were converted to specific questions. Self-evaluation scale including 58 items, 22 sub-dimensions and 8 main dimensions were finally designed after pre-survey and expert argumentation. A total of 205 graduates of preventive medicine major from a medical college and 9 experts in the field of public health were selected to completed the questionnaire. Scale's reliability was tested by applying internal consistency reliability and composite reliability; it's validity was tested by applying content validity and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Scale's α coefficient of internal consistency reliability was 0.976; α coefficient and combination reliability of eight main dimensions were both higher than 0.8; the content validity index S-CVI of the scale was 0.94, the content validity index I-CVI of the item level was 0.78 to 1.00; the average variance extraction amount (AVE) of the eight main dimensions was higher than 0.50. Fitting of the structural model with the item used as observation indexes was reasonable (χ²/df=1.749, RMR=0.036, RMSEA=0.061, NFI=0.801, IFI=0.904, TLI=0.904, CFI=0.903), and the sub-dimension as used observation indexes was good(χ²/df=1.876, RMR=0.032, RMSEA=0.066, NFI=0.913, IFI=0.958, TLI=0.945, CFI=0.957). Conclusion This scale is the first self-rating scale on the basic ability in graduates of preventive medicine major on the basis of the National Standards of Teaching Quality on Public Health and Preventive Medicine, with good reliability and validityl. It is able to achieve quantitative evaluation on graduates' basic abilities.

Objective:To construct a set of evaluation index system for the core ability of preventive medicine graduates to respond to sudden biological public health events.Methods:Research methods such as in-depth interviews and group discussions were used to determine the core competence structure, the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation, and the index system and its weights were finally determined based on the consultation results of 21 experts on the system. Excel and SPSS 21.0 were used for data collation and statistical analysis.Results:The positive coefficient of expert consultation was greater than 80%, the authority coefficient was greater than 0.7, and the average was 0.906. The final index system was composed of 4 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators, and 39 third-level indicators.Conclusion:The evaluation index system can provide a reference for exploring effective ways to improve the core competence of graduates.