Objective Immunoreactive intensity of dopamine transporter(DAT)was quantitatively analyzed in the different regions of postmortem human brain in order to provide evidence in selecting an appropriate reference region for neuroimaging in measurement of the altered DAT.Methods The brain tissue blocks taken from 8 male cadavers were paraffin-embedded and sectioned,and immunoautoradiography was used to display the difference of DAT immunoreactive intensity in the substantia nigra,putamen and caudate nucleus,cingulate cortex,frontal cortex,occipital cortex and cerebellar cortex.Results The highest DAT density was found mainly in the substantia nigra,caudate nucleus and putamen,while the lowest density was only seen in cerebellar cortex.Quantitative analysis revealed that the intensity of DAT immunoreactivity(DAT-IR)in cerebellar cortex was respectively 1/3.50,1/3.72,1/1.28 of that in frontal cortex,cingulate cortex and occipital cortex,and it was only 1/8.33,1/11.67,1/8.56 that of substantia nigra,caudate nucleus and putamen.Conclusions The cerebellar cortex has the lowest DAT as compared to other examined brain regions,and it can be used for a reference region in neuroimaging to detect altered DAT.

Objective To study the effect of ethonal on the dopaminergic system by analyzing the altered expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in the brain of ethanol-treated rats. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were selected and divided into control group and ethanol-treated group, 30 per group, the ethanol-treated rats were treated with 20% ethanol for 6 months. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blotting were used to analyze the altered expression of TH and DAT in the DA energic system in different brain regions of the ethanol treated rats. Results 1. Immunohistochemistry showed the mean gray value of TH in substantia nigra(SN)-ventrotegmental area (VTA), caudae putamen (Cpu) and nucleus accumbens (NACC), DAT in Cpu and NACC of the ethanol were smaller than those in control (P<0.05). 2. Flow cytometry showed the expression of TH in middle brain of the ethanol-treated rats increased significantly compared with the control(P<0.05). 3. Western blotting showed the ratio of IA of TH/β-actin and DAT/β-actin in different brain regions of the ethanol-treated rats were larger than those in control(P<0.05).Conclusion Ethanol treatment increases the expression of TH and DAT in rat brain.

Objective To investigate operative method for preventing and treatment intestinal obstruction due to relapse adhesion.Methods Sixty patients with recurrent adhesive ileus treated by surgery were randomized into two groups,that was intra-enteropexy group and extra-enteropaxy group.Twenty-three patients in intra-enteropexy group were treated by retrograde intra-enteropaxy through appendix stump.Thirty-seven patients in the extra-enteropexy group were treated by Noble procedure.The effect and complication were compared.Results In the intra-enteropexy group,2 cases (8.70%) were complicated with incision infection,1 case was died (4.35%) and there was no relapsed,abdominal spastic pain and incomplete intestinal obstruction occurred.In the extra-enteropexy group,3 cases (8.11%) were complicated with incision infection,3 cases were died (8.11%),abdominal spastic pain were occurred in 11 cases (29.73%),incomplete intestinal obstruction were occurred in 6 cases(16.22%),and there were 3 cases run into relapse.Conclusion The retrograde intra-enteropexy through appendix stump is an effective method for preventing and treatment to adhesive ileus.

Objective To study the altered expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) in substantia nigra and striatum in postmortem human brain of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods Immunoautoradiography was used to reveal DAT distribution in postmortem human brain. Results Strongly labeling signal of DAT was mainly found in the substantia nigra, the putamen and the caudate nucleus in controls. In contrast, it was drastically reduced in the putmen and the dorsolateral caudate nuclus in PD brains, but the ventromedial part of the caudate nucleus showed a significant sparing adjacent to the border of the lateral ventricle. In the substantia nigra, the ventral and the lateral parts of the substantia nigra showed an obvious decreasing of DAT and the reducing degree of DAT labeling signals in those regions is smaller than that in the putamen and the caudate nucleus. Quantitative analysis revealed that 90.9% and 66.7% of the labeling intensity of DAT were decreased in the putamen and the caudate nucleus as comparing with the corresponding controls respectively (P

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on sperm apoptosis in male rats and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSSixteen male SD rats were equally assigned to two groups to receive GTW and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) intragastrically, both at 20 mg/(kg x d) for 6 weeks. Then the epididymal sperm was collected for the measurement of the apoptosis rate, sperm membrane lipid fluidity and the contents of NO, MDA and SOD by flow cytometry and spectrophotometric determination.

RESULTSAfter 6 weeks of medication, the GTW group showed a significant increase in sperm apoptosis and contents of NO and MDA (P < 0.01) and a remarkable decrease in sperm membrane lipid fluidity (P < 0.05) and SOD content (P < 0.01) as compared with the CMC control group.

CONCLUSIONGTW can damage sperm membrane lipid peroxidation and sperm membrane structure, increase sperm apoptosis, and reduce sperm membrane lipid fluidity.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; pharmacology ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Membrane Fluidity ; drug effects ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Objective To study serotonin transporters(SERT) in postmortem human brains of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Immunoautoradiography was used to show SERT distribution in postmortem PD brains.ResultsIn comparison with healthy group,SERT decreased in dorsal raphe nucleus,substantia nigra and striatum in PD brains.Quantitative analysis showed that 25.9%、31.1%、27.2% and 24.7% of labeling intensity of SERT decreased in putamen,caudate nucleus,substantia nigra and ventrotegmental area as compared with corresponding control respectively.Among the four regions studied of dorsal raphe nucleus,SERT labeling intensity significantly decreased by 38.9%,37.3%,16.5% and 37.0% of corresponding control respectively in ventral part,dorsal part,caudal part and interfascicular part.Median raphe nucleus did not show the decreased SERT labeling.ConclusionDecreased SERT expression in three regions of postmortem PD brains indicates that a dysfunction of serotonergic raphe system may contribute to the etiology of Parkinson's disease.

Objective:To determine residual sulfite in traditional Chinese medicinal materials or pieces processed by sulfur fumi-gation respectively by iodine titration, acid-base titration and ion chromatography and compare the results. Methods:The three meth-ods were used to determine four kinds of Chinese herbal medicines including Codonopsis radix, Dioscoreae rhizoma, Achyranthis bident-atae Radix and Atractulodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, the recovery tests were also performed and the results were analyzed and compared to summarize the characteristics and quality control requirements of each method. Results:Iodine titration and acid-base titration had the advantages of simple operation process and low cost. However, there were many interference factors in the two methods, and due to different principles, they were suitable for the determination of different varieties of herbal medicines. Ion chromatography method had the advantages of high sensitivity and strong specificity, while the cost was high. Conclusion: It is suggested that proper methods should be chosen for the determination of sulfur dioxide residues according to actual situations.

Pruni Semen,the seed of several unique Prunus plants,is a traditional purgative herbal material.To determine the authentic sources of Pruni Semen,46 samples from four species were collected and analyzed.Ten compounds including multiflorin A(Mul A),a notable purative compound,were isolated and identified by chemical separation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Seventy-six communal components were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap-quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry,and acetyl flavonoid glycosides were recognized as characteristic constituents.The flavonoids were distributed in the seed coat and cyanogenic glycosides in the kernel.Based on this,methods for identifying Pruni Semen from different sources were established using chemical fingerprinting,quantitative analysis of the eight principal compounds,hierarchical cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis.The results showed that the samples were divided into two categories:one is the small seeds from Prunus humilis(Ph)and Prunus japonica(Pj),and the other is the big seeds from Prunus pedunculata(Pp)and Prunus triloba(Pt).The average content of Mul A was 3.02.6.93,0.40,and 0.29 mg/g,while the average content of amygdalin was 18.5,17.7,31.5,and 30.9 mg/g in Ph,Pj,Pp,and Pt,respectively.All the above information suggests that small seeds might be superior sources of Pruni Semen.This is the first comprehensive report on the identification of chemical components in Pruni Semen from different species.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of cannulated screws with sutures in the treatment of patellar transverse fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed of the data of 70 patients with patellar transverse fracture who had been admitted to Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to March 2021. According to the construction methods for the tension band, the patients were divided into 3 groups. In group A of 21 cases subjected to fixation with cannulated screws with sutures (Fiber-Tape), there were 8 males and 13 females with a median age of 55.0 (48.0, 65.0) years; in group B of 32 cases subjected to fixation with Kirschner wire tension band, there were 15 males and 17 females with a median age of 52.5 (41.5, 63.0) years; in group C of 17 cases subjected to fixation with Cable-Pin system, there were 5 males and 12 females with a median age of 55.0 (37.0, 65.0) years. The 3 groups were compared in terms of complications, secondary surgery (removal of internal fixation), operation time, intraoperative blood loss and knee function rated by the Lysholm and B?stman scores at the last follow-up.Results:There were no significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 3 groups, showing they were comparable ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the operation time, intraoperative blood transfusion or follow-up time among the 3 groups ( P > 0.05). The incidence of soft tissue irritation [4.8% (1/21)] and the secondary operation rate [4.8% (1/21)] in group A were significantly lower than those in group B [43.8% (14/32) and 37.5% (12/32)] and group C [41.2% (7/17) and 35.3% (6/17)] ( P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between group B and group C ( P > 0.05). In groups A, B and C, respectively, the Lysholm knee score was 84.0 (69.0, 88.0), 89.0 (71.5, 95.0) and 82.0 (63.0, 90.0), and the B?stman knee score 26.0 (23.0, 28.0), 26.5 (24.0, 27.5) and 26.0 (22.0, 28.0), showing no significant difference ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference either in the incidence of other complications among the 3 groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of patellar transverse fractures, compared with the Kirschner wire tension band and Cable-Pin system, cannulated screws with sutures (Fiber-Tape) may lead to a lower incidence of soft tissue irritation and a lower rate of secondary surgery, but no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, other complications or postoperative functional scores.

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for perfecting the quality standard revision of TCM preparations in medical institutions， and improving the quality standard of TCM preparations in medical institutions. METHODS： By sorting out the quality standards of TCM preparations in Guangdong provincial medical institution preparation specification， this paper summarized the main problems and put forward suggestions for improvement. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： There are 897 kinds of TCM preparations included in the Guangdong provincial medical institution preparation specification. The recent quality standards （2017 edition） have been greatly improved compared with those of the first edition （1985 edition）； however， there are still some problems in the overall quality control of preparations， quantitative control of indicative components， project specificity， source control of medicinal materials， control of medicinal materials not included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and quality standards of the same series of varieties. It is suggested that on the premise of considering both advancement and applicability， the quality control of the whole， local and toxic preparations of TCM hospitals should be strengthened， the detection methods with good specificity and reproducibility should be properly updated， the control of key parameters of production process should be strengthened， the quality standard of TCM preparations in medical institutions should be fully improved， so as to provide the products with safe， effective and controllable in quality products in medical institutions.