Objective: To illustrate the epidemical characteristics of the dog-biting events and molecular evolution of rabies virus (RV) strains prevalent in Shuangbai county of Yunnan province, China. Methods: Epidemical investigation on the dog-biting events and human cases were conducted and the brain tissues of the biting dogs and human cases were sampled post-mortem. Nucleoprotein (N) genes of the RVs were sequenced. Homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the relevant bioinformatics software. Results: A total of 12 dog-biting events took place between 2011-2017 in Shuangbai county and 35 persons were bitten. Of the 12 events, 11 were investigated in time and 32 bitten persons received proper wound management and a full post-exposure vaccination course. Rabies has not developed in these wounded cases until now. However, due to failure to receive medical intervention and post-exposure treatment in time, 1 of 3 bitten persons in a single event died of rabies. RV N genes from 5 dogs and 1 person were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree showed that RV strains prevalent in Shuangbai county were closely related with the ones found in neighboring counties/cities such as Chuxiong, Lufeng, Jingdong and Xiangyun. All these strains were related to the ones denoted as clade China-I and prevalent in Sichuan province. Homology analysis showed 99.6%-100% homology in nucleotide and amino acid among the 6 RVs prevalent in Shuangbai county and those prevalent in Chuxiong, Lufeng, Xiangyun and clade China-I of Sichuan province. Compared with the China-I strains prevalent in Chuxiong, Zhaotong and Qujing prefectures between 2006-2007, the homology of nucleotide and amino acid were 97.1%-99.3% and 99.1%-99.6%, respectively. Conclusions Surveillance on the dog-biting events can prevent rabies in humans effectively. RV strains prevalent in Shuangbai county belong to clade China-I and have a close relationship with those of neighboring prefectures, cities, counties and the ones prevalent in Sichuan province.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of autologous fat grafting in the treatment of undesirable skin expansion.Methods:Patients' data were reviewed from 2011 to 2016, including the expanded regions with early signs of skin complications in face and neck. The effects of fat grafting group and control group were evaluated by follow-up records of expansion volume, skin thickness, skin texture and local capillary reaction.Results:Fat grafting could increase the thickness of expanded skin. It also improved the texture of expanded skin, with 0.83± 0.71 points before treatment and 1.30±0.66 points after treatment ( P=0.04). The local capillary reaction was also improved from 1.06±0.54 points before treatment and 1.45±0.51 points after treatment ( P=0.03). The expansion in the fat grafting group was 2.21±0.57 times before treatment and 2.94±0.83 times after treatment. In the control group, the expansion was 2.19 times when it showed early signs, and no obvious changes were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions:Autologous fat grafting can effectively treat complications of skin expansion, prolong expansion process and promote tissue regeneration.