恶性肿瘤居中国各类疾病死因之首，发病率与病死率呈逐年上升趋势。近几年来靶向治疗已广泛应用于临床，显示 出良好的抗肿瘤效果，新靶点的探索和鉴定在靶向药物研发过程中起着重要作用。E3泛素连接酶斑点型锌指结构蛋白（speckletype POZ protein，SPOP）作为治疗选择的潜在靶点，能特异性识别底物，使底物发生泛素化降解，广泛参与机体内多种生理、病理 过程。研究发现SPOP基因突变或表达水平改变，通过调控AR/ERG、Akt-mTORC1、Hedgehog/Gli2等多种信号通路影响恶性肿 瘤的发生发展，并与前列腺癌、肾癌、结直肠癌等多种恶性肿瘤细胞增殖及远处转移密切相关。目前，SPOP影响恶性肿瘤发生发 展的相关研究为靶向治疗恶性肿瘤奠定了基础，综述SPOP在恶性肿瘤的最新进展对抗肿瘤研究具有重要的意义。

Objective:To explore the histogenesis and differentiation of dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Methods: Clinical information and microscopic characteristics of 26 cases of DF and 26 cases of DFSP were investigated. The immunohistochemical study was performed on microarray sections by a panel of antibodies including FactorⅩⅢa, HLA-DR, CD34, CD14, S-100, MSA, and Ki67. Probe was labeled by in vitro transcription. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-? and bFGF were investigated by in situ hybridization. Results: All cases showed positive for Factor ⅩⅢa,HLA-DR and CD34 to different extent. The medians of positive rates in DF were FactorⅩⅢa 90%, HLA-DR 70%, and CD34 5%, and in DFSP were FactorⅩⅢa 10%, HLA-DR 5%, and CD34 80%. CD14 was positive in 3 cases of DF and 1 case of DFSP. S-100 was positive in 6 cases of DFSP and 2 cases of DF. MSA was positive in 5 cases of DFSP and 3 cases of DF. In all cases, positive rate of Ki67 was less than 5%. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-? was elevated in DF in comparison with DFSP. Conclusion: Both DF and DFSP can differentiate to dendritic cells (DC) in different degree. Considering the character of microscopic features and immunohistochemical phenotype, cells of DF are much similar to mature DC, while those of DFSP much similar to immature dermal reserve cell (DRC). The differences of cell differentiation between DF and DFSP result in different prognosis. DF is a benign tumor, while DFSP a low grade malignant tumor. The different expression of FactorⅩⅢa and CD34 may be helpful to differential diagnosis of DF and DFSP.

Objective:Since malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) may be taken as an undifferentia-ted pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), this study was conducted to reassess 33 previously diagnosed MFH cases in the past 10 years based on the latest WHO concept. And then to search for the clinicopathological features, probably tumorigenesis, and the line of differentiation of the remaining MFH/UPS cases.Methods: Thirty-three cases in tissue microarray were studied by immunohistochemistry with panels of neurogenic, myogenic, and lipogenic antibodies. Three expertise pathologists reevaluated the slides separately. Results: Among the 33 cases, 17 cases (51.5%) of MFH had their diagnoses changed, including 5 leiomyosarcomas, 3 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 inflammatory myofibrosarcoma, 1 giant cell tumor and 1 angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. The remaining 16 cases (48.5%) were finally diagnosed as MFH/UPS, among which patients were mainly old adults (median age: 63 years; range: 38 to 76 years). The median tumor size was 6.0 cm (range: 3.0 to 14.0 cm), 8 cases (50%) located in lower limb and 5 cases (31.3%) located in thigh. These tumors had marked cytological and nuclear pleomorphism. Immunohistochemistry showed that Vimentin was strongly positive in all 16 MFH/UPS (100%), Muscle-specific actin was variously positive in 8 cases (50%) and 1 case focally expressed Desmin. Eleven cases (68.8%) variously expressed CD68 (KP1) and 7 cases (43.8%) expressed CD68 (PG-M1), which were much higher than leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and liposarcoma with significant difference. Moreover, Ki67 expression rates were from 10% to 100%, including 14 cases more than 50% and 11 cases more than 70%. However, only 2 cases (12.5%) showed P53 positive. Conclusion: MFH/UPS often show marked histological pleomorphism, and the diagnosis must be made by exclusion of other definitive sarcomas, especially myogenic and neurogenic sarcoma. Only Vimentin was always expressed in MFH/UPS, while some of the tumors were positive for myogenic antigen and CD68. It was suggested that MFH/UPS might arise from primary mesenchymal cells, and some cases exhibited fibroblastic and/or myofibroblastic features. In addition, histiocytic phenotypic marker did have more expression in MFH/UPS than in other sarcomas. MFH/UPS still had certain clinicopathological characteristics.

OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid detecting method for Clostridium perfringens on traumatic tissues by type-specific multiplex PCR.METHODS Established a simple and rapid method(TLS method) for purifying the DNA of genomes and plasmids in standard strains of C.perfringens wild strains on surface of open traumatic tissues and detected DNAs by type-specific multiplex PCR.RESULTS All types of C.perfringens could be detected by type-specific multiplex PCR.The sensitivity by PCR for type A of C.perfringens arrived at 7.5?103/ml and a whole run could finish within 5 h;the results by PCR entirely corresponded with those by cultureing.CONCLUSIONS New methods for purifying DNA of genomes and plasmids of C.perfringens are simple and rapid;there are high specificity and sensitivity for detecting DNA by multiplex PCR within short time,which can be practiced in clinical laboratory.

This study aimed to detect the combined effects of gallic acid (GA)and ciprofloxacin (CIP)on the murine chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)model in mice.Pseudomonas aeruginosa from refractory CRS nasal samples were isolated and a CRS model in mice was induced.GA and CIP were intragastrically administered singly or in combination.The nasal histopathologic change was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE)staining.The concentration of TNF-α;IL-6 and IL-8 in serum were determined by ELISA assay.The activity of SOD and contents of MDA and ROS were measured with commercially available kits.The expressions of IκB;NF-κB p65;TNF-α;IL-6 and IL-8 in nasal mucosa tissues were measured by Western blotting assay.The results showed that the inflammation of CRS in each treatment group was significantly attenuated.The expression level of TNF-α;IL-6;IL-8;MDA;NF-κB p65 and the contents of ROS were reduced significantly in treated groups;while the activity of SOD and the expression level of IκB were increased.More obvious effects were achieved in CA and CIP combined group.The data showed that combination of GA and CIP was superior to GA or CIP alone;and the combined therapy might be related with inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway and downregulating the expressions of TNF-α;IL-6 and IL-8.

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated encephalitis is a kind of autoimmune encephalitis mediated by anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, which belongs to anti-neuronal intracellular synaptic protein antibody-associated encephalitis. Clinical manifestations include stiff-person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, limbic encephalitis, seizures, etc., often associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, rarely associated with tumors. Detection of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody is crucial for clinical diagnosis. Immunotherapy helps to relieve symptoms and improve prognosis. The incidence of this disease is low, and there are few reports at home and abroad. This paper intends to review the research on this encephalitis, hoping to improve the clinicians′ understanding and the level of diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Dental composite resin is a kind of material which has been widely used in dental restoration. Research has found that the influence of residual monomer on the material mechanical, chemical and biological properties cannot be ignored. This paper elaborates these harms of residual monomers. The effects of resin matrix, inorganic filler and initiating system, illumination, secondarily treatment on the degree of conversion were also analyzed. The paper also discusses the effective measures to increase the conversion, and offers theoretical basis for the clinical application and development of composite resin.
Acrylic Resins ; Composite Resins ; Humans ; Light ; Polymers ; Polyurethanes

Objective To analyze the feature of B cell epitope of soluble liver antigen(SLA) in autoimmune hepatitis. Methods Twenty-one autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) were enrolled the study. The control groups included 15 primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) patients, 20 chronic virus hepatitis patients and 20 heaths. The serum incubated with coated one dimension of SLA peptide pools by ELISA for mapping the B cell epitopes. ELISPOT was performed to screen the SLA specific T cell response by observing the secretion of IFN-γ after PBMC simulated. Results Ten serum samples from AIH patients recognized the SLA peptide pools, the frequency was 47.62%, which was higher than PBC group, virus hepatitis group and normal control group, P value was 0.001, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively. The 10 positive serum dominant response to SLA 7 th pool(aa385-441), which laid in the unique no conservative region of the SLA molecular. T cell recognizing regions laid dominantly in first and second pool, the frequency was 30% and 40%, respectively, however the recognized frequency of 7th pool was 10%. Conclusion B cell linear epitopes lie in the sequence aa385-441, which is the unique unconservative region in the high conservative SLA molecular and overlaps with part sequence of T cell epitopes. The results show it is complex and interaction that SLA induced humoral-mediated immunity and cellular immunity to involve in AIH pathogenesis.

The present study is to investigate the quality changes of ginseng stems and leaves before and after frost. The contents changes of ginsenoside, free amino acid, and total phenolic compounds, as well as DPPH radical scavenging effect before and after frost were measured. The content of 9 ginsenoside monomer in ginseng stems was decreased except for Rg, and Re after frost, but in ginseng leaves was all decreased. The total content of amino acids was decreased in ginseng stems after frost, while increased in ginseng leaves. The content of phenolic compounds in ginseng stems and leaves were both decreased after frost while the ability of DPPH radical scavenging was improved. The factor of frost has great impact on the quality of ginseng stems and leaves.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Freezing ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Objective To study the impact of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B specific Bw4 epitope on disease progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Methods Eighty-six cases of HCV infection through paid blood donation were enrolled in the study.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect HCV IgG and IgM,real-time reverse transcriptation polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect HCV RNA,and sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) to analyze HLA type was performed.Categorical data were analyzed by chi-square test,and measurement data were compared by independent sample t test.Results Among the 86 HCVinfected individuals,there were 29 (33.7 ％) cases of Bw4/4 homozygote,38 cases (44.2 ％) of Bw4/6 heterozygote and 19 (22.1％) cases of Bw6/6 homozygote.The HCV RNA levels in Bw4/4 group,Bw4/6 group and Bw6/6 group were (3.98±0.32),(5.22±0.29),(5.04±0.38) lg IU/mL,respectively.The HCV RNA level in Bw4/4 group was significantly lower than those in the other two groups (t=2.821,P=0.0063 ; t =2.106,P =0.0407,respectively).The spontaneous clearance rates of Bw4/4 group,Bw4/6 group and BW6/6 group were 58.6％,26.3％ and 21.0％,respectively.The spontaneous clearance rate of Bw4/4 group was significantly higher than those of Bw4/6 group and Bw6/6 group (x2 =7.135,P =0.008; x2 =6.583,P =0.010,respectively).HCV infected individuals with homozygous epitopes of Bw4/4 had 4.351 times higher probability of spontaneous viral clearance than that of Bw4/6 heterozygote or Bw6/6 homozygote (OR=4.351,95％CI:1.676-11.294).Conclusions Homozygosity for HLA-Bw4-bearing B alleles is associated with significant lower HCV viral load and higher spontaneous clearance rate.The HLA-Bw4 epitopes have a protective effect against HCV infection.