Sailonggu, a traditional Chinese medicine is whole skeleton of Myospalax baileyi, which is a kind of animal of rodent from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Osteon Myospalacem Baileyiis the first category medicinal materials of China Food and Drug Administration. For better quality control, a method of the morphological identification of Osteon Myospalacem Baileyi was established by means of studying characteristics of the animal skeleton, it's microscopic characteristics of powder, and literatures comparison. The characteristics of Osteon Myospalacem Baileyi were observed and recorded in detail and marked by number, which could be used for identifying crude drug of Osteon Myospalacem Baileyi efficiently.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rodentia ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVE: To compare the chemical compositions of the stems (STL) and leaves (LTL) of Tussilago farfara L. using NMR-based metabolomic approach. METHODS: The STL and LTL were analyzed by NMR, then the differential components were determined by multivariate statistical METHODS:, including PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA, and univariate analysis. RESULTS: Fifty compounds were tentatively identified in the NMR spectra of STL and LTL. Multivariate coupled with univariate analysis revealed that some metabolites, such as valine,leucine,isoleucine,proline,chlorogenic acid,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and tussilagone,were present at higher levels in the LTF, while the STF contained higher levels of α-glucose and β-glucose.For some metabolites, such as malic acid, sucrose and choline, no significant differences were observed between STF and LTF. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the chemical differences between STF and LTF in a holistic way, and lays the scientific foundation for the resource utilization of the stems and leaves of T. farfara L.

Objective To investigate the association between methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and myocardial infarction (MI) in the Chinese Han ethnicity. Methods 432 patients suffered from myocardial infarction and 430 controls were involved for case and control groups, respectively. Nine tag SNPs in MTAP gene were selected and genotyped. Results We found no significant association of selected tag SNPs with MI in all of the samples. However, in stratified analysis, significant association was observed at rs7027989 in male subjects. The risk of MI increased by 26% (P=0.005) for male subjects of minor allele carriers in a dominant model. The increased risk of MI at rs7027989 remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion MTAP gene might be involved in the etiology of MI in Chinese Han ethnicity.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects on SOD, MDA, gamma-GT, GSH-Px and inflammatory factor (TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB, ICAM-1) in rats that induced by fructus toosendan, and to search for the hepatotoxicity mechanism of rats that induced by fructus toosendan.

METHODThe SD rats were given fructus toosendan 120 g x kg(-1) by orally for 45 days, then take the liver tissue of control and fructus toosendan group to prepare liver homogenate. The activities of SOD, the content of MDA, the ratio of SOD and MDA, the content of gamma-GT and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected according to the methods of kit. The tumor necosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was detected by ABC-ELISA. The expression of NF-kappaB p65 and ICAM-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTThe rats were given fructus toosendan 120 g x kg(-1) by orally for 45days, the SOD and GSH-Px activities in liver tissue decreased, the content of MDA increased, the ratio of SOD and MDA decreased, the content of gamma-GT and TNF-alpha, the masculine expression of NF-kappaB p65 and ICAM-1 increased.

CONCLUSIONAfter the rats were given fructus toosendan, the liver can be damaged obviously, and the mechanism of hepatotoxicity perhaps related to free radical and inflammatory factor.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine the contribution of the three most common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in XRCC1 gene, C26304T, G27466A and G28152A, to susceptibility of breast cancer in Chinese Han population.

METHODSIn this population-based case control study, 84 cases with breast cancer and 252 controls, matched to the cases in terms of habitation and age (5 years), were genotyped for the XRCC1 C26304T, G27466A and G28152A polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. The haplotype distribution was estimated and compared by EH linkage software 1. 2.

RESULTThe distribution of basic characteristics, such as age, alcohol drinking, the family history of malignancy in first and second relatives except cigarette smoking, were not significantly different between cases and controls. However, the percentage of ever or current smokers was significantly higher in cases (7.1%) than that in controls (2.0%). The distributions of allelotype and genotype of C26304T, G27466A and G28152A polymorphisms were also not significantly different between cases and controls. There was no significant association between the risk of breast cancer and these three SNPs of XRCC1 gene. The genetic linkage disequilibrium existed in these three polymorphic sites both in cases and controls, in which the CGG, CGA, CAG and TGG haplotypes were the most common. There was also no significant association of XRCC1 haplotype with risk of breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONXRCC1 C26304T, G27466A and G28152A SNPs may not be associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer. The CGG, CGA, CAG and TGG haplotypes might be the most common haplotypes in Chinese Han population.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Repair ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1

Compared with traditional drying methods for Chinese materia medica, microwave drying technology is not only with the features of easy and convenient to operate, rapidity, good effects, well remained appearance of medicine and low energy consumption, but also with the feature of extraordinary sterilization effects at the same time with drying. This article introduced the features and effects of microwave drying and sterilization technology, reviewed its application in the TCM field, and proposed existing problems and prospects in the recent research by targeting security problems (microwave radiation and microwave residue).

Humanistic care centered on the interests and needs of patients, is an important means to maintain the doctor-patient relationship and to build a harmonious society. However, there are still some problems in the major public hospitals, such as inadequate communication and coordination, complicated and time-consuming medical procedures, and so on. Based on this, this paper discussed the problems existing in public hospitals in Anhui Province, and put forward some measures, such as strengthening doctor-patient communication, caring for doctor-patient personnel, and constructing hospital culture, so as to perfect the humanistic care system.

BACKGROUNDType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered to affect mainly the elderly; however, the age at diagnosis has gradually reduced in recent years. Although the incidence of young-onset T2DM is increasing, it is still not fully clear the onset characteristics and risk factors of early-onset T2DM. The aim of this study was to describe the initiating characteristics of early-onset T2DM in Chinese patients and evaluate the risk factors for diabetes mellitus.

METHODSThis cross-sectional controlled study was performed using a questionnaire survey method in outpatients of multiple centers in China. A total of 1545 patients with T2DM with an age at onset of <40 years were included, and the control group consisted of subjects aged <40 years with normal blood glucose level.

RESULTSIn patients with young-onset T2DM, the mean age and initial hemoglobin 1Ac at diagnosis were 32.96 ± 5.40 years and 9.59 ± 2.71%, respectively. Most of the patients were obese, followed irregular diet pattern and sedentary lifestyle, had life or work pressure, and had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Compared with subjects with normal blood glucose level, logistic regression analysis showed that waist-to-hip ratio (odds ratio [OR] 446.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.37-4714.87), family history of diabetes mellitus (OR 23.46, CI 14.47-38.03), dyslipidemia (OR 2.65, CI 1.54-4.56), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.02, CI 1.00-1.04), and body mass index (OR 0.95, CI 0.92-0.99) are independent factors for early-onset T2DM.

CONCLUSIONSWe observed that abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, and medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors for early-onset T2DM. It is, therefore, necessary to apply early lifestyle intervention in young people with risk of diabetes mellitus.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; etiology ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Waist-Hip Ratio

Chinese patent medicine (CPM) is an important part of traditional and Chinese medicine (TCM). Its quality has direct impact on the safety and effectiveness of clinical use. The quality standard is the pivotal approach to guarantee the quality of CPM. Due to the complex material basis, multitudinous quality influencing factors and unveiled active ingredients, dose-effect relationship and action mechanism, the investigation on quality standard faces many difficulties. This paper surveys the current quality status of CPM and the general situation of CPM standards. At present, the dosing problem has the crucial impact on the quality of CPM. The current quality standard system of CPM is confirmed and the limitations are indicated. Based on the above analysis, the principles and considerations on investigation of quality standard are proposed as follows: ① Adhere to safety as the bottom line, strengthen the risk-control ability of the standard of CPM; ② Adhere to theory of TCM and comprehensive quality, improve the integrative control level of the CPM standard; ③ Emphasize technological development and innovation, promote the quality control competence of CPM standard; ④ Facilitate planning and coordination, optimize the management of the CPM standard system; ⑤ Reinforce investigation on evaluation method, develop grade evaluation standard, accelerate high-quality development of CPM. Finally, the future perspective on investigation of CPM quality standard is prospected.