Objective To study the effect of basiliximab,an anti-IL-2R monoclonal antibody,on the prevention of acute rejection and promoting graft survival in renal allograft recipients.Methods Published literature regarding the effects of basiliximab used for the prevention of acute rejection and promoting renal graft survival was reviewed,and Meta analysis was employed to analyze the results.Odds ratio(OR)and its 95% confidence interval(95%CI)were used as the parameters to evaluate the therapeutic effects.The statistical analyses were performed with RevMan 4.2 software.Results A total of 13 pertinent research articles were reviewed,including 2 papers written by Chinese authors and 11 by foreign authors.Meta-analysis of pooled results indicated that basiliximab prevented the recipients of kidney transplantation from acute rejection effectively with half-year prevention of OR 0.49 and 95%CI 0.28-0.87(P=0.01),and one-year prevention of OR 0.48,95%CI 0.35-0.65(P

Angiofibroma ; pathology ; Humans ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To analyze the clinical techniques of renal artery control in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.Methods 211 relative living renal transplantations were performed from June 2003 to June 2012,and 136 donors underwent laparoscopic donor living nephrectomy (LDN) since 2007.Forty donors were subjected to the Hem-o-lock clips for renal artery control by open surgery,87 donors to the Hem-o-lock clips for renal artery control by laparoscope,5 donors to the Endo GIA stapler for renal artery control by laparoscope,and 4 donors to the Hem-o-lock clips by laparoscope combined with hand-assisted suture transfixion for renal artery control.Results The warm ischemia time of renal artery control was shortest (1.1 ± 0.3 min) by Hem-o-lock clips in open surgery,and longest (3.2 ± 0.8) min by the Hem-o-lock clips with laparoscope.There was significant difference in the warm ischemia time of renal artery between open group and other groups,the differences (P＜0.05).The comparison of prognostic factors in the transplant renal outcome showed no significant difference among groups.The renal arterial stump-rrhexis-caused massive secondary bleeding occurred in 1 case subject to Hem-o-lock clips for renal artery control by laparoscope,with conversion to open surgery urgently,the operation was successful at last.Other renal artery control ways were all safe without any adverse reaction.Conclusion The warm ischemia time of renal artery control by Hem-o-lock clips in open surgery was shortest in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.The renal artery control way by Endo GIA stapler in laparoscope or by Hem-o-lock clips with hand-assisted suture transfixion is safest.The utilization of Hem-o-lock clips should be careful in high risk population such as severe atherosclerosis etc.

Xanthium strumarium is a common Chinese medicine used for the treatment of "Bi Yuan",it mainly contains water-soluble glycosides,sesquiterpene lactones,essential oils,fatty oils,phenolic acids and other compounds,its pharmacology contains hypoglycemic,antianaphylaxis,anti-microbial,anti-inflammatory,analgesia and anti-tumor.This article summarized the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Xanthium strumarium in order to provide reference for later study.

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibitory effect of angiotensin (1-7) on hepatic sinusoid angiogenesis using a rat model of hepatic fibrosis.

METHODSEighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups for sham operation (untreated/uninduced control group), bile duct ligation (BDL) (untreated model group), or BDL with angiotensin (1-7) treatment (treated model group). Histological analysis was used to assess the liver fibrosis score, by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the level of fibrosis, by Masson's trichrome staining. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to assess the expression of the angiogenesis markers vWF, VEGFA, and CD31.

RESULTSCompared with the untreated/uninduced control group, the untreated BDL model group showed remarkably higher fibrosis score, area of the type I collagen expression, and expression levels of vWF, VEGFA, and CD31. However, the angiotensin (1-7)-treatment protected against the BLD-related changes, as evidenced by decreased robustness and down-regulation of the corresponding indicators. Moreover, the expression level of VEGFA was highly correlated to the expression level of vWF (r = 0.956, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONBDL-induced hepatic fibrosis is accompanied by significant increases in angiogenesis-related factors, but angiotensin (1-7) treatment may inhibit hepatic sinusoid angiogenesis during the liver fibrosis process.

Angiotensin I ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Bile Ducts ; surgery ; Hepatic Veins ; pathology ; Ligation ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; Peptide Fragments ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of fire-needle therapy in treating deglutition disorders due to pseudobulbar palsy in the remission stage of stroke.Methods:Sixty-two eligible subjects were divided into a fire-needle group and a rehabilitation group by a simple randomization method at a ratio of 1:1.The two groups received same basic intervention;in addition,the fire-needle group received fire-needle treatment,while the rehabilitation group received rehabilitation training.The two groups of subjects all received a 3-week treatment and were evaluated by the dysphagia severity rating scale (DSRS),modified Mann assessment of swallow ability (MMASA) and Kubota Toshio swallow test (KTST) before and after the intervention.The complications and adverse events occurred during the trial were recorded.The data were statistically analyzed.Results:At the third week,the DSRS,MMASA and KTST scores changed significantly compared with the baseline in both groups (P＜0.05),and the changes in the fire-needle group were more significant than those in the rehabilitation group (P＜0.05).The between-group comparison at the third week showed that the therapeutic efficacy in the fire-needle group was superior to that in the rehabilitation group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Fire-needle therapy can obviously change the DSRS,MMASA and KTST scores in pseudobulbar palsy in the remission stage of stroke,and significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment of deglutition disorders in this stage.

Objective To investigate the effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on high glucose-induced pyroptosis and invasive migration of human chorionic trophoblast cells(HTR-8/SVneo).Methods HTR-8/SVneo cells were divided into 4 groups:control group(untreated),high glucose group(high glucose stimulation)and astragaloside Ⅳ 50 and 100 μmol/L group(high glucose stimulation + astragaloside).Cell activity was detected by Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK-8),cell invasion and migration abilities were determined by Transwell assay and scratch assay,respectively,cell pyroptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide(PI)dual fluorescence staining.The protein expression levels of NOD-like receptor thermoprotein structural domain(NLRP3),cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD-NT,and IL-18 were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the control group,HTR-8/SVneo cell viability was significantly reduced in the high glucose group,the rate of cell migration was significantly reduced,the number of invasive cells was significantly reduced,the percentage of PI-positive cells was significantly increased,and the levels of NLRP3,cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD-NT and IL-18 protein expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with the high glucose group,cell viability was significantly higher in the astragaloside Ⅳ treated group,the rate of cell migration was significantly increased,the number of invasive cells was significantly increased,the percentage of PI-positive cells was significantly decreased,and the protein expressions of number of NLRP3,cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD-NT,IL-18 were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion AstragalosideⅣcan inhibit high glucose-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell pyrolysis and improve cell invasion and migration ability.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and its related factors in the progression of nonalcoholi steatohepatitis (NASH) by investigating the alterations of lipid metabolism and liver histopathology as well as the changes of mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2 and its related factors in rats during NASH progression.

METHODSMale SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and model group, which were administrated with high fat diet to establish nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model. The rats from both groups were randomly killed at the end of 4, 12 weeks respectively. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected in the serum and liver tissue; Changes in fat deposition in liver tissue were determined by oil red O staining. HE staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue and to calculate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (hepatic steatosis, inflammation and ballooning degeneration of liver cells). The expression of Nrf2 in liver was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and related factors in liver were determined by Realtime PCR and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSAfter 4 weeks of high fat diet, the levels of ALT, AST, TC in rat serum and TC, TG, LDL-C in liver were significantly increased compared with that of the normal group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). After 4 weeks of high fat diet, the levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG in serum and TC, TG, LDL- C in liver increased further (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Until the 12th week, the content of HDL-C in liver was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). At the end of the 4th or the 12th week, lipid droplets in the model rat liver cells were heavily dyed red and hepatic steatosis increased severely, with ballooning degeneration of liver cells. With the extension of high fat diet feeding time, fat deposition in the liver tissue, hepatic steatosis, NAFLD score, Nrl2 expression were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Expression levels of mRNA and protein of Nrf2, heme oxyenase 1(HO1), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), γ-glutamylcysteine synthethase (γ-GCS), glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the model rats increased or decreased at the end of the 4th or the 12th week differentially, (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) with the more significant changes at the end of the 4th week than the 12th week.

CONCLUSIONNrf2 and its related factors may be involved in the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which may play an important role in the process of NASH formation.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Dipeptides ; metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ; metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Metabolic engineering has become a powerful tool for optimization of industrial fermentation processes. Metabolic engineering usually undergoes three steps: construction of a recombinant strain with improved properties, genetic and biochemical analysis of the strain, and identification of target for further improvement. Metabolic fluxes analysis is an important part of the biochemical analysis. Based on the law of mass conservation and assuming pseudo-steady-state for the intermediates in the metabolic pathways, we have quantitatively analyzed the time course of the flux distribution in Bacillus subtilis and used the data to reveal the nature of the so-called "40 hour" phenomenon in fermentation of guanosine, a key raw material for the synthesis of additives for human consumption and animal feeds. The phenomenon refers to the observation that guanosine production, which proceeds at high rate from 12 hour on, declines around 40 hour while consumption of glucose keeps increasing, leading to the lower yield of the nucleoside. Equations based upon the metabolic network of Bacillus subtilis consisted of EMP pathway, HMP pathway, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation pathway and others reactions of the intermediates, was constructed. The equations were solved by using the quantitative data obtained in this study. The air flow and volume, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the exit-gas were monitored online; the concentration of biomass, glucose and guanosine was analyzed manually; and the concentration of acetate, citric acid, pyruvate, and 17 amino acids were HPLC quantified. The solutions of the equation were proved to be valid, as the experimental data on oxygen consumption agrees with that of predicted form the equation. The results indicated that at 40h of the fermentation process the flux of HMP pathway, which provides the precursor of the nucleoside, decreased while that of EMP pathway and the pathways that generate amino acids and organic acids increased. The shift correlated with the accumulation of NH4+ in the broth. The assimilation of NH4+ is an energy consuming process and could shift the metabolism to the energy generating EMP pathway. Accordingly, measures were taken to prevent the accumulation of NH4+. The interference indeed stopped the metabolism shift and boosted the guanosine production at 30 g/L, 70% higher than the level reported in literature.
Bacillus subtilis ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; physiology ; Guanosine ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; metabolism

OBJECTIVESTo determine the germ-line mutations of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes in Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families' probands or in patients fulfilling different clinical criteria or guidelines; to clarify the nature and distribution of the mutations; to evaluate the sensitivity of different clinical criteria in mutation prediction.

METHODSThe entire coding regions (35 exons including exon-intron boundaries) of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes were directly sequenced in 24 Amsterdam criteria (AC) probands, 15 Japanese criteria (JC) probands (except AC kindreds) and 19 Bethesda guidelines (BG) patients (except two former groups). All available affected and unaffected members from families of those with mutations were screened for mutation.

RESULTSIn 16 unrelated families selected by the different clinical criteria, 17 germ-line mutations were found with 11 (64.7%) of hMLH1 and 6 (35.3%) of hMSH2. Two mutations were identified in one of the families. Among the 17 germ-line mutations, 12 had not been reported previously. A diversified mutation spectrum was found, but 6 hMLH1 mutations were found to be concentrated in the region encompassing exon 14, 15 and 16. There was a wide spectrum of mutation type including frame shift, nonsense, splice site mutation, in frame insertion or deletion and missense mutations. The mutation detection rate of hMSH2 and hMLH1 in the AC group was significantly higher than that in the JC group (12/24 vs. 3/15). On the other hand, a low mutation rate (1/19) was detected in 19 BG patients. The mutation cosegregated with disease. Besides, three different genotypes in tumors from probands of mutation-positive families were found.

CONCLUSIONShMSH2 and hMLH1 mutations in Chinese HNPCC families show a wide spectrum. It seems that hMLH1 gene is involved more frequently than hMSH2 gene in Chinese HNPCC families. Different clinical criteria predict mutations with different sensitivities. The Amsterdam Criteria are most sensitive, while Japanese Criteria are highly practical and the Bethesda Guidelines are also practical to some extent. Gene mutations cosegregate with the disease phenotype. Carriers with no symptom in HNPCC families are most vulnerable groups, follow-ups are required for this group to get early diagnosis and to prevent the development of CRCs.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Carrier Proteins ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; Pedigree ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics