Calibration ; Dose Fractionation ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; Movement ; Particle Accelerators ; instrumentation ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; Respiration ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Technology, Radiologic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

This study is to investigate the effects of indirubin on ATP-induced immune responses of macrophages. For this, neutral red dye uptake method was used to test phagocytosis, MTT assay was used for measuring cell death, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested with fluorescent probe DHE. The data showed that extracellular ATP attenuated phagocytosis, induced cell death and increased ROS production, and these effects were restored by pre-treating with indirubin. This result suggested that indirubin blockade the effects of ATP on macrophages, because extracellular ATP-induced effects are dependent on P2 receptors, in particular P2X7 receptors. Furthermore, the effects of indirubin on the activation of P2 receptors were tested, in particular P2X7 receptors. The data showed that indirubin significantly decreased ATP-induced, P2 receptors mediated intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rise and inhibited P2X7 receptor-based ethidium bromide (EB) dye uptake. These results suggested the inhibitory effects of indirubin on the activation of P2X7 receptors, which may underlying the effects on ATP induced ROS production, phagocytosis attenuation and cell death of macrophages.

Objective: To assess the trends in clinical characteristics and treatments for in-hospital patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in western rural China from 2001 to 2011. Methods: A two-stage random sampling procedure was used in our study. In 1st stage, stratiifed random sampling was applied to identify the participating hospitals and in 2nd stage, random sampling was applied to determine the patients to be studied. Taking 2001, 2006 and 2011 as 3 time points to study the in-hospital records for STEMI treatments. The results in each year were analyzed by weighted calculation in order to adjust the proportional impact by different sampling and therefore, to relfect the entire condition in western rural area. Results: A total of 32/35 hospitals with 1028 STEMI records were enrolled. From 2001 to 2011, the admitted STEMI patients from 64 (54-70) years of age increased to 67 (56-75) years,Ptrend<0.05, while gender composition was similar, the risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking substantially increased. Among patients without contraindications, the ues of following medications increased from 2001 to 2011: aspirin from 73.6% to 89.9%, clopidogrel from 0% to 66.5%, β-blockers from 25.4% to 64.3% and statins from 7.5% to 89.8%, allPtrend<0.01. From 2001 to 2011, the rates of primary PCI application were from 0% to 0.3%,Ptrend=0.51, the rates of thrombolytic therapy increased from 33.4% to 55.4%,Ptrend<0.01. At the year of 2001, 2006 and 2011, the reperfusion rates were 33.4%, 50.7% and 55.4%, Ptrend<0.01; the mortality within 7 days of admission were 3.0%, 10.1% and 6.7%, the rates of death or treatment withdrawal because of terminal status were 5.3%, 12.3% and 10.9%, there was no signiifcant trend in the above 2 rates after adjustments. Conclusion: The quality of medical care for STEMI was signiifcantly improved in western rural China from 2001 to 2011, while there are still gaps between western rural area and other regions.

Objective: To assess the trends of clinical characteristics, diagnostic and treatment conditions and outcomes for in-hospital patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in eastern rural China from 2001 to 2011.
Methods: Through a two-stage random sampling, a representative in-hospital STEMI patient group in eastern rural China of 2001, 2006 and 2011 were enrolled. In 1st step, a simple random-sampling procedure was conducted to identify the collaborating hospitals and in 2nd step, a systematic sampling procedure was performed to select representative patients from those admitted to each collaborating hospital for STEMI during the study period. Then we obtained patients’ clinical information from their medical records. Finally, we weighted the ifndings for each year to represent the overall situation.
Results: A total of 2820 STEMI medical records from 32 collaborating hospitals were enrolled. From 2001 to 2011, the median age of STEMI patients increased from 66 to 68 years, P<0.01, the percentage of female patients elevated from 31.4%to 35.8%, P<0.05. The ratios of cardiovascular risk factors were gradually increased. Among the patients without documented contraindications, application of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) increased from 0%to 27.5%, P<0.01, reperfusion increased from 49.7%to 58.8%, P<0.01. Administration of aspirin elevated form 80%to 87.8%, Clopidogrel from 0%to 72.6%, statins from 16.7%to 89.6%;administration ofβ-blockers within 24 h of admission elevated from 41.5%to 55.5%, P<0.05 and ACEI/ARB from 58.3%to 69%, P<0.01. In 2001, 2006 and 2011, the in-hospital mortality within 7 days were 6.8%, 8.3%and 5.7%respectively;mortality plus treatment withdrawal because of terminal status at discharge were 10.2%, 12.4%and 9.5%respectively. After adjustment, the above ratios did not change signiifcantly.
Conclusion: From 2001 to 2011, application of PCI grew from nothing and effective medication was improved for in-hospital STEMI patients in eastern rural China. However, there were still obvious gaps for diagnosis and treatment from the guideline requirement;the patient outcomes have not been improved.

Objective: To assess the trend of statin application for in-hospital acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with its impact factors in eastern urban China from 2001 to 2011. Methods: A 2-stage random sampling design was performed to extract representative AMI sample patients. In the ifrst stage, a simple random-sampling was used to identify participating hospitals. In the second stage, a systematic sampling was conducted in 2001, 2006 and 2011 to select the cases from participating hospitals, to take medical records and clinical information for calculating the in-hospital statin application rate. The impact factors for statin application was assessed by multi Logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations. Results: A total of 5940 AMI records from 32 hospitals were enrolled. From 2001 to 2011, the in-hospital statin use rate increased from 46.0% in 2001 to 82.2% in 2006 and to 93.7% in 2011,P<0.001 for trend. Multi Logistic regression analysis indicated that the patients with LDL-C>3.37 mmol/L were more likely to receive statin therapy than those with LDL-C<1.81 mmol/L (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.10-2.30,P=0.013); the patients with chest pain at admission (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.14-2.91, P=0.012), combining hypertension (OR=1.44, 95% CI 1.02-2.03,P=0.038), with in-hospital PCI (OR=2.99, 95% CI 1.71-5.23, P<0.001) were also more likely to receive statin therapy. The application rate of statin was reduced by reduced LDL-C level accordingly and the patients without LDL-C examination, accounting for 21.3%, had the lowest statin application rate. Conclusion: Statin therapy for in-hospital AMI patients was dramatically increased from 2001 to 2011 in eastern urban China and the guideline was rapidly popularized in clinical practice. However, the improvement has been needed especially in patients without LDL-C examination or with low LDL-C levels; we emphasize that AMI patients should receive statin therapy regardless their LDL-C levels.

Apoptosis is necessary for the development and maturation of Leydig cells. However, increased apoptosis results the decline of testosterone production, which may increase germ cell apoptosis and the possibility of infertility. There are several aspects contributing to Leydig cell apoptosis such as ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS), glucocorticoid, developmental stage and some hormones including FSH, LH/hCG and testosterone. A number of genes are involved in the regulation of Leydig cells apoptosis. It was reported that SCF/c-kit, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl inhibited the apoptosis while caspase-3, Fas, Bax and clusterine stimulated it.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; physiology ; Humans ; Leydig Cells ; cytology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; physiology ; Stem Cell Factor ; physiology ; bcl-X Protein

OBJECTIVETo systematically evaluate the quality of Semen Armeniacae Amarum.

METHODThe amygdalin content in the samples of Semen Armeniacae Amarum from different markets was analysed by HPLC. Some physical and chemical tests were done to investigate their quality.

RESULTSome significant differences in amygdalin contents and some physical and chemical parameters were shown between the crude drugs and the processed ones. There are few changes in amygdalin contents with the storage in 17 years.

CONCLUSIONThe processing conditions are the main factors that affect the quality of Semen Armeniacae Amarum. Furthermore, a systematic evaluation of the quality of its samples from the different markets has been established by a radar diagram based on the following five parameters: amygdalin contents, the lipid content, ethanol-soluble extract, total ash and acid-insoluble ash.

Amygdalin ; analysis ; Hot Temperature ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prunus ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To summarize the research status and hotspots of Wumei Pills;To provide ideas and methods for the follow-up research of Wumei Pills.Methods Related literature about Wumei Pills was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM from the establishment of the databases to January 12,2023.The publication time,author,author unit and keywords were collected and extracted through NoteExpress 3.0 software to manage bibliographic data.VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was used to conduct co-occurrence and clustering analysis,and construct keyword time superposition network.Results After screening,a total of 2 105 articles were included,involving 3 554 authors,such as Yan Shuguang,Fan Heng,and Hui Yi.They were from 1 135 units,such as Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.The included articles contained 2 565 keywords,which appeared 7 061 times,and the research involved 4 main directions:digestive system diseases(ulcerative colitis),study on TCM classics(Shang Han Za Bing Lun),medical cases and experience,and biliary ascariasis.The hotspots of Wumei Pills were scattered in recent years.Six meridian disease to appear,opening and closing pivots,intestinal microbiota,serum inflammatory factors and insomnia were research hotspots in recent 3 years.Conclusion The research of Wumei Pills mainly focus on the research of digestive system diseases,TCM classics,medical cases and experience,and biliary ascariasis.Theoretical research of TCM and mechanism research possibly become new hotspots of this field.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic pro-gressive inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that damages the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.A growing number of studies have demonstrated that dysfunctional cell death occurs at inflammatory sites,leading to the destruction of the intestinal mechanical barrier and aggravation of inflammatory responses.Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid oxidation.There have been many articles that reported intestinal abnormal related factors of ferroptosis in patients with IBD.In view of the unclear current IBD specific pathogenesis and the many limitations in treatment,we summarize the research progress of ferroptosis mechanism in recent years,and expound the potential role of fer-roptosis in the pathogenesis of IBD,aiming to provide direction for the future study of the pathogenesis of IBD and the develop-ment and application of therapeutic drugs.

This study is to investigate the effects of indirubin on ATP-induced immune responses of macrophages. For this, neutral red dye uptake method was used to test phagocytosis, MTT assay was used for measuring cell death, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested with fluorescent probe DHE. The data showed that extracellular ATP attenuated phagocytosis, induced cell death and increased ROS production, and these effects were restored by pre-treating with indirubin. This result suggested that indirubin blockade the effects of ATP on macrophages, because extracellular ATP-induced effects are dependent on P2 receptors, in particular P2X7 receptors. Furthermore, the effects of indirubin on the activation of P2 receptors were tested, in particular P2X7 receptors. The data showed that indirubin significantly decreased ATP-induced, P2 receptors mediated intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rise and inhibited P2X7 receptor-based ethidium bromide (EB) dye uptake. These results suggested the inhibitory effects of indirubin on the activation of P2X7 receptors, which may underlying the effects on ATP induced ROS production, phagocytosis attenuation and cell death of macrophages.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Phagocytosis ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ; metabolism