Objective To detect the phenotype and genotype of 11 vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE).Methods Disk diffusion test,microdilution broth method,VITEK-2 and Etest were used to determin the susceptibility of 11 VRE to vancomycin and teicoplanin. MIC to 10 antimicrobial agents were determined with microdiluton broth method. vanA, vanB ,vanC_1, vanC_2 were detected with multiplex PCR and were further confirmed by DNA sequencing. TEM, tetM,ermB,aac(6′)/aph(2′′),ant(6)- I,aph(3′)-Ⅲ were detected with PCR.Results Susceptibilities of 11 VRE to vancomycin and teicoplanin were different in four vitro susceptibility testing methods. VRE showed resistance to erythromycin(9/11),ciprfloxacin(7/11),levofloxacin(7/11),rifampin(8/11) and chloramphenicol(7/11). HLGR and HLSR is 10/11 and 9/11 respectively. 1 VanA,4 VanB,5 VanC_1 and 1 VanC_2 were detected and their phenotypes confirmed to the genotypes. High rate of TEM(8/11), tetM(6/11), ermB(7/11), aac(6′)/aph(2′′)(7/11), ant(6)- I(5/11) and aph(3′)-III(9/11) were detected in 11 VRE.Conclusions VRE screening test and the determination of MIC are reliable in finding VRE. PCR is precise and specific in the testing and confirmation of VRE. The high rates of drug resistance genes showed the complicated mechanisms of drug resistance in VRE.

Metabolic related fatty liver disease(MAFLD) is a kind of fatty liver disease caused by metabolic dysfunction closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility, also known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a worldwide curable viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.If MAFLD is combined with CHC, CHC can lead to insulin resistance, increase the oxidative stress of hepatocytes, accelerate the steatosis of hepatocytes, and affect the therapeutic effect of MAFLD.

Professor GAO Weibin academically advocates, based on basic theory of TCM and theories of different schools, modern science technology should be used for the methods and principles of acupuncture and Chinese medicine for neuropathy, so as to explore and summarize the rules, characteristics and advantages of TCM for nervous system disease, especially bulbar paralysis. During the treatment of bulbar paralysis, professor GAO creatively proposes the effective acupuncture points such as Gongxue, Tunyan-1, Tunyan-2, Fayin, Tiyan and Zhifanliu from the aspects of neuroanatomy, and analyzes their anatomical structure and action mechanism.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; Bulbar Palsy, Progressive ; history ; therapy ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans

Disasters ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; therapy

This study aimed to construct full-length cDNA clones of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). SA14-14-2 strain and discuss the feasibility of constructing chimeric viruses for exogenous gene expression based on the JEV genetic skeleton. Long-fragment RT-PCR techniques were applied to amplify JEV cD-NAs, and two amplified fragments with corresponding restriction endonuclease sites at both ends were cloned into the pACYC184 vector sequentially. Using standard molecular techniques, the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was inserted into the 3' non-coding region of JEV as a reporter gene. After in vitro transcription and transfection procedures, wild-type JEV and chimeric JEV that expressed the EGFP as the reporter gene were successfully rescued. The recovered viruses were characterized by RT-PCR, plaque assays, and direct fluorescence microscopy. After six serial passage generations, the stability of the recovered viruses were studied in terms of virus growth characteristics and structural gene expression. The results showed that cDNA clones of rJEV and rJEV-EGFP were successfully constructed and rescued in BHK-21 cells after in vitro transcription and transfection. Each generation of the recovered viruses was stable and the chimeric virus rJEV-EGFP could stably express EGFP. The findings of this study indicate that both rJEV and rJEV-EGFP could be constructed and rescued in BHK-21 cells, and the JEV SA14-14-2 strain could be obtained as a viral vector to express foreign genes.
Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; metabolism ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; genetics ; metabolism ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; virology ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Vaccines ; genetics ; metabolism

[Summary]_ Severe hypertriglyceridemia is the third common cause of acute pancreatitis following after alcohol abuse and cholelithiasis. Moreover, it is also an important risk factor of cardiovascular events. However, the cases of severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by autoimmune disease were rare in clinical, which would bring the difficulty for diagnosis and treatment. A better understanding of the clinical characteristics, possible pathogenesis, and corresponding therapy of the disease would be helpful, which would reduce the risk of complications, and finally improve both the survival rate as well as quality of life of these patients.

BACKGROUND: Pedicle screw fixation is mainly used to treat thoracolumbar disorders, and accurate placement is the key to success; thereafter, how to improve the accuracy of placement and reduce the secondary nailing is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of various pedicle screw placement methods and their application value.METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for clinical research concerning the pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar disorders published before May 2016 using the keywords of pedicle screw fixation, free-hand technique,3D-printing technology, computer navigation technology, clinical application prospect in English and Chinese,respectively. The repetitive literatures were excluded, and the advanced pedicle screw technologies were collected and evaluated in views of feasibility, universality and practicability.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Computer-assisted navigation system and three-dimensional printing technology are the focus of research, but only applied in the treatment of pedicle congenital malformations or complicated cases. (2) Free-hand technique is still the most widely used, which is the essential skills that surgeons must master. (3) Traditional technology is still the mainstream in clinic, so improved preoperative planning, and individualized scheme are needed.

ObjectiveTo evaluation application of MSCTA technology in pre-and pro-liver transplantation.MethodsThirty - two patients with liver transplantation were performed with multi-phase CT scanning (MSCT).In hepatic artery and portal phase vascular 3D imaging reconstruction methods include multiple planar reconstruction ( MPR),maximum intensity projection ( MIP),volume rendering (VR).MIP images were measured with these parameters (CA,LGA,CHA,PHA,PV,SV,SMV in diameter).ResultsHepatic arterial vascular imaging scan can show clearly within the scope of the abdominal aorta,gastroduodenal artery,hepatic artery,the left hepatic,celiac trunk,and its branches.Portal vascular imaging clearly showed that the portal vein system.MIP can use accurate measurement of vascular diameter abdominal aorta and portal,superior mesenteric vein,and splenic vein diameter.Control group with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer artery diameter had no significant difference in patients with portal hypertension and the portal vein [ ( 16.7 ± 2.4 ) mm ],mesenteric vein [ ( 10.8 ± 2.1 ) mm ],and splenic vein diameter [(13.1±1.9)mm] compared to the control group[(13.8 ±1.6)mm,(8.2 ±1.7)mm,(8.9±1.1)mm ],the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions MSCTA can show the liver artery and portal vein system of the non-invasive method of checking,Joint MIP and VR application can provide more clinical liver transplant before the hepatic artery and portal vein of information,liver transplantation arteriovenous anastomoses provides for the monitoring of vascular diameter.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polys patients, and explored the regulation of clarithromycin on VEGF. METHOD: RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of VEGF in nasal mucosa from healthy control and CRSwNP. Nasal mucosal tissue explant culture measure and ELISA were used to explore the effect of clarithromycin on VEGF expression. RESULT: (1) VEGF mRNA expression level was significantly increased in CRSwNP compared with control and showed a statistic difference (P < 0.01). (2) There was a significant decrease in CRSwNP group undergo clarithromycin treatment on protein expression level of VEGF and showed a statistic difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION VEGF were overexpressed in CRSwNP group, which presume that play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Clarithromycin may play a therapeutical role on chronic rhinosinusitis through down-regulated the expression of VEGF.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Clarithromycin ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Nasal Polyps ; complications ; Rhinitis ; complications ; metabolism ; Sinusitis ; complications ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among elderly residents in the community.Methods:A total of 1 894 patients aged 60-75 years with NAFLD visiting general practice clinic from March 2016 to March 2018 were enrolled in the study; 1 894 age and sex-matched subjects without NAFLD served as the control group. The data of gender, age, smoking status,body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, blood biochemistry,past medical history and other clinical and laboratory testing were collected in the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the related risk factors of NAFLD.Results:The BMI [(27±3) kg/m 2vs.(24±3) kg/m 2, t=-26.139], waist circumference [(89±8) cm vs.(82±8) cm, t=-24.398], heart rate [(75±11) bpm vs. (74±11) bpm, t=-2.370], and diastolic blood pressure [(87±10) mmHg vs. (85±10) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), t=7.898] in the NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05). The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) [(5.9±2.0)mmol/L vs. (5.3±1.5) mmol/L, t=10.438], glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [(6.2±1.2)% vs. (5.9±0.9)%, t=11.654], alanine aminotransferase (ALT)[(24±16) mmol/L vs. (18±15) mmol/L, t=11.915], aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [(23±11) mmol/L vs.(22±13) mmol/L, t=4.300], blood uric acid (UA) [(342±84) mmol/L vs. (307±80) mmol/L, t=13.189], total cholesterol (TC) [(5.3±1.1) mmol/L vs. (5.1±1.0) mmol/L, t=6.073], triglycerides (TG)[1.71(1.29,2.35) mmol/L vs. 1.17 (0.91,1.57) mmol/L, Z=37.261], and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)[(3.4±0.9) mmol/L vs. (3.2±0.9) mmol/L, t=6.984] in NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01); and the levels of blood creatinine (Cr) [(70±17) mmol/L vs. (71±18) mmol/L, t=-2.712] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [(1.3±0.3) mmol/L vs. (1.5±0.4) mmol/L, t==-16.726] in NAFLD group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.01). The proportion of people with hypertension [53.8% (1 019/1 894) vs. 43.4% (822/1 894)], type 2 diabetes [16.7%(317/1 894) vs. 11.3%(214/1 894)], metabolic syndrome [48.3% (915/1 894) vs. 18.0% (341/1 894)] in NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ 2=41.013, 23.237, 392.446, P<0.01). Logistic regression analyses revealed 13 independent risk factors of NAFLD, including 60-75 years-old female ( OR=2.348, 95 %CI: 1.917-2.876, P<0.01), high BMI ( OR=1.143, 95 %CI: 1.099-1.189, P<0.01), elevated TG ( OR=1.894, 95 %CI: 1.716-2.090, P<0.01), LDL-C ( OR=3.066, 95 %CI: 2.359-3.983, P<0.01) and HbA1c ( OR=1.276, 95 %CI: 1.175-1.386, P<0.01). Conclusion:The factors associated with NAFLD are complicated; and corresponding measures targeting the risk factors should be taken to reduce the occurrence and development of NAFLD among elderly people in the community.