of left and right side cerebral cortical veins was 159.16(154.88-164.13)ppb(× 10-9), 164.61(156.23-168.04) ppb, respectively. The median susceptibility (extent) of left and right side thalamostriate veins was 160.51 (152.14-170.06) ppb, 162.48(153.47-173.66)ppb, respectively. Left were less than the right, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.14,-2.02, P<0.05). And the difference of two side of other cerebral venous susceptibility had no statistical significance. The median susceptibility (extent) of right cerebral cortical veins, left thalamostriate veins and right septal veins of 22 male was 166.22(159.21-169.99) ppb, 168.65(159.19-174.45)ppb and 153.42(148.10-161.78)ppb, respectively. The coresponding positions of median susceptibility (extent) of 38 female was 161.10(155.06-167.15)ppb, 157.70(151.53-164.41)ppb and 147.52(142.94- 154.16)ppb, respectively. The susceptibility of right cerebral cortical vein, left thalamostriate vein, right septal vein of male was significantly different from the females (Z=-2.03,-2.20,-2.33, P<0.05). Futhermore, we also found that there had positive correlation between age and right thalamostriate vein(r=0.28,P<0.05). Conclusion The magnetic sensitive of the right thalamostriate vein tends to increase along with the age, and some of peoples had difference with bilateral and age.

The imaging findings of pelvic lipomatosis as confirmed by operation and pathology were examined in 1 case and two follow-up asymptomatic cases retrospectively analyzed.The imaging findings included a compressed and deformed bladder with a superior displacement.Its shape was like an inverted tear and pear in coronal view and a banana in sagittal view.Bilateral ureters were both compressed with a medial deviation.And bilateral ureters were dilated with hydronephrosis in 1 case.Rectum and sigmoid were both compressed and became narrowed.The clinical manifestations included frequent urination , urgent urination , urination pain, dysuria, constipation, nausea, vomit and fever in 1 case while another 2 cases stayed asymptomatic.

Objective To investigate the brain mechanism elicted by multiple conflict.Methods This study integrated different types of conflict,including Flanker,Stroop and Simon conflict,by using the event-related potential(ERP) technique.Results The behavioral data showed that there were the congruency effect and the conflict adaptation effect in all types of the conflict.ERP data showed that the congruency effects of P300,N450 and SP component were found in all types of conflict.Conclusion The conflict monitoring theory is still available for various types of conflict in multiple conflict conditions and the human brain uses local control mechanism to resolve the conflict.In addition,the human brain resolves the conflict based on the flexibility of cognitive control system driven by multiple conflict and the conflict-specific control mechanisms.These mechanisms are independent and free from any interference with each other.

Objective To evaluate the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ ( Ang Ⅱ ),angiotensin- (1-7) [ Ang- ( 1-7 ) ],and co-action of Ang Ⅱ and Ang-( 1-7 ) on β cell insulin signaling pathway.Methods Mouse pancreatic β cell line NIT-1 was incubated with( 1 )0,10-7,10-6,10-s,10-4 mol/L concentrations of Ang Ⅱ for 24 h ; ( 2 )0,10-7,10-6,10 -5,10-4 mol/L concentrations of Ang- ( 1-7 ) for 24 h; ( 3 ) co-administration of Ang Ⅱ and Ang- ( 1-7 ) was divided into control,10-5mol/L Ang Ⅱ,10-6mol/L Ang-( 1-7 ),10-5mol/L Ang Ⅱ + 10-6mol/L Ang-( 1-7 ) group.Tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor β subunit(IR-β-Tyr) and serine phophorylation of protein kinase B(Akt-Ser) were detected by Western blot.ResultsInsulin-stimulated IR-β-Tyr and Akt-Ser phosphorylation was significantly decreased in Ang Ⅱ 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L group; no significant changes in insulin-stimulated IR-β-Tyr and Akt-Ser phosphorylation were detected between Ang-( 1-7 ) treatment groups and control; Ang-( 1-7 ) blocked the inhibitory effect of Ang Ⅱ on Akt-Ser phosphorylation,yet exerted no effect on Ang Ⅱ-induced IR-β-Tyr phosphorylation inhibition.Conclusion Ang Ⅱ significantly inhibits insulin signaling pathway in β cell; Ang-( 1-7 ) reverts the inhibitory effect of Ang Ⅱ on insulin-stimulated Akt-Ser phosphorylation in β cell.

Objective To evaluate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of rats, and the relationship with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.Methods The primarily cultured hippocampal neurons were seeded in 96-well plate at a density of 1×106 cells/ml (200 μl/hole) , and were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table: control group (C group), paclitaxel group (P group), JNK inhibitor SP600125 group (S group), and SP600125 + paclitaxel group (S+P group).Paclitaxel 2 ml (1 μmol/L) was added to group P.SP600125 2 ml (10 μmol/L) was added to group S.In group S+P, SP600125 2 ml (10 μmol/L) was added, the cell were then incubated for 1 h, and then paclitaxel 2 ml (1 μmol/L) was added.The cells were then incubated for 24 h.At 24 h of incubation, the apoptosis in hippocampal neurons was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of NF-κB p65 was measured by Western blot.The apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and the expression of NF-κB p65 was up-regulated in P and S+P groups, and the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased, and the expression of NF-κB p65 was down-regulated in group S (P＜0.05).Compared with group P, the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased, and the expression of NF-κB p65 was down-regulated in group S+P (P＜0.05).Conclusion JNK signaling pathway mediates paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of rats, and the mechanism is likely related to inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation.

Objective To detect the volume changes of cerebral gray and white matter in patients with maintaining hemodialysis using voxel-based morphometry(VBM) and to correlate these changes with cognitive function. Methods Forty-two patients with maintaining hemodialysis and 41 age and sex matched normal subjects were recruited in this study. MMSE was obtained to evaluate their neuropsychiatric conditions. Whole brain high-resolution T1WI was performed on 3.0 T MR scanner in both patients and normal controls. The data were analyzed by VBM based on SPM8, using analysis of functional neuroimages (AFNI) software package with the Monte Carlo simulation method(AlphaSim method) for multiple cluster level comparisons correction. Independent sample t test analysis was used to compare the volume of gray and white matter between the patients and normal controls. In addition, Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the voxel value of cerebral volume changes area and dialysis duration and clinical laboratory examination, and Spearman correlation analysis was used for the correlation between the left insula voxel values and neuropsychological test scores. Results Compared with normal controls, patients showed significantly decreased volume in the grey matter of the right putamen, the left putamen, the left insula (numbers of voxel in clusters were 455, 561, 162, t=-9.5681,-5.9516,-5.7185,P<0.001, AlphaSim-corrected). There was negative correlation between decreased grey matter volume of the right putamen[(0.53 ± 0.12)mm3]and the left putamen[(0.48 ± 0.12)mm3] and dialysis duration [19.0(1.5-114.0)months] (r=-0.330,-0.307,P<0.05). MMSE score of patients[29(21-30)score] was significantly lower than normal controls[30(28-30)score] (Z=-30.58,P<0.01). Decreased grey matter volume of the left insula [(0.39 ± 0.12) mm3] was positively correlated with MMSE(r=0.320, P<0.05). Conclusions The patients with maintaining hemodialysis show grey matter atrophy which is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction. Dialysis duration may be an important risk factor for decreased gray matter in patients with maintaining hemodialysis.

Objective To evaluate the distribution and age-related changes of brain iron content in healthy people using MR quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).Methods Sixty three healthy right-handed volunteers underwent the routine MRI and SWI scan to get SWI-unfiltered phase images and magnitude images.QSM were reconstructed from the SWI-unfiltered phase images and magnitude images using SMART software.The regions of interest at the bilateral frontal white matter and nuclei (caudate nuclews,globus pallidus,putamen,substantia nigra,dorsal thalamus,red nucleus and dental nucleus) were drawn manually,and the susceptibility was measured.The linear correlation between the susceptibility and iron concentration cited from Hallgren and Sourander's post-mortem brain study was calculated.Wilcoxon test were applied to calculate the difference between the bilateral frontal white matter and bilateral nuclei.The correlation of age with susceptibility of bilateral frontal white matter and bilateral nuclei were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results The median susceptibility (extent) of frontal white matter,caudate nucleus,globus pallidus,putamen,dorsal thalamus,substantia nigra,red nucleus and dentate nucleus of 63 healthy people were-12.81 (-31.56,8.72),39.27 (22.35,75.13),93.99 (19.19,158.75),29.16 (4.11,81.53),2.91 (-27.80,27.95),83.14 (38.57,185.79),63.49 (13.83,142.09),63.30 (36.78,128.53) ppb (× 10-9),respectively.There was high consistency with Hallgren and Sourander's study (r=0.91,P＜0.05).The susceptibility of globus pallidus was the highest,followed by substantia nigra.The least susceptibility was seen in the frontal white matter.The susceptibility of right caudate nucleus,substantia nigra,red nucleus and dental nucleus was higher than that of left side (Z value was-3.18,-4.44,-3.70 and-2.64,respectively,P＜0.05).The susceptibility of bilateral globus pallidus of the male was significantly different from that of the female (Z value was-2.27 and-2.42,respectively,P＜0.05).There was positive correlation between age and the susceptibility of bilateral caudate nucleus,putamen,red nucleus and dental nucleus (r value was 0.30 to 0.49,P＜0.05).Conclusions QSM based on the SWI-unfiltered phase and magnitude images can clearly display the cerebral nuclei and evaluate the brain iron content accurately,which is consistent with the histopathological results.Iron content of bilateral caudate nucleus,putamen,red nucleus and dental nucleus increase with aging.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between previous bleeding history and poor prognosis of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods:This study was a prospective multicentre real-world study (Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Real-word study, AUGUR study). The data of patients with UGIB who were admitted to the emergency department of 20 tertiary hospitals in China from June 30, 2020 to February 10, 2021 were collected. According to the number of previous bleeding history, the patients were divided into three groups (0 time, 1-3 times, and≥4 times). Based on the patient’s demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, treatment, and outcomes, univariate and logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate the correlation between the number of previous bleeding and the 90-day mortality and rebleeding of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.Results:A total of 1 072 patients with acute UGIB were included in this study. The all-cause mortality and rebleeding rate of all patients were 10.9% (117/1 072) and 11.8% (129/1 072), respectively. Among them, 712 patients (66.42%) had no previous bleeding, 297 patients (27.71%) had previous bleeding 1-3 times, and 63 patients (5.88%) had previous bleeding≥4 times. In univariate analysis, age, vital signs and consciousness on admission, history of liver cirrhosis, onset with hematemesis, admission hemoglobin, varicose veins bleeding, peptic ulcer bleeding, red blood cell infusion, tracheal intubation and the use of vasopressors after admission were risk factors for the 90-day mortality and rebleeding rate. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with previous bleeding≥4 times had a higher risk of the 90-day mortality ( OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.04-4.57, P=0.040) and rebleeding ( OR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.19-4.53, P=0.013). Conclusions:The history of previous bleeding≥ 4 times can be used as an independent risk factor for the 90-day mortality and rebleeding in patients with acute UGIB.

A metabolic profiling analysis method for metabolomic studies of rice leaf was established based on HSS T3 combined with XBridge Amide Q-TOF LC/MS by comparing the influences of different extraction methods in rice leaves of metabolites. The extraction and separation of rice leaf metabolites using three different methods including methanol-chloroform-water,methanol-chloroform-ammonia,methanol-methyl tert-butyl ether -water and different chromatographic systems were compared by the numbers of peaks, identified metabolites and the metabolic pathways. The results showed that the method of methanol-chloroform-water reached the highest coverage rate of metabolites in rice leaves,and the maximum number of unique metabolites including prephenic acid, luteolin, α-linolenic acid, aconitic acid, gibberellin A12 aldehyde, isovitexin, L-Glutamate were detected. Metabolites with different polarity in rice leaf could be detected by HSS T3 and XBridge Amide. A total of 16 kinds of organic acids, 17 kinds of nucleotides, 21 kinds of amino acids, 66 kinds of fatty acids,11 kinds of phospholipids and 7 kinds of sphingolipids were identified. XBridge Amide had an absolute advantage in detecting phospholipids and sphingolipids. The metabolic pathways involved purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, arginine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and vitamin B2 synthesis. It showed certain complementarity between the two columns in identifying metabolites and involved the metabolic pathways. The established method is expected to be useful for the metabolomic studies of rice.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the feasibility of vascular bundle implantation combined with allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation in treating rabbit femoral head osteonecrosis and bone defect, in order to explore a new method for the treatment of femoral head necrosis.

METHODSThirty-six New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups,with 12 rabbits in each group. Bilateral femoral heads of the rabbits were studied in the experiment. The models were made by liquid nitrogen frozen, and the femoral heads were drilled to cause bone defect. Group A was the control group,group B was stem cells transplantaion group of allograft marrow stromal,and group C was stem cells transplantation group of allograft marrow stromal combined with vascular bundle implantation. Three rabbits of each group were sacrificed respectively at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation. All specimens of the femoral heads were sliced for HE staining. Furthermore ,vascular density and the percentage of new bone trabecula of femoral head coronary section in defect area were measured and analyzed statistically.

RESULTSIn group C,new bone trabecula and original micrangium formed at the 2nd week after operation; new bone trabecula was lamellar and interlaced with abundant micrangium at the 8th week;at the 12th week,the broadened,coarsened bone trabecula lined up regularly,and the mature bone trabecula and new marrow were visible. At the 2nd week after operation,there was no statistical significance in the percentage of new bone trabecula of femoral head coronary section in defect area between group B and C. While at 4, 8, 12 week after operation, vascular density and the percentage of new bone trabecula of femoral head coronary section in defect area of group C was higher than that of group B.

CONCLUSIONAllogeneic bone marrow stromal cells cultured in vivo can form new bone trabecula, and can be applied to allotransplant. Vascular bundle implanted into the bone defect area of femoral head necrosis could improve blood supply, and promote the formation of bone trabecula.

Animals ; Blood Vessels ; transplantation ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Rabbits ; Transplantation, Homologous