Disasters ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; therapy

China ; Periodicals as Topic ; Traumatology

China ; Periodicals as Topic ; Traumatology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of proton transportation across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and H(+)-ATPase of hepatocytes in endotoxic shock rats.

METHODSEndotoxin from E. Coil of 5.0 mg/kg or saline of 1 ml/kg was injected into the femoral vein. The rats were sacrificed pre-injection and 1, 3, 5, 8 hours after injection, and plasma and liver tissue samples were collected respectively. The liver tissue samples were used for preparation of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles (SMPs). The proton-translocation of SMPs and H(+)-ATPase, phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, membrane fluidities of different level of mitochondria membrane and plasma MDA content were assayed.

RESULTS(1) Five hours after E. Coli. O111B4 injection, the maximum fluorescence quenching ACMA after adding ATP, nicotinamide adenin dinucleoacid hydrogen (NADH), and the succinate were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The time of maximum fluorescent quenching and the half time of fluorescent quenching were significantly prolonged (P<0.01), especially when NADH was used as a substrate. (2) The mitochondrial H(+)-ATPase activity was significantly increased at early stage of endotoxic shock (P<0.05), and significantly decreased at late stage of endotoxic shock (P<0.01). (3) The mitochondrial membrane bound PLA(2) activity, plasmal and mitochondrial MDA content were significantly increased and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of mitochondria decreased markedly in endotoxic shock rats (P<0.05). (4) The mitochondrial membrane fluidity of different lipid regions was decreased, especially in the head of phospholipid.

CONCLUSIONSProton transportation across IMM and mitochondrial H(+)-ATPase activity are significantly decreased in endotoxic shock.

Animals ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria, Liver ; metabolism ; Proton-Translocating ATPases ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Shock, Septic ; enzymology

In order to investigate the influence of cytokine combinations on proliferation and differentiation of human umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells into megakaryocytes/platelets in vitro, the CD34(+) cells from human umbilical cord blood were amplified in serum-free medium StemSpan(SFEM) supplemented with several cytokine combinations by three-phase culture system. The effects of the cytokine combinations were compared. The results showed that at day 14 of the first culture phase, the CD34(+) cells cultured with cytokine combinations SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3 were amplified (11 000 ± 1 000) times, which were significantly higher than that of cells cultured with SCF + TPO + FL, but were not significantly different from that of cells cultured with SCF + TPO + IL-3 or SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3+ hydroxyl-corticosteroids. At day 7 of the second culture phase, the CD34(+) cells cultured with cytokine combination SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 were amplified by (204666.7 ± 11718.9) times, which were significantly higher than that of cells cultured with SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3, but were not significantly different from that of cells cultured with SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 + BMP4 + VEGF. At day 3 and day 6, the CD34(+) platelet-like cells accounted for about (39.8 ± 1.9)%, (39.7 ± 2.6)% and (25.5 ± 1.4)%, (23.1 ± 3.5)% cultured with SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 and SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 + BMP4 + VEGF, and significantly higher than that of the cells cultured with SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3. It is concluded that the cytokine combination of SCF + TPO + FL + IL-3 is most suitable cytokines combination for the amplification of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells. The cytokine combination of SCF + TPO + FL + IL-11 is preferred for the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes, this study lays an experimental basis for investigating the proliferation and differentiation of CD34(+) into megakaryocytes/platelets in vitro.
Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Blood Platelets ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-11 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-3 ; pharmacology ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; Stem Cell Factor ; pharmacology ; Thrombopoietin ; pharmacology

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring by 10-color flow cytometry in multiple myeloma (MM) patients after treatment. Methods: 150 patients with MM who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from July 2015 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data, MRD data monitoring by 10-color flow cytometry and prognosis were analyzed. Results: 39.1% (34/87) patients were MRD negative after induction chemotherapy, and 49.3% (34/69) patients were MRD negative within 1 year after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) . MRD-negative patients after induction chemotherapy or after transplantation have better progress-free survival (PFS) than MRD-positive patients (P=0.022 and P<0.001) . According to the changes of MRD pre-ASCT and after ASCT, the patients were divided into 4 groups: patients with MRD continued negativity,improved from MRD positive to MRD negative, MRD continued positivity, transformed from MRD negative to MRD positive. The two-year PFS of the four groups were 83%, 82%, 44%, 0, respectively, (P=0.002) . Multivariate analysis showed that the level of MRD after induction chemotherapy was an independent factor for PFS (P=0.002) , HR=4.808 (95%CI 1.818-12.718) . Conclusion: Patients with MRD negative after treatment is a better prognosis marker than complete remission or even the best marker, which can evaluate prognosis by combining R-ISS and cytogenetic changes.
Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis* ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous

The pivot effect of Tianshu (ST 25) was analyzed, which was explored from 5 aspects, named the ascending and descending of spleen and stomach
Acupuncture Points ; Liver ; Spleen ; Stomach

Rutin is extracted from Ruta graveolens L. with many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation , protecting cardiovascular system and analgesia. As a natural product, rutin has the advantages of low side effects and difficult tolerance, but its instability and low bioavailability still limit its clinical application. This paper summarizes the analgesic mechnism of rutin, and looks forward to the clinical applica¬tion of rutin based on its derivative and dosage forms. It is expected to provide ideas for further analgesic research and drug development and application of rutin in the future.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid ; pharmacology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Chloride Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Cytosol ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Niflumic Acid ; pharmacology ; Oligopeptides ; pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ; antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidences of urea cycle defects (UCDs) in the patients with hyperammonemia and study their etiology, clinical and laboratory features.

METHODSIn the past 7 years, 26 cases (10.2%) of UCDs were detected from 254 patients with hyperammonemia. The etiological diagnoses were made by blood amino acids analysis, urinary organic acid analysis and blood acylcarnitine profile analysis. Three patients with citrullinemia type II were further confirmed by liver pathological analysis and gene diagnosis.

RESULTSAmong 26 cases with UCDs, 15 had ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, 5 had citrullinemia type I, 3 had citrullinemia type II and 3 patients had arginemia. The age of onset of the patients ranged from 3 days to 13 years. Three cases (11.5%) developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy during neonatal period. Thirteen (50.0%), 7 (26.9%) and 3 (11.5%) cases developed clinical symptoms at the age of 1 to 12 months, 1 to 3 years and 6 to 13 years, respectively. Positive family history was found in 11 cases (42.3%). Among 26 patients with UCDs, 9 (34.6%) were hospitalized with the complains of seizures, psychomotor retardation, vomiting and unconsciousness, 8 (30.8%) with recurrent vomiting, headache and coma, 6 due to liver dysfunction. Intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice was found in 3 patients with citrullinemia type II. Blood ammonia ranged from 58 to 259 micromol/L on their first visit to our hospital. Twenty cases (76.9%) had liver dysfunction, 4 patients (15.4%) were diagnosed postmortem. Twenty-one patients got treatment and were followed up. Among them, 7 cases died of hyperammonemic encephalopathy or upper alimentary tract bleeding. Clinical improvement was observed in 14 cases. A boy with OTC deficiency who received a partial liver transplant from his mother showed normal general condition for two years.

CONCLUSIONSUCDs are the most frequent causes of congenital hyperammonemia. In this study, 26 patients (10.2%) with UCDs were identified from 254 patients with hyperammonemia resulting in encephalopathy and liver dysfunction. Early diagnosis and treatment can contribute a lot to improve the prognosis of the patients. Blood ammonia assay and further etiological analysis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological and hepatic abnormality.

Adolescent ; Ammonia ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; congenital ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Urea ; metabolism