Objective To explore the impacts of over-expression of microRNA-7 (miRNA-7) on the sensitivity of cis-platin in esophageal carcinoma cell line TE-1, and the possible mechanism thereof. Methods Lipofectmin 2000 method was used to transient transfect with miRNA-7 mimic into esophageal cancer cell line TE-1, which was taken as transfection group, mimic negative control was taken as transfection conrtol group. The expressions of miRNA-7 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR in the above two groups and normal control group. The total EGFR and EGFR in cytoplasmic and nucleus were detected with Western blot assay in transfection group and transfection control group. CCK-8 was used to detect IC50 of cisplatin in transfection group and transfection control group. The expression of EGFR was observed with immunofluorescence confocal microscope in two groups. Results The miRNA-7 expression was signifi-cantly increased in transfection group than that of transfection conrtol group and control group. The expression of EGFR mRNA was significantly reduced in transfection group (P<0.001). The total EGFR was significantly decreased in transfec-tion group than that of transfection conrtol group. The level of nuclear EGFR was significantly increased ( P<0.01),and cyto-plasm EGFR expression was significantly decreased in transfection group than that of transfection control group ( P<0.05). CCK-8 results showed that after the over expression of miRNA-7 in TE-1, the IC50 of cisplatin (48 h) increased in transfec-tion group than that of control group (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence results showed that EGFG in nuclear was higher in transfection group than that of transfection control group but its expressions reduced in cell membrane and cytoplasm. Con-clusion The over-expressed miRNA-7 in esophageal cancer cells TE-1 can reduce cisplatin sensitivity by the increased EGFR in nuclear translocation.

Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin (VAN) in the Chinese patients was described by using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM). 619 VAN serum concentrations data from 260 patients including 177 males and 83 females were collected separately from two centers. A one-compartment model was used to describe this sparse data. No significant difference was observed between two center datasets by introducing SID covariate. The final model was as CL= (θ (base0+ θ(max) x(1 -e(-θ(Age)(Age/72) and V = θ x θ (Age)(Age/72). The creatinine clearance (CL(Cr)) and Age were identified as the most significant covariate in the final model. Typical values of clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) in the final model were 2.91 L x h(-1) and 54.76 L, respectively. Internal model validation by Bootstrap and NPDE were performed to evaluate the robustness and prediction of the final model. The median and 95% confidence intervals for the final model parameters were based on 1000 Bootstraps. External model evaluation was conducted using an independent dataset that consisted of 34 patients to predict model performance. Pharmacodynamic assessment for VAN by AUC (0-24 h) to MIC ratios of over 400 was considered to be the best to predict treatment outcomes for patients. AUC (0-24 h) was calculated by clearance based on the above population model. The results indicate that the conventional dosing regimen probably being suboptimal concentrations in aged patients. The approach via population pharmacokinetic of VAN combined with the relationship of MIC, Age, CL(Cr) and AUC(0-24 h)/MIC can predict the rational dose for attaining efficacy.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Vancomycin ; pharmacokinetics

Objective To investigate the profiles of resistance following continuous treatment with TM208 using pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model,as well as to characterize the estrogen levels in hibition in human breast cancer xenograft mice.Methods MCF-7 xenograftnudemice were given TM208 (150 mg · kg-1 · d-1) or vehicle orally for 18 days.The concentrations of estrogen were measured using the human estrogen ELISA kit.The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TM208 were evaluated after administration.A one-compartment model with first order absorption was developed to describe the pharmacokinetics of TM208,and the time course of estrogen degradation was characterized by the indirect response model.Tolerance model was used to describe drug resistance of tumor.Results The simulation results showed that the inhibitory effects of TM208 on estrogen may decrease after continuous administration,and the KTO was 0.68 h-1 Conclusion The established PK/PD model allowed a better understanding of the role of estrogen inhibition in breast cancer treatment with TM208.Simulation based on the estrogen model allowed prediction of the detailed processes of TM208 effects on estrogen.Furthermore,the tolerance model-based modeling and simulation methods provided an option for the description and prediction of estrogen resistance.

AIM: To analyze the value of 24 - hour intraocular pressure ( IOP) monitoring in suspected glaucoma patients. METHODS: Totally 48 suspected glaucoma (96 eyes) were selected for 24 - hour IOP monitoring by using Accupen tonometer (24 - 3000) and non - contact tonometer (NCT, CT-80A) from 9 30 to 7 30 next day (once in 2h). During 07 30 to 21 30, patients were measured in sitting position,while during 23 30 to 05 30 in both sitting and supine position. RESULTS:A morning peak of IOP was shown at 7 30 in traditional position by using two measures with 22.05士3 608mmHg of NCT and 19.79士4.147mmHg of Accupen tonometer. The peak IOP in habitual position appeared in 5 30 with 21.64士4.814mmHg. The lowest IOP occurred in both position at 21 30 with 15. 73士3. 649mmHg. Both positions showed IOP trend of going up at night and then declining in the morning. CONCLUSION: The peak IOP in suspected glaucoma occurs mostly at early morning. Supine IOP of sleeping time is higher than that of sitting position.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in seeds of Helicia nilagirica.

METHODThe ethanol extract was seperated by petroleum ether, dichloromethane, n-butanol in sequence, then isolated by silica gel column chromatography. The structures were identified and elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane and n-butanol extracts, identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), gallic acid (3), helicide (4), 4-formylpymyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds except IV were isolated from the plant for the first time. The compounds I, II and III were isolated from the genus Helicia for the first time.

Benzaldehydes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gallic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Parabens ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Proteaceae ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry

Humans ; Moxibustion ; Depression ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Esophagitis, Peptic

The individual pathological and physiological characteristics of different patient population can significantly affect the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior.Although the PK study results from healthy subjects play an important role in guiding clinical rational medication,they may not be necessarily applicable to the population of elderly,children and gravida,and may not be suitable for all morbid states.Therefore,this article will review the PK clinical studies of various special population.

Hemophilia is genetic bleeding disorder , and the replacement therapy by the infusion coagulation factors provides an available effective for hemophilia.With the drug development at home and abroad , signifi-cant progress has been achieved in the field of hemophilia treatment in recent years, including the design of long -acting clotting factor prepara-tions, gene therapy, and novel agents.This study provides a brief over-view of current therapies for hemophilia and reviews the latest develop-ments in its treatment.

OBJECTIVETo analyze severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to irritating gases reported in China between 1989 and 2003, and to study the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control strategies.

METHODSThe data from the national occupational poisoning case reporting system were analyzed with descriptive methods.

RESULTS(1) There were 92 severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases during 15 years, which showed that there were 14.5 accidents occurred each year. Forty types of chemicals were reported to cause poisoning accidents directly. On average, there were 14.5 persons poisoned and 0.8 persons died of poisoning in each event. The number of death of poisoning reached 7 in most of the severe accidents. Chlorine was the main irritating gas resulting in poisoning accidents according to the number of accidents, cases and death.

CONCLUSION(1) The severe acute occupational poisoning related to irritating gases are more dangerous than others because of it is involved in more cases in each accident. (2) The accidents have concentricity in the certain types of chemicals, industries and jobs, and should be focused on control. (3) It is important to develop the program about early warning and forecast and the first aid.

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gas Poisoning ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Irritants ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases reported in China between 1989 and 2003, and to study the characteristics of severe acute occupational poisoning accidents and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control strategies.

METHODSThe data from the national occupational poisoning case reporting system were analyzed with descriptive methods.

RESULTS(1) There were 273 severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases for 15 years with 1638 workers poisoned and 600 workers died, which accounted for 53.95% in total accidents and 35.17% of workers poisoned and 78.64% of workers died of all severe acute occupational poisoning accidents. The average poisoning age was (33.8 +/- 9.7) years old and the average death age was (36.6 +/- 10.0) years old. (2) Most of the accidents were caused by hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide respectively, and mainly occurred in chemical industry, mining, water disposal industry, paper making industry and brewing industry. The risk was higher in some jobs than others, such as cleanout, machine maintenance and repair, production, mine and digging. The poisoning accidents occurred more frequently from April to September each year and occurred in the confined space, in the basement and the mine, and workers died of poisoning mostly were men.

CONCLUSION(1) The severe acute occupational poisoning accidents related to asphyxiating gases are more dangerous than others. (2) The control of poisoning accidents related to hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which occurred easily in the confined space, should be paid more attention to, and good work practice should be developed on some posts, such as digging, cleanout, dredge, machine maintenance and repair and mine.

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Gas Poisoning ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult