BACKGROUND:An amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation in the brain can induce nerve cel apoptosis, loss of synapses and functional damage. However, there is stil no effective intervention. Improving the synaptic plasticity provides an important direction for the treatment of early Alzheimer’s disease. OBJECTIVE: To screen the best model of Alzheimer’s disease and to explore the expression of synapse-associated proteins in Aβ25-35-injured PC12 neurons. METHODS:PC12 cels were induced by 50 μg/L nerve growth factor to differentiate into neuronal-like cels. Then, these cels were treated with Aβ25-35 at different concentrations. Consequently, cel survival rate was detected using cel counting kit-8; neurogranin and neuregulin immunofluorescence stainings were used to observe morphological changes of model cels; western blot used to detect the expression level of neurogranin, calmodulin kinase II, postsynaptic density-95 proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Over time, the survival rate of PC12 neurons induced by Aβ25-35 was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Shortened synaptic length, neuronal atrophy and sparsely interconnected neurons were visible. Expression levels of neurogranin, calmodulin kinase II and postsynaptic density-95 proteins were al down-regulated. These findings indicate that to screen the cel model of Alzheimer’s disease, the optimal concentration and interventional time of Aβ25-35are 10 μmol/L and 48 hours, respectively.

Objective To investigate the potential effect of 4-amino-pynidine(4-AP)on human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa to 252Cf neutron ray.Methods HeLa cells were treated with 4-AP(0,1,5,10,20 mmol/L,respectively)and then exposed to 0.67 Gy 252Cf neutron ray.The effect of 4-AP on proliferation of HeLa cells was assessed by MTT assay.Cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting were used to investigate the levels of HIF-1? mRNA and protein of HeLa cells treated with 4-AP(0,20 mmol/L)and 0.67 Gy 252Cf neutron ray.Results After HeLa cells treated with 0,1,5,10,20 mmol/L 4-AP were exposed to 0.67 Gy 252Cf neutron ray for 48 h,their inhibitory rate was 0,(38.81 ?3.45)%,(46.63?3.88)%,(63.58?6.19)%,(77.51?8.87)%,and their apoptotic rate was(3.15?0.85)%,(8.01?1.19)%,(16.00?1.58)%,(47.20?3.18)%,(62.56?4.27)%,respectively,suggesting 4-AP may inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and induce their apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner(P0.05).However,after treated with 20 mmol/L 4-AP and exposed to 0.67 Gy 252Cf neutron ray for 24,48 and 72 h,the optical density ratio of HIF-1? mRNA/?-actin of HeLa cells was(0.401?0.121),(0.364?0.142),(0.257?0.137),(0.165?0.099),while the optical density ratio of HIF-1? protain/?-actin were(0.879?0.117),(0.645?0.115),(0.312?0.114),(0.130?0.118),showing that the levels of HIF-1? mRNA and protein both declined(P

BACKGROUND: With the development of thrombolysis therapy in recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the protective effect of ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) and its mechanism at home and abroad,and aspirin is of great importance in the treatment of thrombus diseases owing to its powerful antiplatelet aggregative activity.OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect of aspirin on the gerbil brains with IRI and its influence on the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expressions.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiments.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Jinan Municipal Central Hospital,College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the Physiological Laboratory of Taishan Medical University from December 2001 to June 2002.Sixty-three healthy male gerbils of Mongolian specimen were randomly assigned into sham group, IRI group and aspirin group with 21 in each group. And each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the time after IRI: 24 hours, 3 days and 7 days, with 7 gerbils for each.METHODS: The models of global brain IRI were established by bilateral carotid artery occlusion. Sham group: The unfolded bilateral carotid artery was not occluded; IRI group: The unfolded bilateral carotid artery was occluded by bulldog clamp for 7 minutes, and then the blood circulation was recovered by removing the clamp. Aspirin group: Before the operation,50 mg/kg enteric-coated aspirin was infused via gastric canal. And the same procedures as IRI group were performed. The gastric infusion of aspirin was given daily until the gerbils were executed at 24 hours, 3 days and 7 days after IRI for brain tissue examinations. The immunohistochemistry SABC method was applied to detect the changes of ICAM 1 and CGRP expressions as well as the influence of aspirin on the two.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of ICAM and CGRP in brain tissues.RESULTS: A total of 63 gerbils were involved in the result analysis.①Changes of ICAM expression: In IRI group, the expression of ICAM began to increase at 24 hours after IRI,enhanced remarkably at 3 days and maintained at high levels at 7 days,with the significant difference compared with sham group [IRI group: (3.36±2.26)%, (5.68±3.13)%, (4.98±2.10)%; Sham group: (1.53±1.07)%, (1.56±1.23)%, (1.62±1.33)%, P ＜ 0.05];However,the ICAM expression was significantly lower in aspirin group than in IRI group at different time points [(0.96±0.83)%, (2.76±2.10)%,(1.96±1.09)%, P ＜ 0.05].②Changes of CGRP expression: At the different time points after IRI,the CGRP expression was weakly positive in IRI group [(3.12±2.26)%, (2.68±2.04)%, (2.57±1.97)%], but strongly positive in aspirin group [(4.98±2.47)%, (5.97±2.35)%, (6.04±2.40)%].CONCLUSION: IRI can increase the ICAM 1 expression while inhibit the CGRP expression; Aspirin can make great impacts on brain protection by inhibiting ICAM 1 expression and reinforcing the CGRP expression.

Objective Current research proposed that lid-wiper epitheliopathy may be a early symptom of dry eye.At present,there are seldom studies on lid-wiper epitheliopathy in both home and abroad.This study was to investigate the effect of artificial tears without antiseptic in the treatment of lid-wiper epitheliopathy and discuss the method of treatment of lid-wiper epitheliopathy. MethodsThis is a case-observative study.Seventy patients with lid-wiper epitheliopathy and with negative results in tear film break-up test,SchirmerⅠtest and corneal fluorescine staining were enrolled in the Peking University First Hospital during September 2006 and June 2008.The treatment group included 54 eyes of 54 patients who received topically free-antiseptic artificial tears (dextran 70 eye drops) four times per day for two weeks,and the control group included 16 eyes from 16 patients who were not treated.Dry Eye Questionnaire were taken from the patients before the administration of drug and 2 weeks after treatment.Fluorescein and Lissamine green double-staining was used before and after treatment for the evaluation of lid-wiper epitheliopathy.The disease was graded into 0 (absence) to 3(severe),and the symptoms and dye were scored following the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (Korb criteria).Informed consent and good compliance were obtained before initial and during the therapy duration. ResultsIn the treatment group,the scores of symproms and staining were significantly different between before and after administration of drug (12.91±2.55 vs 2.78±2.27 in symptom,t=22.70,P＜0.05;1.79±0.78 vs 0.19±0.31 in dye,Z=-6.40,P＜0.05),indicating the symptoms and dye results were obviously improved after therapy.In the control group,no significant differences were found in the symptom score and dye score in the corresponding time period (12.63±2.60 vs 12.94±2.11,t=-1.10,P＞0.05 in symptom;1.97±0.74 vs 1.98±0.72,Z=-0.58,P＞0.05 in dye).According to the grade of disease,the magnitude of the staining after treatment was considerably improved in comparison with before treatment (Z_1=-3.47 for mild,Z_2=-4.04 for moderate,Z_3=-3.74 for severe),showing statistically significant differences between them (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe use of artificial tears is an efficacious treatment for treating lid wiper epitheliopathy.The topicaly utilization of artificial tears can alleviate the symptoms and pathological changes of lid wiper epitheliopathy.

BACKGROUND: Pedicle screw fixation is mainly used to treat thoracolumbar disorders, and accurate placement is the key to success; thereafter, how to improve the accuracy of placement and reduce the secondary nailing is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of various pedicle screw placement methods and their application value.METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for clinical research concerning the pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar disorders published before May 2016 using the keywords of pedicle screw fixation, free-hand technique,3D-printing technology, computer navigation technology, clinical application prospect in English and Chinese,respectively. The repetitive literatures were excluded, and the advanced pedicle screw technologies were collected and evaluated in views of feasibility, universality and practicability.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Computer-assisted navigation system and three-dimensional printing technology are the focus of research, but only applied in the treatment of pedicle congenital malformations or complicated cases. (2) Free-hand technique is still the most widely used, which is the essential skills that surgeons must master. (3) Traditional technology is still the mainstream in clinic, so improved preoperative planning, and individualized scheme are needed.

Objective To explore the expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ligand-related molecule-1A(TL1A) in mice with viral myocarditis(VM) and the role of astragaloside.Methods Fifty-five male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,model group,low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group.Mice in model group,low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group were inoculated with 0.1 mL coxsackie B3 virus intraperitoneally.Then,mice in low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group were treated with 10 g?L-1 and 90 g?L-1 astragaloside solution,respectively.Mice in control group and model group were treated with 0.1 mL carboxymethycellulose solution.All mice were killed on the 15thday.Histological cross sections of heart were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and myocardial histopathologic scores were counted under optical microscope.The expressions of myocardial TL1A mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.Results The mortality were 0,46.7%,40.0% and 13.3% in control group,model group,low-dose intervention group and high-dose intervention group,respectively.Compared with model group and low-dose intervention group,the mortality was significantly lower in high-dose intervention group(?2=9.46,8.95,Pa

Objective To investigate the relationship between occult pancreaticobiliary reflux (OPR) and biliary diseases.Methods Forty-four patients with primary biliary diseases was enrolled,and serum amylase level was determined,and the bile in common bile duct (CBD) was collected to measure the amylase level,then the △ amylase was calculated,which equals bile amylase level minus serum amylase level.OPR was confirmed if bile amylase level was higher than serum amylase level,otherwise it would be defined as the control group.Results Among the 44 patients with primary biliary diseases,the incidence of OPR was 72.7％ (n =32).The bile and serum amylase activity of patients with OPR were (1 513 ± 2 725),(44 ± 21)U/L;and they were (18 ± 14) and (38 ± 17) U/L in the control group.The bile amylase level in OPR group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in serum amylase activity between the two groups.The incidence of OPR in patients with CBD stones was 100％,and the bile amylase activity was (1 048 ± 1 317) IU/L,and the △ bile amylase activity was (996 ± 1 322) U/L;the incidence of OPR in patients with choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis was 75％,and the bile amylase activity was (2 457 ± 3 312),the △ amylase activity was (2 412 ± 3 320)IU/L;and the corresponding values in patients with gallbladder stones were 80％,(95 ± 82),(57 ± 76)IU/L;and the corresponding values in patients with bile duct cancer were 50％,(73 ± 51),(40 ± 37)U/L.Conclusions The occurrence of OPR is closely related to CBD stones only,CBD stones and gallbladder stones,and it may be one of the main pathogenic factors of bile duct stones.

A bacterial strain Eml isolated from contaminated soil of Shengli oil field was identified as Rhodococcus ruber according to its phenotype, physiological and chemical properties, and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. This strain could degrade various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as alkanes in petroleum, and produce bioemulsifier. The results indicated that strain Eml could produce bioemulsifier efficiently when n-hexadecane was used as sole carbon source. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of bioemulsifier were as followed: 10g/L of n-hexadecane, 1g/L of yeast extract, media initial pH 7, and cultivation was carried out at 30℃ on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm. Under these conditions the surface tension of culture decreased to the lowest value, around 30 mN/m, after 1 day, and the emulsifying capacity was 100% . The concentration of bioemulsifier reached to the highest value, around 68 times of CMC , after 5 days' cultivation. The results also showed that the bioemulsifier produced by this strain should be lipid.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of exercise training on bone histomorphometry of ovariectomized rats.Methods46 SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (group A), ovariectomized group (group B) , estrogen supplement group (group C) and exercise training group (group D). The rats of group A had a sham operation, while that of other groups was ovariectomized. 3 months after operation, the rats had been treated for 3 months. The rats of group C were given estradiol, and the rats of group D were trained by exercise. The tibia sections were studied by histomorphometric analysis.ResultsThe values of the trabeclar area, trabeclar area%, trabeclar perimeter and trabeclar number of group D were significantly higher than that of group B. The values of the trabeclar separation, osteoclast number/mm2 and osteoclast number/mm of group D were the least in all groups, which had been ovariectomized. The values of the labeled perimeter % mineral apposition rate, bone formation rate of group D were superior to that of all groups.ConclusionThe exercise training can increase bone mass of ovariectomized rats, which had double effects of promoting bone formation and restraining bone absorption.

Castleman Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Young Adult