Objective To explore the impact of childbirth on women external anal sphincter electromyography by analysis of motor unit potentials parameters of external anal sphincter electromyography of healthy women volunteers with different childbirth experiences.Methods Twenty-eight healthy volunteers with different childbirth experiences were recruited in this study.Among them , 7 had a history of cesarean and 21 had experienced 1-3 uncomplicated vaginal deliveries ( 12 women had experienced 1, 6 had experienced 2, and 3 had experienced 3).Another 9 nulliparous healthy volunteers were recruited as control group.Among all subjects who completed the examination , parameters of motor unit potentials ( duration, amplitude, area, mean number of turns and mean phases ) of bilateral external anal sphincter were obtained for statistical analysis.Results There were no significant differences in any of the parameters of motor unit potentials between the nulliparous group and the cesarean group , while parameters of durations (10.5 ms vs 9.0 ms, t=-2.506, P=0.019) and mean phases (4.0 vs 3.6, t =-2.707, P=0.012) of vaginal delivery group were significantly higher than that of cesarean group and parameter of durations ( 10.5 ms vs 8.9 ms, t =-3.025, P =0.005 ) of vaginal delivery group was significantly higher than that of the nulliparous group;With increasing numbers of vaginal deliveries , only the parameter of mean turns showed statistically significant differences , although there was a slight trend of larger and more complex motor unit potentials.Compared with subjects without vaginal delivery experience ( including nulliparous group and the cesarean group ) , the parameters of durations and mean phases of subjects with vaginal delivery experience were statistically higher; Nevertheless , parameter of bilateral duration of the motor unit potential preferred asymmetric.Conclusions Childbirth experience has an explicit impact on the parameters of the external anal sphincter motor unit potentials , which is considered to be strongly correlated with the vaginal delivery process rather than the pregnancy procession itself.In addition , the impact is mostly from the first vaginal delivery experience.The characters of asymmetry of motor unit potential parameters imply the possibility of mechanical damage and decrease blood perfusion of tissues during delivery procession.

Objective:To evaluate angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(AITL) completely, we gave in-depth investigation of histopathological features, specific immunochemical markers, antigen receptor gene rearrangements and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Methods: 15 cases of typical AITL displayed effacement of the normal lymph node architecture partially or completely, abundance of arborizing high endothelial vessels, infiltration of polymorphic cells and hyperplastic atypical T lymphocytes with or without clear cytoplasm. Clinical characteristics, histological manifestations, and immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD20, CD4,CD21, CXCL13, CD10, and BCL6 were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction for immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and T cell receptor ? (TCR?) rearrangements and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER-1) were performed.Results: Histologically, we found eight cases with regressed lymphoid follicles, six with absence of follicles and one with hyperplastic follicles with interfollicular lesions. We also found eight cases displaying aggregation of clear cells, four infiltration of large lymphoid cells, five abundant epithelioid histiocytes. CD20 staining showed hyperplasia of large B cells in four cases. CD21 expression exihibited extrafollicular expansion of follicular dendritic cell meshworks in 11 cases (73.3%), partially with a tendency of perivascular distribution. Positive rate for CXCL13 and CD10 are 73.3% and 6.7% respectively. Monoclonal rearrangements of TCR? were detected in 6/15 (40%) of cases, IgH rearrangements in 7/15 (46.7%), of which five were monoclonal, while two oligoclonal. 8 out of 15 cases (53.3%) contained EBV-positive cells. Among the four cases with large B cell proliferation, three were EBV-positive. Conclusion: AITL display great complexity and diversity clinicopathologically. Only when we recognize such diversity, can we reasonably apply and properly evaluate immunochemical markers and molecular techniques, and thus give a correct diagnosis.

Objective:To study the Xinjiang Kazakh,Han nationality patients with coronary heart disease apolipoprotein E gene promoter region rs405509 (G-T),rs449647 (A-T),rs7259620 (G-A) whether there exist differences in the two national distribution between loci polymorphism.Methods:201 cases were studied.DNA product was extracted by using the PheNol-chloroform method and the PCR outcome was purified.We take advantage of multiple single base extension reaction to make DNA Sequencing on The ABI3130XL.Results: The Kazak and Han patients in Xinjiang area in the apolipoprotein E gene promoter rs449647 ( A-T) was statistically significant differences in genotype and allele in two ethnic groups (P<0.05),rs405509 (G-T) loci and rs7259620 (G-A) genotype and alleles in two ethnic groups had no difference statistical significance ( P>0.05).Conclusion:Apolipoprotein E promoter rs449647 ( A-T ) genotype and allele polymorphism have significant differences between Han nationality and Kazak nationality in Xinjiang,others have no statistic difference between the two ethnic groups.

Objective To investigate the effects of siRNA mediated HMGA 1 silence on proliferation and the gene expression of HMGA1 ,α-SMA and E-cadherin in activated hepatic stellate cells and its mechanisms .Methods Synthetic HMGA1 siRNA was transfected into LX-2 cells to silence the HMGA1 gene .The expression level of HMGA1 ,α-SMA and E-cadherin was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot experiments .LX-2 cell proliferation was assessed by M TT assay .Results The best inhibited effect was HMGA1-siRNA-1 .Compared with control group ,the cell proliferation and the mRNA and protein expression of HMGA 1 ,α-SMA in TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1 + NC-siRNA group were significantly increased (P< 0 .05) ,without significant differences between the two groups (P> 0 .05) ,while the expression of E-cadherin in TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1 + NC-siRNA group were significantly decreased compared with control group (P< 0 .05) .Meanwhile ,the cells in TGF-β1 + HMGA1 siRNA group showed significantly decreased proliferation level ,down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of HMGA 1 ,α-SMA but up-regulated expression of E-cadherin compared with TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1 + NC-siRNA group(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion HMGA1 interference could signifi-cantly down-regulate the expression of HMGA1 in LX-2 cells cultured with TGF-β1 ,thus inhibiting the proliferation and activation of the cells .

Objective To investigate the clinical features and causes of micturition and defecation dysfunction in motor neuron disease (MND) patients.Methods The micturition and defecation function was evaluated by a questionnaire covering storage and voiding of urine and feces respectively in 50 MND patients.The clinical features and external anal sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) were analyzed to explore the causes of micturition and defecation dysfunction in MND patients.Results Micturition and defecation dysfunction was detected in 9 of 50 (18.0％) MND patients.The main types of micturition and defecation dysfunction were constipation (4/9),urinary frequency,urgency with or without incontinence,fecal urgency (4/9),powerlessness for micturition and defecation (2/9),hesitancy for micturition (1/9).EAS-EMG was normal in 9 MND patients accompanied with micturition and defecation dysfunction.Conclusions MND patients accompanied with micturition and defecation dysfunction were not very rare.Constipation,urgency and powerlessness were the main types of micturition and defecation dysfunction and they were not related to the function of external anal sphincter.Gastrointestinal dysfunction from abnormal autonomic nerve involvement,muscle weakness and the resulted reduced activity,severe upper motor neuron damage and respiratory muscle weakness may be the main causes of micturition and defecation dysfunction in MND patients.

Objective To evaluate emergency nursing methods to permanent pacemaker patients with severe complication and acute hemodynamic changes during implantation. Methods The emergency nursing methods were analyzed retrospectively in 9 of 2 027 patients over 6 years, who had serious complication occurred during the pacemaker implantation Results There were 4 patients with pneumothorax, 2 with pericardial tamponed, 1 with ventricular fibrillation and 2 with acute left ventricular failure in 9 patients (0.4%). Observed the changes of symptoms and signs carefully,found the severe complications at the first time and performed the specific nursing based on different kinds of conditions and improved the prognosis of these patients. Conclusions The serious complications during the implantation of permanent pacemaker were life-threatening, and the specific nursing scheme to different types of complications could increase the successful rate of emergency service.

The degradation of nitrobenzene(NB) using a combination of Fe0 and anaerobic microorganism was studied. Nitrobenzene could be degraded effectively and the synergistic effect between Fe0 and anaerobic microorganism was apparent,and the nitrobenzene removal efficiency increased with the increasing of Fe0;the optimum pH was 5.0～6.0;as cometabolizing substrate,glucose could promote the degradation of nitrobenzene;In case of high concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+,the anaerobic biodegradation activity of nitrobenzene were inhibited in a certain degree;0.5 mg/L Fe2+ and Fe3+ were the optimum to accelerate biodegradation rate of nitrobenzene; the degradation kinetics of nitrobenzene were followed by first-order reaction, reaction rate constant reduced along with the concentration of nitrobenzene increased.

Objective To learn the present efficiency of medical equipments at public hospitals in Liaoning province, and provide scientific basis for rational distribution of such resources, and for control of medical expenses.Methods Data envelop analysis (DEA) was used to appraise the deployment efficiency of 2 784 such equipments worth over 100 000 yuan per unit, with equipments randomly sampled from 31 public hospitals in the province.Results The equipment deployment at public hospitals in Liaoning was found at a low level.9.7% of the hospitals were found as relatively efficient, 3.2% of them as in relatively weak efficiency, while 87.1% of them relatively inefficient.Gaps were found between urban hospitals and tertiary hospitals, and rural hospitals and secondary hospitals in their deployment efficiency, as evidenced in overinvestment of equipments and insufficiency of competent operators.Conclusions Hospitals should strengthen their scientific management of the equipments, and emphasize human resource investment, thus elevating the efficiency of equipment deployment.

BACKGROUND:With the continuous development of nanotechnology, a growing number of nanotechnologies have been used in the field of biological medicine, providing a great deal of interest for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. OBJECTIVE:To review the research situation of nanobiomaterials and its application in biological medicine. METHODS: The articles about nanobiomaterials and nano bioceramic materials were retrieved from Chinese Journal Ful-text Database, PubMed and Wanfang database published during January 2000 to October 2014 by the first author using computer. Key words were “nano, bioceramics” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of nanotechnology, some nanotechnologies have entered the stage of practical application. Application of nanotechnology plays a preventive effect to the occurrence and development of disease. Nano-ceramic significantly increases the strength, toughness and superplasticity of materials, overcomes many deficiencies of biological ceramics, and has been widely used in the field of orthopedics, such as artificial joints, artificial bones, bone filing material, bone replacement materials, artificial vertebrae and so on.

Through protein-protein BLAST of homologous sequences in different species in NCBI database and preliminary simulating molecular docking and molecular dynamics by computer software discovery studio 3.1, three amino acids R25K26K27 of natural human parathyroid hormone (1-34) with Q25E26L27 were mutated and the biological activity of the mutant peptide was evaluated. Result showed that: root mean superposition deviation RMSD value between PTH (1-34)-(RKK-QEL) and PTH (1-34) peptide main chain was 2.509 3, indicating that the differences between the two main chain structural conformation was relatively small; the interaction energy between PTH (1-34)-(RKK-QEL) and its receptor protein PTH1R had been enhanced by 7.5% compared to nature PTH (1-34), from -554.083 kcal x mol(-1) to -599.253 kcal x mol(-1); the number of hydrogen bonds was increased from 32 to 38; PTH (1-34)-(RKK-QEL) can significantly stimulate the RANKL gene expression (P < 0.01) while inhibiting the OPG gene expression (P < 0.01) in UAMS-32P cells; in the co-culture system of UAMS-32P cells and mouse primary femur bone marrow cells, PTH (1-34)-(RKK-QEL) stimulated the formation of osteoclasts (P < 0.01) and had a higher biological activity than PTH (1-34) standard reagents.