Objective To investigate the clinical significance of homocysteine(Hcy) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with diabetic retinopathy.Methods From March 2013 to February 2015,a total of 168 patients with diabetes from Beijing Jishuitern Hospital were divided into diabetic retinopathy group (76 cases,32 male,44 female,average age 62.97 ± 12.46) and non-diabetic retinopathy group (92 cases,46male,46 female,average age 58.14 ± 13.71),and 65 cases of healthy subjects (46male,46 female,average age 60.24 ± 10.85) were enrolled as normal control group as well.Hcy and HbA1c were detected in all groups.Multiple independent samples nonparametric tests were used to compare the difference between groups.The concentrations of Hcy and HbA1c between DR group and NDR group were analysised by ROC curve analysis.Result The Hcy levels in normal control group,NDR group and DR group were 7.00 (4.55-10.50) μmol/L,12.45 (10.30-15.10) μmol/L,20.10 (16.63-25.68) μmol/L respectively.The HbA1c levels in normal control group,NDR group and DR group were 5.30 (5.00-5.70) ％,6.80 (5.83-8.03) ％,7.25 (6.50-8.60) ％ respectively.There was no significant difference in Hay and HbA1c levels between groups (P ＜ 0.01);Compared with non-diabetic retinopathy group,levels of Hcy,HbA1c in diabetic retinopathy group were obviously higher;The optimal diagnostic cut-off values of Hcy was 14.35 μmol/L,at this cut-off value,the sensitivity was 96.05％,specificity was 68.48％;The optimal diagnostic cut-off values of HbA1c was 6.05％,at this cut-off value,the sensitivity was 98.68％,specificity was31.25％.Conclusion Patients with Diabetic retinopathy might have hyperhomocystinemia,and detection of Hcy may contribute to the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy.

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated encephalitis is a kind of autoimmune encephalitis mediated by anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, which belongs to anti-neuronal intracellular synaptic protein antibody-associated encephalitis. Clinical manifestations include stiff-person syndrome, cerebellar ataxia, limbic encephalitis, seizures, etc., often associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, rarely associated with tumors. Detection of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody is crucial for clinical diagnosis. Immunotherapy helps to relieve symptoms and improve prognosis. The incidence of this disease is low, and there are few reports at home and abroad. This paper intends to review the research on this encephalitis, hoping to improve the clinicians′ understanding and the level of diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

The chemical constituents from Euphorbia lunulata was investigated in this paper. Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatographies on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and NMR data analysis as lupeol (1), euphol (2), cassipourol(3) , 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta-ol (4), 24-hydroperoxycycloart-25-en-3beta-ol (5), 25-hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (6), betulin (7), uvaol (8), (23E) -25-methoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (9), (23E) -cycloart-23,25-dien-3beta-ol (10), 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta, 28-diol (11), salicinolide (12), 2alpha, 3beta, 5alpha, 9alpha, 15beta-pentaacetoxy-11,12-epoxy-7beta, 8alpha-diisobutyryloxyjatropha-6 (17) -en-14-one (13) and 3beta, 5alpha, 15beta-triacetoxy-7beta-isobutyryloxy-9alpha-nicotinoyloxyjatropha-6 (17), 11(E)-dien-14-one (14). Among them, compounds 1-11 were isolated from E. lunulata for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Stereoisomerism

Objective To study the daily physical activity patterns of pupils in Beijing, and to identify the association between the socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activities. Methods 1502 pupils were recruited from 2-5 grades of eight primary schools in Beijing. Information on physical activity, sedentary activity, and transportation styles inside and outside schools were collected using a "7-day physical activity questionnaire". Results Gymnastics, running, playing games, walking in queues etc. Were the most common activities at school, with the proportion as 94.13%, 85.55%, 77.26%, and 71.32% respectively. Physical labor, playing games, running and walking were the common activities outside schools, with the proportion as 72.14%, 69.70%,65.05%, and 64.64% respectively. However, pupils seldom participated in the ball games. Significant differences between SES groups were observed on the patterns of both physical and sedentary activities. Compared to low-SES pupils, high-SES pupils more frequently participated in dancing, walking upstairs or downstairs, swimming, skating, but less frequently (P＜0.05) in walking, rope skipping, kicking shuttlecock or rubber band skipping. Conclusion Data from our study showed that both the quantity and the distribution of different activities did not meet the need of the Chinese children. Physical activity in association with SES was also demonstrated.

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effects of blueberry against rat immune hepatic fibrosis, specifically through the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1.

METHODFifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five study groups (n = 10 each): Group A: normal control group, Group B: hepatic fibrosis model group, Group C: preventive group administered blueberry juice, Group D: preventive group administered Fu-Fang-Bie-Jia-Ruan-Gan tablet, and Group E: preventive group administered a combination of blueberry juice and Fu-Fang-Bie-Jia-Ruan-Gan tablet. The hepatic fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of porcine serum once daily for 12 weeks. Simultaneously, rats in preventive groups (Groups C-E) were perfused with blueberry juice or Fu-Fang-Bie-Jia-Ruan-Gan tablet or combinations of blueberry juice and Fu-Fang-Bie-Jia-Ruan-Gan tablet, respectively, for 12 weeks. The normal control group was perfused with saline for 12 weeks. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the 12 weeks, and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in liver homogenates were determined. Pathology of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Expression of CYP2E1 was detected by real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemical techniques, and Western blotting.

RESULTSSerum ALT levels were not significantly different in the control and treatment groups (F=4.056, P more than 0.05): A: 37.87+/-4.53 U/L, B: 49.23+/-9.81 U/L, C: 39.94+/-6.32 U/L, D: 40.50+/-5.70 U/L, and E: 38.24+/-8.43 U/L. Compared with Group B, the pathological stages of hepatic fibrosis were significantly reduced in the prevention groups (C-E) (F=95.097, P less than 0.05). Hyp and MDA in liver homogenates of groups C-E were significantly lower than those of Group B (Hyp: C: 472.68+/-44.14 mug/g, D: 416.12+/-39.38 mug/g, E: 429.51+/-55.14 mug/g vs. B: 603.16+/-68.92 mug/g, F=39.315, P less than 0.05; MDA: C: 0.83+/-0.06 nmol/mg, D: 0.96+/-0.08 nmol/mg, E: 0.85+/-0.06 nmol/mg vs. B: 1.24+/-0.15 nmol/mg, F=46.376, P less than 0.05). In contrast, SOD activities in Group C-E were significantly higher than those in Group B (C: 2.47+/-0.38 U/mg, D: 1.95+/-0.45 U/mg, E: 2.16+/-0.23 U/mg vs. B: 1.56+/-0.41 U/mg, F=25.557, P less than 0.05). Compared with Group A, the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP2E1 were increased in groups B-E, however the differences did not reach statistical significance (mRNA: F=0.897, protein: F=0.492, both P more than 0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of CYP2E1 in groups C-E were lower than those of Group B, however the differences did not reach statistical significance (mRNA: F=0.897, protein: F=0.492, P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBlueberry exhibits certain protective effects against porcine serum-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. The expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 in rats with immune hepatic fibrosis is not significantly different from the normal rats. Blueberry has no effect on the expression of hepatic cytochrome P4502E1.

Animals ; Blueberry Plants ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fruit ; Immune System Diseases ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To explore the clinical feature and gene mutation in steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency (SRD5A2). Method The clinical data of SRD5A2 in a child with vulva abnormality as the first manifestation was retrospectively analyzed. Results This was a 29-month-old child, whose social gender was female. The level of her basic luteinizing hormone (LH) was 0.07 mIU/mL, and follicle-stimulating hormone was (FSH) 0.39 mIU/mL. The baseline levels of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and androstendione (A2) were 0.06 ng/mL, 19.67 pg/mL, 1.20 ng/mL, and 0.07 ng/mL respectively. Those levels were 3.65 ng/mL, 68.25 pg/mL, 51.72 ng/mL, and 14.70 ng/mL respectively after Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation. The levels of her anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) was 22.97 ng/mL, and inhibin B (INH-B) was 274.4 pg/mL. The uterus and ovaries were not detected by Pelvic ultrasound and MRI. The chromosome showed 46, XY. Sex determination (SRY) gene detection showed normal. Androgen receptor (AR) gene detection showed negative. There was pathogenic mutation of 5α-reductase 2 (SRD5A2) gene in peripheral blood of the child and her parents. The penis grows 2 cm after 4 months of treatment with 2.5% DHT gel. Conclusion SRD5A2 is diagnosed mainly based on the increase of T/DHT after HCG stimulation experiment and it can be confirmed by detection of pathogenic SRD5A2 mutation.

Objective To evaluate the potential utility of PⅢpeptide in anti peritoneum metastasis in gastric carcinoma cells with high peritoneal metastasis potential(GC9811 P).Methods The adhesion and invasion inhibitory effects of PⅢpeptide on GC9811-P cells were detected by in vitro matrix adhe- sion and cell invasion experiments.By using nude mice metastatic model of human gastric cancer,the effects of PⅢpeptide on peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer GC9811 P were evaluated.Mice were randomly divided into the experimental(GC9811-P+peptide PⅢgroup)and control groups(GC9811-P +0.9% NaCl solution group),12 mice in each group.At the exhaustion time after inoculation,mice were sacrificed to observe the incidence of peritoneal metastasis,the number of the metastasis foci and the volume of primary tumor.Results Two hours after 40?g PⅢpeptide incubation,the adhesion in hibitory rate reached 86.30%.The adhesion inhibitory effects were in a time dependent manner.The in- vasion inhibitory effects became apparent(81.4%)48 hours after PⅢpeptide insult.After the GC9811- P cells were orthotopic implanted in nude mice and treated with PⅢpeptide,the number of peritoneal metastatic nodes were significantly reduced as compared with control group(3.2?6.5 vs.26.3?5.2) ( P＜0.01).But the mass of primary tumor were (1.9?1.2) g in PⅢpeptide treated group and (2.1?1.0) g in the control group,no difference was noted between two groups(P＞0 05 ).Conclusion PⅢpeptide can markedly inhibit the adhesion,invasion and peritoneal metastasis of gastric carcinoma cell line GC29811-P with high peritoneal metastasis potential

ghest. Conclusion In general, both the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Chinese minority students were comparatively low. However, in some minority groups the prevalence had already become higher, which demands early prevention.

myopia rates in 2005 were 29.5%, 39.1%, 10.1%, 42.6%, 41.1%, for boys and 45.4%, 50.0%, 15.4%, 49.7%, 46.7% for girls. Conclusion In order to improve the health of students in minority regions, we need to promote health education at schools.

Objective To study the changes of physical functions among minority students in China from 1985 to 2005, to provide evidence for health promotion to the minority students in the country. Methods Using data from the Chinese national survey on students physical fitness and health from 1985 to 2005, we analyzed the physical functions of 15 minority groups from primary and secondary schools, including Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang, Korean, Tibetan, Yao, Li, Qiang, Buyi, Dong, Miao, Tu, Salar, Kirgiz, aged 7-18 years old. Results Some of the minority students had the higher levels of physiological functions and athletic ability, but some indicators decreased significantly. In terms of items related to 'speed' , most of the minority boys and girls improved, but items related to 'endurance' or 'vital capacity', were significantly declining. Part of the minority students bad better 'endurance' than students of Hart ethnicity in the cities. All the indicators of athletic ability declined in schoolboys and schoolgirls of Korean ethnicity. Kirgiz students were outstanding in vital capacity and speed quality while Uighur students had better physical development and vital capacity, but were poorer in running and jumping, reflecting the weakness of explosive power of lower limbs. On the contrary, Li and Zhuang students had shown a very good quality in running, jumping, male shoulder muscular strength and endurance items, etc. Conclusion The physical functions and the athletic ability of the minority students in China had the advantages and characteristics, which might be related to their living environment and habits.