Objective To observe the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in pancreas, and discuss its significance. Methods The pancreatic fibrosis model was induced by high fat diets. The rats were sacrificed 16 weeks later, and the pancreatic tissue was harvested for routine pathologic examinations. Pancreatic collagen fibrosis I was determined by HE and Sirius red staining;α-SMA and CTGF expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results After pancreatic fibrosis, pancreatic lobules and acinar atrophy was observed, lobules gap was widened, interstitial fibrous tissue was significantly proliferated, the synthesis of pancreatic collagen fibrosis I was significantly increased when compared with normal pancreas ( 1500.2 + 255.8 vs. 57.4 ± 23.2, P ＜ 0. 01 ), the expression of α-SMA was significantly increased when compared with normal pancreas( 1500.2 + 255.8 vs. 57.4 + 23.2, P ＜ 0. 01 ), and the expression of CTGF was significantly increased when compared with normal pancreas (2950.5 ± 431.9 vs. 382.2 + 190.8, P ＜0.01 ), and there were abundant activated PSCs. Conclusions CTGF participated in the regulation of pancreatic fibrosis development; the function of CTGF was closely related to PSCs activation.

The degranulation of mast cells represents a pivotal e-vent in the allergic disorders.The Src family kinases(SFKs)are as a starting signal in the activation of mast cell.Lyn,Fyn and Syk play important regulatory role in the degranulation of mast cells.Regulating SFKs can reduce the degranlation process and inhibit the allergic disorders.Therefore,SFKs inhibitors can be potential drugs in the allergy.It is necessary to study the targeted medicine of SFKs,which will be a new direction of drug develop-ment.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of overseas imported malaria reported in Chongqing City from 2011 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for improving the imported malaria control strategies. Methods The epi-demiological data of overseas imported malaria cases were collected and analyzed descriptively for the species,original coun-tries,diagnosis and treatment in Chongqing City from 2011 to 2015. Results A total of 148 overseas imported malaria cases were reported in Chongqing City from 2011 to 2015,in which 96(65.54%)cases were falciparum malaria,and 37(24.32%) cases were vivax malaria;125(84.46%)cases were infected in Africa,and the rest of 23(15.54%)cases were infected in Southeast Asia. Most of the patients were 30 to 50 years old male workmen,and the ratio of male to female was 11.42:1. There was no obvious seasonal distribution among the reported timelines of the cases;however,there were two small peaks from June to August and from January to February. The median interval time of imported malaria cases from malaria onset to see a doctor was 1 day and from seeing the doctor to get malaria diagnosis was 2 days. The patients'first selected institutions were county medical institutions(50 cases,33.78%),then provincial medical institutions(36 cases,24.325%)and private doctors(20 cases,13.51%),and only 79(53.38%)patients got malaria diagnoses in their first selected institutions. The standard treatment were provided to 142(95.54%)cases. There were 43(29.05%)patients had serious complications and three patients were dead. Conclusion It is very important to enhance the multi-sector's collaboration to establish the collaborative investigation mechanism for screening malaria patients,and strengthen malaria health education for overseas workers and training courses in primary care medical institutions.

Objective To evaluate emergency nursing methods to permanent pacemaker patients with severe complication and acute hemodynamic changes during implantation. Methods The emergency nursing methods were analyzed retrospectively in 9 of 2 027 patients over 6 years, who had serious complication occurred during the pacemaker implantation Results There were 4 patients with pneumothorax, 2 with pericardial tamponed, 1 with ventricular fibrillation and 2 with acute left ventricular failure in 9 patients (0.4%). Observed the changes of symptoms and signs carefully,found the severe complications at the first time and performed the specific nursing based on different kinds of conditions and improved the prognosis of these patients. Conclusions The serious complications during the implantation of permanent pacemaker were life-threatening, and the specific nursing scheme to different types of complications could increase the successful rate of emergency service.

ObjectiveTo explore the sensitivity of cancer stem cells to chemotherapy in human pancreatic carcinoma.MethodsPANC-1 ceils were cultured in an incubator filled with 5％ CO2 at a temperature of 37℃,and were labeled with Hoechst 33342.The SP analysis and sorting were performed using a FACSVantage SE.RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of human CD133 ABCG2 and Notch1.SP and non-SP cells from the PANC-1 cell line were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 1,10,or 100 μg/ml) or gemcitabine (10,100,or 1000μg/ml),and the cell viability was determined using the MTT assay.The sensitivity of sorted tumor cells to chemotherapeutics was determined in NOD/SCID mice model.ResultsSP cells were found to have higher drug-resistance both in vivo and in vitro and higher levels of mRNA expression for CD133,ABCG2 and Notch1,when compared to non-SP ceils.The xenografted tumors derived from injected SP cells and treated with gemcitabine had more CD133± cells than the untreated group.ConclusionsThe SP of PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells are enriched with highly gemcitabine-resistant CSCs and determine the carcinogenesis of the PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells.

Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia of the orbicularis oculi muscles, producing excessive eye closure. The etiology and pathogenesis is still unclear now. lt is usually appearing in adult period and predominant in females. The symptoms are typically triggered by stress, fatigue, intense light or individual factors. At advanced stages patients develop functional blindness. At present the main treatments include: botulinum toxin ( BTX ) , surgical procedures, systemic and ocular drugs and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. BTX administration has been an effective treatment. Surgical procedures have good effect but should be limited to the rare patients that do not respond to botulinum toxin treatment. A great variety of drugs have poor results. Chinese medicine has a certain therapeutic effect. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve symptoms. The epidemiology, anatomy, physiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment system were reviewed in this paper.

AlM: To investigate the relationship between the subfoveal choroidal thickness ( SFCT) and both choroidal hemodynamic index and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic subjects.METHODS:Seventy-eight type 2 diabetic patients (156 eyes) from ophthalmology and endocrinology ward of our hospital were enrolled in this study, including 39 females and 39 males, with a mean age of (59. 8±6. 2)years. According to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study ( ETDRS) grading method, all samples were divided into diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) group, mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group, severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR) group and proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR ) group. The SFCT and choroidal hemodynamic index were measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography ( EDl-OCT ) and Color Doppler lmaging. Recording glycosylated hemoglobin content of all samples. Using multivariate linear regression to analyse the relationship between the SFCT and both choroidal hemodynamic index and glycosylated hemoglobin.RESULTS: The end diastolic velocity ( EDV ) was significant higher and the SFCT was significant thinner in no diabetic retinopathy ( NDR) group than other groups. There was no significant difference of peak systolic velocity ( PSV ) between four groups. The resistance index ( Rl) was significant higher in severe NPDR group than NDR group and mild or moderate group, the Rl in PDR group was hihgest than other group with statistically significance. The SFCT was correlated positively ( b =0. 540,P<0. 001) with the glycosylated hemoglobin. No significant correlation was found between the SFCT and the choroidal hemodynamic index (DR,P=0. 341;PSV,P=0. 770;EDV,P=0. 131;Rl,P=0. 084).CONCLUSlON: Our results suggest that there is no significant correlations between the SFCT and the choroidal hemodynamic index; glycosylated hemoglobin is one of the factors that affect the SFCT in diabetic patients.

Objective To master the epidemic prevalence and the risk factors of brucellosis in animals and human,and to provide a basis for making prevention strategies and measures to brucellosis in Chongqing Municipality.Methods Qijiang and Wansheng district of Chongqing Munipality were selected as investigation points.Feeding status of goats in feedlots was investigated,and blood samples of goats were collected for laboratory testing.Epidemiological survey in employees on feedlots,family members closely exposed with goats,and other focus groups such as stockbreeding and veterinary was conducted,and blood samples was collected for laboratory testing according to the principle of informed consent.Clinical features of infested persons were investigated.Blood samples were screened by plate agglutination test (RBPT) and tube agglutination test (SAT).Results A total of 582 households in the two districts were investigated.The number of positive households was 40 households.The positive rate of the households was 6.87％.A total of 20 105 goat blood samples were tested.Of them,989 blood samples tested positive.The positive rate was 4.92％.A total of 337 blood samples of the risk population from 22 towns of the two districts were tested.Of them,45 samples were positive,and the positive rate was 13.35％.Eleven people were active patients of brucellosis.The epidemic sites were distributed in 16 towns,which accounted for 73.73％.The difference of the positive rates between the two districts was not significant (x2 =0.37,P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of brucellosis among male and female was 11.57％ (28/242) and 17.89％ (17/95),respectively.The age of brucellosis infection distributed from 2 years old to 83 years old.One preschool child and 3 students were identified positive.The positive rate of brucellosis among feeder was the highest,which accounted for 31.75％ (40/125).The difference of positive rate of brucellosis among different professions was significant (x2 =63.40,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is not a brucellosis case among animals or people reported in Chongqing non epidemic areas of brucellosis,but there are lots of infection.Surveillance and prevention of brucellosis should be strengthened in Chongqing.

Objective To observe the influence on the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 to gemcitabine of silencing PAUF gene.Methods BxPC-3 cells,which overexpress PAUF,was stably transfected with PAUF-shCtrl and PAUF-shRNA to establish BxPC-3_shCtrl and BxPC-3_shPAUF cells as control and experiment group.Then the mRNA and protein expression level of PAUF in these two cell lines were detected by RT-PCR and western blot,respectively.The growth inhibition rates of these two cell lines treated with different concentrations of gemcitabine (0,3.1,6.25,12.5,25,50,100,200 nmol/L) were detected by MTT.Apoptosis rates in the cells treated with different concentrations of gemcitabine (0,75,100 nmol/L) were then observed by flow cytometry.Results The relative PAUF mRNA expression level in BxPC-3_shCtrl and BxPC-3 cells were 1.00 ± 0.06 and 0.83 ± 0.07,which were significantly high er than that in BxPC-3_shPAUF cells (0.25 ± 0.02;both P ＜ 0.05).The relative PAUF protein expression level in BxPC-3_shCtrl and BxPC-3 cells were 0.89 ± 0.07 and 0.95 ± 0.04,which were significantly high er than that in BxPC-3_shPAUF cells (0.31 ± 0.03;both P ＜ 0.05).The IC50 value of gemcitabine to BxPC-3_shCtrl cell was (22.88 ± 2.43) nmol/L,which was significantly higher than that of BxPC-3_shPAUF cells [(1.06 ± 0.02) nmol/L;P ＜ 0.05];apoptosis rate of BxPC-3_shPAUF cells treated by gemcitabine increased faster than that of BxPC-3_shCtrl cells.Conclusion PAUF silencing could greatly enhance the sensitivity of BxPC-3 cells to gemcitabine.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the cerebral cortex of rat with chronic fluorosis,and to reveal the mechanisms of damaged nervous system resulted from the toxicity of fluoride.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups.The rats in each group were given drinking water containing different levels of fluoride:control group less than 0.5 mg/L,small amount of fluoride exposure group 10.0 mg/L and large amount of fluoride exposure group 50.0 mg/L.The animals were examined at the sixth month after initiating the experiment.Protein levels of P-gp and NF-κB in brain tissues were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting,and the P-gp protein and mRNA level by quantitative real time PCR method.Results As compared to the control group(28.21 ±6.13),the numbers of positive staining cells by P-gp antibody in the cortex of rat brains were significantly increased in both the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups[(48.46 ± 8.00),(53.72 ± 9.15),respectively,all P ＜ 0.05] ; the protein levels in the control group(100.00 ± 3.86)％ detected by Western blotting were significantly increased in the cortex of rat brains treated with fluoride in both the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups[(189.47 ± 3.14)％,(191.36 ± 11.09)％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].The significantly increased expression of NF-κB at the protein level was observed in the cortex of rat brains of the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups[(365.97 ± 6.04)％ and (417.15 ± 10.89)％,respectively] as compared with the control group[(100.00 ± 10.07)％,all P ＜ 0.05].The mRMA level of P-gp in the cortex of rat brains of the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups(2396 ± 427,3479 ± 371,respectively) were higher than that of the control group(260 ± 106,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The increased expressions of P-gp and NF-κB in the cortex of rat brains are induced by chronic fluorosis,which might be connected with the mechanism of brain damages.