Objective To assess the patient effective dose during SPECT/CT imaging.Methods A total of 157 patients (85 males,72 females;mean age:(60.46±13.44) years,range:24-88 years) who underwent SPECT/CT from April 2013 to September 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into 3 groups:99Tcm-MDP bone scan group (n=113),99Tcm-MIBI parathyroid imaging group (n=23) and 99Tcm-MAA pulmonary perfusion imaging group (n=21).The injection dose (MBq) was recorded and the effective dose (mSv) was estimated according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) guideline.The volume-weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) of CT were also recorded and the effective dose (mSv) due to CT was calculated.The effective doses among different groups were statistically compared by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results The effective dose from radiopharmaceuticals were (4.02±0.35) mSv for 99Tcm-MDP bone scan,(6.13±0.53) mSv for 99Tcm-MIBI parathyroid imaging and (1.66±0.13) mSv for 99Tcm-MAA pulmonary perfusion imaging (x2=96.853;Z =7.533,7.262 and 5.676;all P＜ 0.05).The effective dose due to CT were (3.84±1.98),(1.04±0.19),(4.05±0.47) mSv respectively (x2 =41.225,P＜0.05),and there were significant differences between 99Tcm-MIBI parathyroid imaging group and 99Tcm-MDP bone scan group,99Tcm-MAA pulmonary perfusion imaging group(Z=6.046 and 5.672,both P＜0.05).The total effective dose during SPECT/CT imaging were (7.86± 1.98),(7.21±0.81) and (5.71±0.45) mSv (x2 =28.988,P＜ 0.05).There were significant differences between 99Tcm-MAA pulmonary perfusion imaging group and 99Tcm-MDP bone scan group,99Tcm-MIBI parathyroid imaging group(Z=4.967 and 4.994,both P＜0.05).Conclusions The increase in effective dose due to spiral CT during SPECT/CT examination should be concerned.Appropriate utilization and optimization of SPECT/CT is needed.

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Objective To investigate clinical features, outcomes and laboratory findings of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).Methods Patients with TTP admitted between April 2006 and January 2013 were identified by a retrospective review of records.Totally 21 patients were available,15 females and 6 males,with a median age of 46 years (ranged 18-66).The diagnostic criteria were defined by:(1)thrombocytopenia (<100 ×9 L-1)without other identifiable causes;(2)a negative Coombs'test and hemolytic anemia with schistocytes on the peripheral blood smear;and only those patients meeting the criteria for TTP,both on clinical presentation and their clinical course,were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were:(1)patients discharged or dead within 24 hours after admission;(2)patients treated with plasma exchange therapy in other hospitals;(3)medical data were incomplete;(4)cannot be followed up;and (5 )other causes of thrombotic microangiopathies.General condition of patients,etiology, clinical features,treatment and prognosis were analyzed by using the SPSS 20.0 software.P value of <0.05 was considered as significant.Results Hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia appeared in all of the patients. Twelve patients (57.2%) had the classical pentad manifestations of TTP (fever, thrombocytopenia,microangiopathic hemolytic anemia,symptoms of nervous system,renal injury),seven patients (33.3%)had tetrad of TTP clinical manifestations (thrombocytopenia,microangiopathic hemolytic anemia,symptoms of nervous system,fever or renal injury),and only two patients showed the triad manifestations of TTP (thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, symptoms of nervous system).In our studies,seven patients accepted plasmapheresis,and five of them (71.4%)achieved remission.Conclusions TTP progresses quickly.Plasmapheresis is still the treatment of choice for TTP patients.Etiological treatment can help to control the conditions of patients with TTP.

Objective To explore the risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients with acute poisoning by analysis of clinical data of 356 patients in order to provide the scientific evidence for planning therapeutic strategies in ICU.Methods The clinical data of 356 patients with acute poisoning were collected during the period from January 1,2005 through December 30,2009,and the clinical findings from close observation were filled into the tables of specially designed “ Clinical observation of acute poisoning patients”.Some risk factors of 356 cases with complete clinical data were studied by single-factor analysis and Logistic multiple regression,such as gender,age,mode and cause of poisoning,kind of poison agents,time elapsed from poisoning to admission into the hospital,time elapsed from poisoning to admission into ICU,length of hospital stay,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,mechanical ventilation,APACHE Ⅱ score.Results Three hundred fifty-six patients with complete data were divided into survival group (n =260) and death group (n =96).Univariate analysis showed the length of hospital stay (5.72 ± 4.37) d,APACHE Ⅱ score (10.27 ±7.77),time elapsed from poisoning to admission into ICU (17.16 ± 31.22)h in the survival group,and the length of hospital stay (3.53 ± 5.79) d,APACHE Ⅱ score (18.78 ±8.66),time elapsed from poisoning to admission into the ICU (37.21 ±67.35) h in the death group (P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).The differences in rates of CPR,mechanical ventilation and kind of poison agents between the two groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the length of hospital stay,APACHE Ⅱ score,rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation,mechanical ventilation and kind of poison agents were positively correlated with prognosis of patients with acute poisoning (P ＜ 0.05).Model to predict mortality was established:Y =-0.817-0.137X1 +0.140X3 + 2.133X4 + 1.039X5-0.291X6.Conclusions Hospital stay,APACHE Ⅱ score,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,mechanical ventilation and kind of poison agents were independent risk factors for predicting prognosis.APACHE Ⅱ score system and Logistic regression analysis can be used to evaluate the severity and prognosis of patients with acute poisoning.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the cerebral cortex of rat with chronic fluorosis,and to reveal the mechanisms of damaged nervous system resulted from the toxicity of fluoride.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups.The rats in each group were given drinking water containing different levels of fluoride:control group less than 0.5 mg/L,small amount of fluoride exposure group 10.0 mg/L and large amount of fluoride exposure group 50.0 mg/L.The animals were examined at the sixth month after initiating the experiment.Protein levels of P-gp and NF-κB in brain tissues were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting,and the P-gp protein and mRNA level by quantitative real time PCR method.Results As compared to the control group(28.21 ±6.13),the numbers of positive staining cells by P-gp antibody in the cortex of rat brains were significantly increased in both the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups[(48.46 ± 8.00),(53.72 ± 9.15),respectively,all P ＜ 0.05] ; the protein levels in the control group(100.00 ± 3.86)％ detected by Western blotting were significantly increased in the cortex of rat brains treated with fluoride in both the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups[(189.47 ± 3.14)％,(191.36 ± 11.09)％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].The significantly increased expression of NF-κB at the protein level was observed in the cortex of rat brains of the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups[(365.97 ± 6.04)％ and (417.15 ± 10.89)％,respectively] as compared with the control group[(100.00 ± 10.07)％,all P ＜ 0.05].The mRMA level of P-gp in the cortex of rat brains of the small and the large amount of fluoride exposure groups(2396 ± 427,3479 ± 371,respectively) were higher than that of the control group(260 ± 106,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The increased expressions of P-gp and NF-κB in the cortex of rat brains are induced by chronic fluorosis,which might be connected with the mechanism of brain damages.

Objective To observe the expression of mitochondrial fission protein locus Fis1 and ultrastructural changes in the renal cells of rats with chronic fluorosis,and to reveal the mechanism in mitochondrial damage of the renal cells.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups according to sex and body mass(20 in each group):control group,lower fluoride group and higher fluoride group.All the rats were fed with different doses of sodium fluoride in drinking water(0,10 and 50 mg/L,respectively).Six-month later,the expression of Fisl in renal cells was determined by real-time fluorenscence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry technology,the mitochondrial morphology of renal cells was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results As compared with the control group(28.70 ± 12.41),Fis1 mRNA levels(91.48 + 34.83 and 582.09 ± 184.69) in renal cells of the lower fluoride and the higher fluoride groups were increased(all P ＜ 0.05).As compared with the control group(10.49 ± 7.66),Fisl protein levels(16.33 ± 10.26 and 21.50 ± 5.24) in renal cells of the lower fluoride and the higher fluoride groups showed a trend of increasing,the higher fluoride group was higher than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).By TEM,mitochondrial crest in renal cells of the lower fluoride and the higher fluoride groups was vague or disappeared,mitochondrial division section appeared.Conclusions Fluoride is a kind of toxicant that can cause damage to mitochondrion of renal cells,induce the expression of Fis1 in transcriptional and protein level,and lead to the obstacles of mitochondrial fusion-fission and ultrastructural abnormality of mitochondrion,which may play an important role in mechanism of mitochondrial damage in the renal cells of rats with chronic fluorosis.

The effect of Rhizoma curcumae oil on the learning and memory in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The rats were divided randomly into 5 groups (14 animals in each group): control, chronic hypoxia, chronic hypoxia with low (5 mg/kg body weight), middle (10 mg/kg body weight) and high (20 mg/kg body weight) concentrations of Rhizoma curcumae oil injection. The animals undergoing chronic hypoxia were exposed to hypoxia in a hypoxic chamber containing 10% O(2) and 5% CO(2) for 10 h/d, lasting 28 d. Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to obtain the scores of leaning and memory. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) content were determined in the serum and hippocampus as well as [Ca(2+)](i) in the hippocampus. The expression of phosphorylated Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII) in the hippocampus was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Compared with the control group, the chronic hypoxia group showed the following changes: (1) The escape latency to the hidden platform was remarkably prolonged (P<0.05); (2) The content of MDA and [Ca(2+)](i) were obviously higher, but the activity of SOD and the expression of p-CaMKII were significantly lower (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the chronic hypoxia group, groups with Rhizoma curcumae oil injection had the following changes: (1) The escape latency to the hidden platform was remarkably shorter in 10, 20 mg/kg body weight groups (P<0.05); (2) The content of MDA and [Ca(2+)](i) were markedly decreased in 5, 10, 20 mg/kg body weight groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the activity of SOD in the serum and the expression of p-CaMKII were significantly higher in 10, 20 mg/kg body weight groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). The results showed that the capacity of learning and memory was degraded following chronic hypoxia. The decrease in MDA content and [Ca(2+)](i) and (or) the increase in SOD activity and p-CaMKII expression might participate in the enhancing effect on learning and memory induced by Rhizoma curcumae oil.
Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; metabolism ; Curcuma ; chemistry ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Learning ; drug effects ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Memory ; drug effects ; Plant Oils ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Background 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2A) gene has been regarded as a candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia. In particular, the 5-HT2A receptor has received much attention because it demonstrates to be an important site of action of atypical antipsychotic agents to alleviate negative symptoms. The current study investigated whether the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2A) gene T102C polymorphism was associated with treatment response to risperidone in the first episode Chinese patients with schizophrenia.Methods 201 first episode Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia were given risperidone for up to 56 days.Genotyping of 5-HT2A gene T102C polymorphism were performed by using PCR-RFLP. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used for the evaluation of the severity of psychotic symptoms before and after 8 weeks treatment with risperidone.Results 5-HT2A receptor 102 -T/T genotype was significantly associated with both the PANSS total and negative syndrome subscale scores before treatment, and with the reduction rates in both the PANSS total and negative syndrome subscale scores after eight weeks risperidone treatment.Conclusions The results suggest that 5-HT2A T102C A/A1 genotype subgroup influences individual response to risperidone in first-episode Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mechanical chest compression device in patients with cardiac arrest.Methods:The relevant literatures about mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation were systematically searched from China Knowledge Network (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science and other databases. The effective data were extracted and analyzed by RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 20 clinical studies involving 29 727 patients were included, of which 11 104 patients received mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 18 623 patients received traditional manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The results of meta-analysis showed that mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation could not effectively improve the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, admission survival rate, discharge survival rate and neurological prognosis in patients with cardiac arrest compared with manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ROSC occurrence rate ( RR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.23, P<0.01), admission survival rate ( RR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.95-1.08, P=0.67), discharge survival rate ( RR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.86-1.15, P=0.14), and good neurological function rate ( RR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.61-1.06, P=0.69) showed no significant differences between the mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conclusions:Mechanical chest compression device has no advantage compared with manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not recommended to completely replace manual chest compression in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.