Objective To probe into the burden of caregivers of patients with Alzheimer' s disease (AD) ,coping styles and the correlation. Methods A survey involving 143 caregivers of patients with AD was conducted with Caregivers' Burden Scale and a simple Coping Style Questionnaire to analyze the burden of caregivers of AD and the characteristics of their coping styles and discuss the correlation. Results The burden of the caregivers of patients with AD was at intermediate level the score was 46. 96 ±7. 28. 78. 32% of the caregivers had intermediate burden. Both the grade of the positive coping and that of the negative coping of the caregivers of patients with AD were higher than the domestic norm (P < 0.01); the positive coping styles of the caregivers of patients with AD were negatively related with their burden while nursing; their negative coping styles were positively related with their burden while nursing (P < 0.01). Conclusion The burdens while nursing are related with their coping styles. In the aspect of nursing activity, caregivers should be encouraged to adopt positive coping styles.

Artificial liver support system (ALSS),as a means of bridging patients with liver failure to transplantation,has been widely used at home and abroad.However,clinical trails show that different ALSS may have different therapeutic effects.This review briefly introduces the widely-used non-biological liver support technologies and extensively-studied biological liver support technologies,and tries to give an overview on their impact on biochemical markers and survival.

Career Mobility ; China ; Humans ; Occupational Health Services ; statistics & numerical data ; Sampling Studies

A new phenolic amide glycoside, cimicifugamide A (1) along with four known compounds, trans-feruloyl tyramine 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), (+)-isolariciresinol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), cimidahurine (4), and 24-epi-7, 8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (5) were isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga dahurica. Compound 3 was identified as a lignan and has been obtained from Cimicifuga genus for the first time. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by IR, UV, HR-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in determining the laryngeal mask airway position using three-dimensional CT reconstruction (3D-CTR) images as the standard.Methods:One hundred and thirty-four patients, aged 18-64 yr, weighing 30-100 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective cerebral vascular interventional stent surgery in our hospital, were selected.Cervical ultrasonography was performed before and after laryngeal mask airway placement, and digital subtraction angiography was performed during operation to obtain 3D-CTR images.Neck ultrasound and 3D-CTR images were analyzed and graded.Results:A total of 125 patients completed the study.At the vertical position of the laryngeal mask airway, ultrasonic grading was positively correlated to 3D-CTR grading ( r=0.742, P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of ultrasound in determining the rotation of the laryngeal mask airway was 73.0% (95% CI: 62.0%-84.4%), 92.8% (95% CI: 86.9%-98.7%), 89.1% (95% CI: 80.5%-97.7%), 81.0% (95% CI: 72.6%-89.4%), and 74.2% (95% CI 65.2%-81.1%), respectively.In terms of laryngeal mask airway depth grading, the correlation between ultrasonic grading was positively correlated to 3D-CT grading ( r=0.332, P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of ultrasound in determining the depth of the laryngeal mask airway was 58.5% (95% CI: 46.9%-70.1%), 93.3% (95% CI: 87.2%-99.4%), and 90.5% (95% CI: 82.0%-99.0%), 67.5% (95% CI: 57.7%-77.3%), and 33.2% (95% CI: 16.8%-47.8%), respectively.The positive predictive value of ultrasound in determining the optimal placement of the laryngeal mask airway was 61.1% (95% CI: 48.6%-73.6%). Conclusion:Although ultrasound cannot measure the depth of the tip of the laryngeal mask airway into the esophagus, it has higher accuracy in determining the rotation and can be used as a reliable tool for clinical detection of the position of the laryngeal mask airway, especially the rotation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Industry ; Male ; Occupational Health ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder,and a main cause for excessive daytime sleepiness. It is accompanied by cataplexy,sleep paralysis and sleep hallucinations,collectively known as tetralogy of narcolep-sy. Research progresses in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy are briefly summarized in this article,paving directions for further research. Both the realm of western and Chinese traditional medicine are concerned. Western medicine stated that it′s pathogenesis is closely related to orexin and HLA-DQB1?0602. In addition,recent studies from countries in Western Europe(UK,Finland,and Sweden)have indicated that the use of H1N1 influenza vaccine gives rise to incidence of the narcolepsy as well. From the realm of Chinese medicine,upsetting the balance of Yin-Yang and Yin-Wei are also possible causes attributed to the disease. In the case of child narcolepsy,the con-dition of the patient′s internal organs is also highly concerned.

Objective To explore the correlations between septic acute kidney injury (SAKI) and immune condition and provide the clinical basis of predictable diagnosis and treatment in patients with SAKI.Methods Patients diagnosed with sepsis admitted to department of emergency intensive care unit of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1st,2013 and September 30th,2014 were retrospectively studied.A total of 91 patients with sepsis were included,and they were divided into secondary immune deficient (SID) group (n =46) or control group (n =45).According to the diagnostic criteria and stage of the guidelines of Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes 2012 (KDIGO-AKI 2012),patients in each group were divided into non-SAKI group (n1 =16,n2 =23)、KDIGO-1 group (n1 =15,n2 =13)、KDIGO-2 group (n1 =11,n2 =1) or KDIGO-3 group (n1 =4,n2 =8).The morbidity of each stage and the renal index along with the progression of SAKI was also compared in patients with SAKI in two groups.Results While there was a significant difference in the morbidity of KDIGO-2 (23.9％ vs.2.2％,x2 =0.321,P =0.002) in patients with SAKI between immune deficient group and control group,the morbidity of KDIGO-1 and KDIGO-3 had no significant difference (KDIGO-1:32.6％ vs.29.8％,x2 =0.040,P =0.701;KDIGO-3:8.7％ vs.17.8％,x2 =-1.805,P =0.200).There was also no significant difference in the renal index (△Scr、△eGFR) and progression of SAKI (elapsed days from the diagnosis of sepsis to the occurance and most severe stage of SAKI) in patients with SAKI in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There was no significant difference of the severity of septic acute kidney injury in patients with and without secondary immune deficiency.Inflammatory mediators-induced kidney injury in the process of immune response may not be the main mechanism in SAKI.

Objective To compare the efficacy of three kinds of neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) in the patients with upper abdominal cancer pain.Methods Sixty-seven patients of both sexes,with upper abdominal cancer,aged 45-64 yr,weighing 52-69 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table:single-needle NCPB using crura of diaphragm space approach group (group S,n =23),double-needle NCPB via an anterior and posterior crura of diaphragm space approach group (group D,n =22),and continuous NCPB via crura of diaphragm space approach group (group C,n =22).In S and D groups,NCPB was performed with single injection of anhydrous alcohol 25-30 ml after CT-guided successful single and double punctures,respectively.In group C,a catheter was inserted into the crura of diaphragm space and then anhydrous alcohol 25-30 ml was injected via the catheter once a day for 3 consecutive days to perform NCPB.Before treatment,at 1 week after treatment,1,2,4 and 6 months after treatment,the daily consumption of morphine and VAS score were recorded.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using VAS weighted value calculation.The development of adverse effects such as diarrhea,hypotension,dysuria and damage to nerves was recorded.Results Compared with S or D groups,the daily consumption of morphine was significantly decreased at 4-6 months after treatment,the rate of effective treatment was increased at 4-6 months after treatment,and the incidence of hypotension was decreased in group C.The incidence of diarrhea was significantly higher in D and C groups than in group S.Conclusion For the patients with upper abdominal cancer pain,continuous NCPB via crura ofdiaphragm space approach provides perfect efficacy with fewer adverse reactions,and the efficacy is better than that of single-needle NCPB using crura of diaphragm space approach or double-needle NCPB via an anterior and posterior crura of diaphragm space approach.

Objective To investigate the effects of oxidative stress and lipoic acid(antioxidant)on bone metabolism and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 24 Wistar rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups. Osteoporosis rats model was established by bilateral ovaries deleted. Rat in lipoic acid group was injected with lipoic acid(60 mg/kg)for 8 weeks. The bone mineral density(BMD),steo?calcin,ALP,Ca,P,MDA,SOD and GSH?Px were detected. The levels of OPG and RANKL in serum were measured by Western blotting. OPG and RANKL mRNA were detected by real?time PCR. Results The level of BMD level in blood,SOD,GSH?Px,OPG mRNA and protein level in femur of osteoporosis group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). On the other hand,steocalcin,ALP,MDA,RANKL mRNA and protein level were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). The level of BMD level in blood,SOD,GSH?Px,OPG mRNA and protein level of lipoic acid group were significantly higher than the osteoporosis group(P<0.05). The steocalcin,ALP,MDA,RANKL mRNA and protein level were significantly lower than the osteoporosis group(P<0.05). Conclusion Oxidative stress may increase osteoporosis through the upregulation of OPG/RANKL pathway in rats ,and antioxidant lipoic acid can alleviate the progress of osteoporosis.