Objective:To investigate the relationship among iron content, volume and drainage venous oxygen saturation (SvO 2) in deep gray matter nuclei of healthy people using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 126 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in the community in Tianjin from June 2019 to December 2023, and 57 males and 69 females, aged 48±15 years. All healthy volunteers underwent MRI examinations to get STrategically Acquired Gradient Echo images, then it was post-processed to obtain T 1 weighted enhanced images, QSM maps and the maximum intensity projection images. In QSM maps, caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), thalamus (THU), subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra (SN) and red nucleus (RN) were semi-automatically segmented to calculate the iron content and volume using SPIN software. Four bilateral deep cerebral veins regions of interest, including septum pellucidum veins, thalamostriate veins, internal cerebral veins and basilar veins, were manually delineated on the maximum intensity projection images of QSM to obtain venous magnetic sensitivity. The venous magnetic sensitivity was calculated as SvO 2. To observe the age-related trend of SvO 2, iron content and volume, the partial correlation analysis was conducted. The relationships between iron content, volume and SvO 2 were explored using the partial correlation analysis. To explore the potential effects of SvO 2 between iron content and volume in deep gray matter, the mediation analysis was utilized. Results:The relationships between the SvO 2 of thalamostriate veins ( r=0.23, P=0.018), basilar veins ( r=0.27, P=0.004) and age were positive. The relationships between the SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins and the iron contents of CN ( r=?0.25, P=0.042) and PUT ( r=?0.33, P<0.001) were negative. The relationships between the SvO 2 of basilar veins and the iron contents of STN ( r=?0.25, P=0.042) and SN ( r=?0.24, P=0.045) were negative. The relationships between iron content and volume including CN ( r=0.46, P<0.001), PUT ( r=0.20, P=0.027), GP ( r=0.76, P<0.001), STN ( r=0.87, P<0.001), SN ( r=0.90, P<0.001), RN ( r=0.79, P<0.001) were positive. The mediation analysis showed that the SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins indirectly mediated the relationship between iron content and volume of CN, PUT, GP and THU. Conclusions:The process of iron deposition required the participation of oxygen in deep gray matter nuclei. Volume shows positive correlation with iron content in deep gray matter nuclei, with individual variations. The SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins mediate the relationship between iron content and volume of deep gray matter nuclei.

Patient complaints not only reflect the shortcomings of hospital services, but also provide an opportunity for hospitals to improve quality. In July 2023, based on the theory of comprehensive quality management and from the perspective of complaint management, Shanghai General Hospital constructed and launched a " 1 (patient service quality improvement work team)+ X (Shanghai 12320 Health Hotline, various functional departments and clinical medical technology departments of the hospital)" patient service defect management system. This system established a four level organizational structure of patient service quality improvement leadership group-work team-clinical medical technology department work group-all employees. It established mechanisms for acceptance, disposal, improvement, training, evaluation, and rewards and punishments, created a comprehensive service platform, and achieved systematic improvement in patient services. By the end of 2024, the hospital had carried out nearly 200 patient service improvement projects; The daily usage of cloud customer service had exceeded 5 000 people, with an effective response rate of over 94%. In 2024, the response rate for handling work orders through various channels within 48 hours was 90%. This practice had achieved good results in improving the quality of hospital services and enhancing the patient experience, which could provide references for other hospitals to promote the management of patient service defects.

In recent years, botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) combined with cosmetic injections and radiofrequency lasers have been widely implemented to achieve better tissue repair. Among these therapies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in growth factors, has demonstrated notable efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. However, there is some controversy regarding the combined use of these two biomaterials in the treatment of various diseases. This review summarizes the current status of their combined application in peripheral neuropathic pain, seborrheic alopecia, and facial rejuvenation, also analyzes the advantages, interactions, and influencing factors of the combined application. Although the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with BTX-A injection therapy in many of the above diseases are relatively high, the conclusion should still be carried out in the future multi-center, large-sample clinical studies to improve the credibility and representativeness of the results.

The endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle responsible for the synthesis,folding and processing of proteins.When the endoplasmic reticulum protein folding ability is affect-ed,internal unfolded proteins or misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum accumulation,leading to endoplasmic reticulum structural dysfunction resulting in endoplasmic reticu-lum stress.Autophagy is the process by which cells selectively remove stress endoplasmic reticulum and error proteins.Under stress,the endoplasmic reticulum can maintain normal physiolog-ical functions through unfolded protein responses and autophagy.Postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly due to an imbalance be-tween bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by oste-oblasts.Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy both modu-late bone cells status with consequences for bone homeostasis.This article provides a review of the progress of research on en-doplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy interaction in the path-ogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle responsible for the synthesis,folding and processing of proteins.When the endoplasmic reticulum protein folding ability is affect-ed,internal unfolded proteins or misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum accumulation,leading to endoplasmic reticulum structural dysfunction resulting in endoplasmic reticu-lum stress.Autophagy is the process by which cells selectively remove stress endoplasmic reticulum and error proteins.Under stress,the endoplasmic reticulum can maintain normal physiolog-ical functions through unfolded protein responses and autophagy.Postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly due to an imbalance be-tween bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by oste-oblasts.Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy both modu-late bone cells status with consequences for bone homeostasis.This article provides a review of the progress of research on en-doplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy interaction in the path-ogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Objective:To investigate the relationship among iron content, volume and drainage venous oxygen saturation (SvO 2) in deep gray matter nuclei of healthy people using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 126 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in the community in Tianjin from June 2019 to December 2023, and 57 males and 69 females, aged 48±15 years. All healthy volunteers underwent MRI examinations to get STrategically Acquired Gradient Echo images, then it was post-processed to obtain T 1 weighted enhanced images, QSM maps and the maximum intensity projection images. In QSM maps, caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), thalamus (THU), subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra (SN) and red nucleus (RN) were semi-automatically segmented to calculate the iron content and volume using SPIN software. Four bilateral deep cerebral veins regions of interest, including septum pellucidum veins, thalamostriate veins, internal cerebral veins and basilar veins, were manually delineated on the maximum intensity projection images of QSM to obtain venous magnetic sensitivity. The venous magnetic sensitivity was calculated as SvO 2. To observe the age-related trend of SvO 2, iron content and volume, the partial correlation analysis was conducted. The relationships between iron content, volume and SvO 2 were explored using the partial correlation analysis. To explore the potential effects of SvO 2 between iron content and volume in deep gray matter, the mediation analysis was utilized. Results:The relationships between the SvO 2 of thalamostriate veins ( r=0.23, P=0.018), basilar veins ( r=0.27, P=0.004) and age were positive. The relationships between the SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins and the iron contents of CN ( r=?0.25, P=0.042) and PUT ( r=?0.33, P<0.001) were negative. The relationships between the SvO 2 of basilar veins and the iron contents of STN ( r=?0.25, P=0.042) and SN ( r=?0.24, P=0.045) were negative. The relationships between iron content and volume including CN ( r=0.46, P<0.001), PUT ( r=0.20, P=0.027), GP ( r=0.76, P<0.001), STN ( r=0.87, P<0.001), SN ( r=0.90, P<0.001), RN ( r=0.79, P<0.001) were positive. The mediation analysis showed that the SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins indirectly mediated the relationship between iron content and volume of CN, PUT, GP and THU. Conclusions:The process of iron deposition required the participation of oxygen in deep gray matter nuclei. Volume shows positive correlation with iron content in deep gray matter nuclei, with individual variations. The SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins mediate the relationship between iron content and volume of deep gray matter nuclei.

Patient complaints not only reflect the shortcomings of hospital services, but also provide an opportunity for hospitals to improve quality. In July 2023, based on the theory of comprehensive quality management and from the perspective of complaint management, Shanghai General Hospital constructed and launched a " 1 (patient service quality improvement work team)+ X (Shanghai 12320 Health Hotline, various functional departments and clinical medical technology departments of the hospital)" patient service defect management system. This system established a four level organizational structure of patient service quality improvement leadership group-work team-clinical medical technology department work group-all employees. It established mechanisms for acceptance, disposal, improvement, training, evaluation, and rewards and punishments, created a comprehensive service platform, and achieved systematic improvement in patient services. By the end of 2024, the hospital had carried out nearly 200 patient service improvement projects; The daily usage of cloud customer service had exceeded 5 000 people, with an effective response rate of over 94%. In 2024, the response rate for handling work orders through various channels within 48 hours was 90%. This practice had achieved good results in improving the quality of hospital services and enhancing the patient experience, which could provide references for other hospitals to promote the management of patient service defects.

In recent years, botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) combined with cosmetic injections and radiofrequency lasers have been widely implemented to achieve better tissue repair. Among these therapies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in growth factors, has demonstrated notable efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. However, there is some controversy regarding the combined use of these two biomaterials in the treatment of various diseases. This review summarizes the current status of their combined application in peripheral neuropathic pain, seborrheic alopecia, and facial rejuvenation, also analyzes the advantages, interactions, and influencing factors of the combined application. Although the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with BTX-A injection therapy in many of the above diseases are relatively high, the conclusion should still be carried out in the future multi-center, large-sample clinical studies to improve the credibility and representativeness of the results.

BACKGROUND:The specific mechanism of Gushukang,as a Chinese traditional patent medicine for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis of kidney deficiency and blood stasis,needs further studies. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Gushukang on serum sex hormones,bone microstructure and estrogen receptor in postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS:Firstly,network pharmacological analysis was performed.The active ingredients and action targets of Gushukang and the targets of postmenopausal osteoporosis were obtained respectively.Cytoscape was used to construct the active ingredient-target network.STRING database and Cytoscape were used for protein-protein interaction analysis and screening of core targets.DAVID database was used for Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses of intersection targets.Then the ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the animal experiment.Gushukang was administered by gavage for 3 months.The serum estrogen level was detected by ELISA,the bone microstructure was detected by microCT,and the protein expression of estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β in bone tiusse was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The network pharmacological research results identified 132 active ingredients and 150 targets of Gushukang and 1155 targets of postmenopausal osteoporosis.After intersections with 1155 postmenopausal osteoporosis targets,87 targets of active ingredients of Gushukang against postmenopausal osteoporosis were obtained.By constructing the active ingredient-target network,it was found that the active ingredients at the core were quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,naringin and isorhamnetin,and the targets at the core were NCOA2,ESR2,AR,F2,ESR1 and PTGS1.The final targets obtained after the protein-protein interaction analysis and screening included MAPK8,ESR1,JUN,R3C1,RELA and FOS,of which ESR1 was the common core target obtained from the two analyses.KEGG enrichment analysis showed estrogen,tumor necrosis factor,apoptosis and other signaling pathways.Therefore,animal experiments focused on the effect of Gushukang on different subtypes of estrogen receptors in the estrogen signaling pathway.The results showed that in the Gushukang group,bone microstructure was significantly improved,serum estrogen level had no significant change,but the protein expression of estrogen receptor α and β in bone tissue was significantly increased.All the findings indicate that the mechanism of Gushukang in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis may be related to its hormone-like effect and the enhancement of estrogen receptor expression.

ObjectiveTo examine the inhibitory effects of berberine compounds， including columbamine， on acetylcholinesterase from the perspectives of drug-target binding affinity and kinetics and explore the blood-brain barrier （BBB） permeability of these compounds in different multi-component backgrounds. MethodThe median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of acetylcholinesterase by berberine compounds including columbamine was measured using the Ellman-modified spectrophotometric method. The binding kinetic parameters （K_off） of these compounds with acetylcholinesterase were determined using the enzyme activity recovery method. A qualitative analysis of the ability of these components to penetrate the BBB and arrive at the brain tissue in diverse multi-component backgrounds （including medicinal herbs and compound formulas） was conducted using ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-HRMS）. ResultBerberine compounds， including columbamine， exhibited strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase， with IC₅₀ values in the nanomolar range. Moreover， they displayed better drug-target binding kinetics characteristics （with smaller K_off values） than the positive control of donepezil hydrochloride （P<0.01）， indicating a longer inhibition duration of acetylcholinesterase. Berberine components such as columbamine could penetrate the BBB to arrive at brain tissue in the form of a monomer， as well as in the multi-component backgrounds of Coptis and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex medicinal extracts and the compound formula Huanglian Jiedutang. ConclusionThese berberine compounds such as columbamine exhibit a strong inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and can arrive at brain tissue in multi-component backgrounds. In the level of pharmacological substance， this supports the clinical efficacy of compound Huanglian Jiedutang in improving Alzheimer's disease， providing data support for elucidating the pharmacological basis of compound Huanglian Jiedutang.