The endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle responsible for the synthesis,folding and processing of proteins.When the endoplasmic reticulum protein folding ability is affect-ed,internal unfolded proteins or misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum accumulation,leading to endoplasmic reticulum structural dysfunction resulting in endoplasmic reticu-lum stress.Autophagy is the process by which cells selectively remove stress endoplasmic reticulum and error proteins.Under stress,the endoplasmic reticulum can maintain normal physiolog-ical functions through unfolded protein responses and autophagy.Postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly due to an imbalance be-tween bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by oste-oblasts.Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy both modu-late bone cells status with consequences for bone homeostasis.This article provides a review of the progress of research on en-doplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy interaction in the path-ogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Patient complaints not only reflect the shortcomings of hospital services, but also provide an opportunity for hospitals to improve quality. In July 2023, based on the theory of comprehensive quality management and from the perspective of complaint management, Shanghai General Hospital constructed and launched a " 1 (patient service quality improvement work team)+ X (Shanghai 12320 Health Hotline, various functional departments and clinical medical technology departments of the hospital)" patient service defect management system. This system established a four level organizational structure of patient service quality improvement leadership group-work team-clinical medical technology department work group-all employees. It established mechanisms for acceptance, disposal, improvement, training, evaluation, and rewards and punishments, created a comprehensive service platform, and achieved systematic improvement in patient services. By the end of 2024, the hospital had carried out nearly 200 patient service improvement projects; The daily usage of cloud customer service had exceeded 5 000 people, with an effective response rate of over 94%. In 2024, the response rate for handling work orders through various channels within 48 hours was 90%. This practice had achieved good results in improving the quality of hospital services and enhancing the patient experience, which could provide references for other hospitals to promote the management of patient service defects.

In recent years, botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) combined with cosmetic injections and radiofrequency lasers have been widely implemented to achieve better tissue repair. Among these therapies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in growth factors, has demonstrated notable efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. However, there is some controversy regarding the combined use of these two biomaterials in the treatment of various diseases. This review summarizes the current status of their combined application in peripheral neuropathic pain, seborrheic alopecia, and facial rejuvenation, also analyzes the advantages, interactions, and influencing factors of the combined application. Although the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with BTX-A injection therapy in many of the above diseases are relatively high, the conclusion should still be carried out in the future multi-center, large-sample clinical studies to improve the credibility and representativeness of the results.

Objective:To investigate the relationship among iron content, volume and drainage venous oxygen saturation (SvO 2) in deep gray matter nuclei of healthy people using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 126 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in the community in Tianjin from June 2019 to December 2023, and 57 males and 69 females, aged 48±15 years. All healthy volunteers underwent MRI examinations to get STrategically Acquired Gradient Echo images, then it was post-processed to obtain T 1 weighted enhanced images, QSM maps and the maximum intensity projection images. In QSM maps, caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), thalamus (THU), subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra (SN) and red nucleus (RN) were semi-automatically segmented to calculate the iron content and volume using SPIN software. Four bilateral deep cerebral veins regions of interest, including septum pellucidum veins, thalamostriate veins, internal cerebral veins and basilar veins, were manually delineated on the maximum intensity projection images of QSM to obtain venous magnetic sensitivity. The venous magnetic sensitivity was calculated as SvO 2. To observe the age-related trend of SvO 2, iron content and volume, the partial correlation analysis was conducted. The relationships between iron content, volume and SvO 2 were explored using the partial correlation analysis. To explore the potential effects of SvO 2 between iron content and volume in deep gray matter, the mediation analysis was utilized. Results:The relationships between the SvO 2 of thalamostriate veins ( r=0.23, P=0.018), basilar veins ( r=0.27, P=0.004) and age were positive. The relationships between the SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins and the iron contents of CN ( r=?0.25, P=0.042) and PUT ( r=?0.33, P<0.001) were negative. The relationships between the SvO 2 of basilar veins and the iron contents of STN ( r=?0.25, P=0.042) and SN ( r=?0.24, P=0.045) were negative. The relationships between iron content and volume including CN ( r=0.46, P<0.001), PUT ( r=0.20, P=0.027), GP ( r=0.76, P<0.001), STN ( r=0.87, P<0.001), SN ( r=0.90, P<0.001), RN ( r=0.79, P<0.001) were positive. The mediation analysis showed that the SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins indirectly mediated the relationship between iron content and volume of CN, PUT, GP and THU. Conclusions:The process of iron deposition required the participation of oxygen in deep gray matter nuclei. Volume shows positive correlation with iron content in deep gray matter nuclei, with individual variations. The SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins mediate the relationship between iron content and volume of deep gray matter nuclei.

The endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle responsible for the synthesis,folding and processing of proteins.When the endoplasmic reticulum protein folding ability is affect-ed,internal unfolded proteins or misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum accumulation,leading to endoplasmic reticulum structural dysfunction resulting in endoplasmic reticu-lum stress.Autophagy is the process by which cells selectively remove stress endoplasmic reticulum and error proteins.Under stress,the endoplasmic reticulum can maintain normal physiolog-ical functions through unfolded protein responses and autophagy.Postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly due to an imbalance be-tween bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by oste-oblasts.Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy both modu-late bone cells status with consequences for bone homeostasis.This article provides a review of the progress of research on en-doplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy interaction in the path-ogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Objective:To investigate the relationship among iron content, volume and drainage venous oxygen saturation (SvO 2) in deep gray matter nuclei of healthy people using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 126 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in the community in Tianjin from June 2019 to December 2023, and 57 males and 69 females, aged 48±15 years. All healthy volunteers underwent MRI examinations to get STrategically Acquired Gradient Echo images, then it was post-processed to obtain T 1 weighted enhanced images, QSM maps and the maximum intensity projection images. In QSM maps, caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), thalamus (THU), subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra (SN) and red nucleus (RN) were semi-automatically segmented to calculate the iron content and volume using SPIN software. Four bilateral deep cerebral veins regions of interest, including septum pellucidum veins, thalamostriate veins, internal cerebral veins and basilar veins, were manually delineated on the maximum intensity projection images of QSM to obtain venous magnetic sensitivity. The venous magnetic sensitivity was calculated as SvO 2. To observe the age-related trend of SvO 2, iron content and volume, the partial correlation analysis was conducted. The relationships between iron content, volume and SvO 2 were explored using the partial correlation analysis. To explore the potential effects of SvO 2 between iron content and volume in deep gray matter, the mediation analysis was utilized. Results:The relationships between the SvO 2 of thalamostriate veins ( r=0.23, P=0.018), basilar veins ( r=0.27, P=0.004) and age were positive. The relationships between the SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins and the iron contents of CN ( r=?0.25, P=0.042) and PUT ( r=?0.33, P<0.001) were negative. The relationships between the SvO 2 of basilar veins and the iron contents of STN ( r=?0.25, P=0.042) and SN ( r=?0.24, P=0.045) were negative. The relationships between iron content and volume including CN ( r=0.46, P<0.001), PUT ( r=0.20, P=0.027), GP ( r=0.76, P<0.001), STN ( r=0.87, P<0.001), SN ( r=0.90, P<0.001), RN ( r=0.79, P<0.001) were positive. The mediation analysis showed that the SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins indirectly mediated the relationship between iron content and volume of CN, PUT, GP and THU. Conclusions:The process of iron deposition required the participation of oxygen in deep gray matter nuclei. Volume shows positive correlation with iron content in deep gray matter nuclei, with individual variations. The SvO 2 of internal cerebral veins mediate the relationship between iron content and volume of deep gray matter nuclei.

Patient complaints not only reflect the shortcomings of hospital services, but also provide an opportunity for hospitals to improve quality. In July 2023, based on the theory of comprehensive quality management and from the perspective of complaint management, Shanghai General Hospital constructed and launched a " 1 (patient service quality improvement work team)+ X (Shanghai 12320 Health Hotline, various functional departments and clinical medical technology departments of the hospital)" patient service defect management system. This system established a four level organizational structure of patient service quality improvement leadership group-work team-clinical medical technology department work group-all employees. It established mechanisms for acceptance, disposal, improvement, training, evaluation, and rewards and punishments, created a comprehensive service platform, and achieved systematic improvement in patient services. By the end of 2024, the hospital had carried out nearly 200 patient service improvement projects; The daily usage of cloud customer service had exceeded 5 000 people, with an effective response rate of over 94%. In 2024, the response rate for handling work orders through various channels within 48 hours was 90%. This practice had achieved good results in improving the quality of hospital services and enhancing the patient experience, which could provide references for other hospitals to promote the management of patient service defects.

In recent years, botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) combined with cosmetic injections and radiofrequency lasers have been widely implemented to achieve better tissue repair. Among these therapies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in growth factors, has demonstrated notable efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. However, there is some controversy regarding the combined use of these two biomaterials in the treatment of various diseases. This review summarizes the current status of their combined application in peripheral neuropathic pain, seborrheic alopecia, and facial rejuvenation, also analyzes the advantages, interactions, and influencing factors of the combined application. Although the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with BTX-A injection therapy in many of the above diseases are relatively high, the conclusion should still be carried out in the future multi-center, large-sample clinical studies to improve the credibility and representativeness of the results.

Background The mental health problems of employees in administrative organs and public institutions are highly valued.However,there is a lack of understanding regarding the mental health status of employees in provincial and municipal administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region.Objective To analyze the anxiety and depression of employees in provincial and municipal administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region,so as to provide references for promoting their mental health and intervening in psychological problems.Methods From October 23 to 28,2022,a total of 3 096 employees in provincial and municipal administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region were enrolled using stratified cluster sampling technique,and were assessed using Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).Results A total of 1797(58.04％)employees in municipal and above administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region completed a valid questionnaire survey.Depressive symptoms were noted in 579(32.22％).SDS scores yielded statistical difference among the selected employees of different ethnicities,types of job positions and educational levels(F=9.074,101.488,4.477,P<0.01),and the severity of depressive symptoms also demonstrated statistical difference among the selected employees with different ethnicities,educational levels and types of job positions(H=49.196,17.028,160.848,P<0.01).Anxiety symptoms were detected in 711(39.57％)employees.SAS scores exhibited statistical difference among the employees with different genders,ages,ethnicities,educational levels,marital status and types of job positions(t=-4.571,F=6.648,3.950,5.243,12.008,22.253,P<0.01).Statistical differences were also illustrated in the severity of anxiety symptoms among the selected employees with different ages,genders,ethnicities,educational levels,marital status and types of job positions(H=24.361,-3.788,28.365,24.268,25.976,56.204,P<0.01).Conclusion About one-third of employees in municipal and above administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region may have symptoms of depression and anxiety.The depression symptoms are more severe among Tibetan people,those with low education levels and ordinary civil servants.The anxiety symptoms are more severe among employees aged 30 and below,those with low education levels,unmarried and those in technical positions.

Objective To establish a cost-benefit evaluation (CBE) index system which is suitable for health enterprise construction, and provide an effective tool for conducting economic evaluation of health enterprise development. Methods The index pool of CBE index system for health enterprise construction was initially established by comprehensive use of field surveys, key informant interviews and literature review. The improved Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert correspondences with 21 experts, through which the evaluation indicator system was adjusted and refined based on the experts' opinions, ultimately the CBE indicator system suitable for health enterprise construction was determined. Results The effective questionnaire recovery rates of the two rounds of expert consultations were 100.0%. The expert authority coefficients was 0.88, and the Kendall's W coordination coefficients of the cost input indicator and benefit indicator in the second round of expert consultation were 0.14 and 0.15 (all P<0.001), with Cronbach's α coefficient of reliability evaluation of index system were all >0.80. The final CBE index system for health enterprise construction includes cost input indicators focusing on four dimensions: “improving management systems”, “building a healthy environment”, “enhancing health management and services”, and “cultivating a healthy culture”. It covered four primary indicators, ten secondary indicators, and 22 tertiary indicators. The benefit indicators mainly focused on the four primary indicators, including “health productivity”, “clinical output”, “economic output”, and “cultural output”, ten secondary indicators, and 23 tertiary indicators. Conclusion The CBE indicator system for health enterprise construction developed in this study is highly reliable, scientific, and practical. It can serve as a tool for the preliminary evaluation and general application of the cost-benefit evaluation of health enterprise construction and provide strong support for future research.