Thrombospondin-1 (THBS-1),a kind of extracellular matrix proteins,whose biological action played an important role in corneal wound healing has became a research highlight.The currently research findings showed that THBS-1 could promote the healing of epithelium,stroma and endothelium through activating the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) which can accelerate cell proliferation,promote stroma forming and inducing cell migration.It is worthful in clinical treatment of all kinds of corneal wound healing.Now we summarized the research developments which have been acquired in the field recently in this article.

Animal challenge test is an effective means to study the efficacy of severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccine. The appropriate animal models and reasonable experimental design play an important role in obtaining efficacy and safety information,as well as supporting clinical trials. At present,common non-clinical animal models include transgenic mice,non-human primates,hamsters,ferrets and so on. This paper reviews the common animal models used in non-clinical trials and the problems encountered in their application.

Objective To analyze the relationship between social skills and interaction anxiousness of college nursing students, and to find ways of improving their social skills and avoiding interaction anxiousness. Methods 247 college nursing students were investigated by adopting social skill questionnaire and interaction anxiousness questionnaire, and analyze the results. Results There was no obvious difference in the score of their social skills and interaction anxiousness among 3 grades (P ＞ 0.05 ). The social skills of college nursing students need to be further improved, what's more, their social adaptation, social perception, social confidence, social expression,and impression management scores were respectively 1.67 ± 0.44,2.12 ± 0.61,2.17 ± 0.62,1.98 ± 0.63,1.89±0.68. Their interaction anxiousness was moderate, and the average score of each item was 2.79 ± 0.55. There was conspicuously correlative relationship between the subsidiary of social skills and the level of interaction anxiousness (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion It is possible to relieve the extent of interaction anxiousness of nursing students by improving their social skills.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease which occured predominantly in the elderly.In recent years,due to the application of small molecular proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulator,MM has become a chronic disease with good response to new treatments rather than a deadly disease that is lack of effective treatments.However,the occurrence of drug resistance makes MM less likely to be cured,which is one of the biggest challenges in MM clinical treatment.This article will review the mechanisms of acquired resistance to bortezomib in MM,including target genes modification,bypass signaling and so forth.

AIM: To investigate the effect of baicalin on the radiosensitization of HeLa cells .METHODS:The cell activity was determined by MTT assay .The radiosensitivity of HeLa cells was detected by colony formation assay . The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry .The protein levels of Akt , p-Akt, Bad and p-Bad were examined by Western blot.RESULTS:The cell growth of the HeLa cells was inhibited by baicalin dose-dependently and IC 50 was 43.65 mg/L. The results of colony formation assay showed that combination of 8 mg/L baicalin and radiotherapy further improved survival curve and decreased the value of D0 and Dq, as compared with radiotherapy alone (P<0.05).Furthermore, baicalin en-hanced the effect of radiotherapy on cell cycle , as evidenced by the increase in cell percentage in G 2/M phase (P<0.05). Additionally, after incubation with baicalin , radiotherapy-induced phosphorylation of Akt and Bad were further augmented (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Baicalin augments radiosensitivity of HeLa cells through the inhibition of cell cycle transi -tion and activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Bronchial asthma is a complex polygenic disease,caused by environmental and genetic factors.Three key methods are used to identify asthma susceptibility genes,including positional cloning study,candidate gene study and the emerging trend of genome-wide association study.Chain analysis and correlation analysis are two main strategies.This review discusses the asthma susceptibility genes:TLR,IL-13,PDCD4,CCL-5,TRPV1,BDNF in the perspective of functional classification.

Autoimmunity is the main mechanism of type 1 diabetes.The discovery of autoantigens has broadened our understanding of pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.Insulin,glutamic acid decarboxylase 65,and insulinoma-associated protein 2 have been found to be major autoantigens of type 1 diabetes.In recent years,some autoantigens in type 1 diabetes,such as chromogranin A,islet amyloid polypeptide,zinc transporter 8,and pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor-1,have received some attention in the literature.The purpose of this article is to review the progress of novel autoantigens in type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND:Zirconia al-ceramic crowns have been widely accepted in the clinic because of its excelent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and aesthetic performance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of zirconia al-ceramic crowns prepared using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturingversusconventional method. METHODS:Eighty-seven patients who used zirconia al-ceramic crowns, consisting of 56 males and 31 females, aged 21-56 years were included in this study. Among these patients, 42 patients were subjected to tooth repair with zirconia al-ceramic crowns prepared using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technique (experimental group) and 45 patients received tooth repair with zirconia al-ceramic crowns prepared using conventional method (control group). At the end of the 6th month after zirconia al-ceramic crown repair, denture surface texture, the color of the restoration, anatomic appearance of prosthesis, marginal integrity, denture health and patient’s satisfaction were investigated between the experimental and control groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After repair with zirconia al-ceramic crowns, patient satisfaction rate of the color of the restoration and total patient satisfaction rate in the experimental group were significantly greater than in the control group (100%vs. 78%, 95%vs. 82%,P < 0.05). The anatomic appearance of prosthesis in the experimental group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in denture surface texture, the color of the restoration, and marginal integrity between the experimental and control groups (P > 0.05). Discoloration, cracks and chipping and other adverse reactions were observed in neither experimental group nor control group. These findings suggest that the zirconia al-ceramic crowns prepared using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technique exhibit good aesthetic performance, stability and biocompatibility.

Objective To investigate whether PCF could inhibit apoptosis of HaCat cells induced by ultraviolet B(UVB) in vitro and explore its related mechanism.Methods HaCat cells were cultured and divided into groups(control,model,and test groups).The DNA ladder of each group was observed by gel electrophoresis;The expression of caspase-3 in HaCat cells was detected by flow cytometry and the activities of ERKs,JNKs,P38 were determined by western-blot method.Results PCF decresded UVB-induced DNA ladder in HaCat cells;PCF enhanced the level of ERKs,but reduced the level of JNKs and p38,and reduced the expression of Caspase-3 in HaCat cells.Conclusion PCF had protective effects against UVB-induced apoptotic cell death in HaCat cells and it is likely that its cytoprotective effect on HaCat cells was mediated by MAPKs pathway.

Objective To study the anti-tumor activity of Phellinus linteus(PL) and its immunomodulational effects.Methods Solid tumor was induced by injecting HepA,MFC,S_(180) cells(3?10~6cells/animal) subcutaneously to the right anterior limb in mice.The tumor weight,thymus weight and spleen weight were measured after mice were executed.The effects of PL on lymphocyte proliferation,mitogen-induced proliferatoin of ICR mouse splenocytes were measured by MTT.Meanwhile,lymphocytes were prepared as described above.SRBC(10%,0.2 mL) was injected to abdominal cavity to elevate the level of antibody production by B cells.Spleen cells suspension(1?10~7?mL~(-1)) was used as the effect cells and L_(929) cells was used as the target cells.L_(929) cells engulfing neutral red determined the cytotoxic activity of NK.Simultaneously,phagocytosis of mice was detected using the method that macrophages engulfed neutral red.The effect of PL on the production of antibody was studied,the lymphocytes from mice were prepared as described above.Results The high-dose(2.0 g?kg~(-1)) and mid-dose(1.0 g?kg~(-1)) of PL could significantly inhibit the growth of HepA,MFC and S_(180)tumor,the inhibitory rates were 38.19% and 37.15%,32.46% and 30.91%,36.0% and 34.16%,respectively(P